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L Slanina

Publications and source records attributed to L Slanina.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Acid-base profile evaluation in central and peripheral arterial and venous blood in cattle].

In veterinary medicine mainly venous blood is used for acid-base balance determinations. This blood, however, does not allow to evaluate the respiratory component, therefore arterial blood samples have to be taken and examined in cases requiring such measurements (respiratory tract diseases, assessment of the degree of compensation in disturbed acid-base conditions). For this reason, central and peripheral arterial blood samples from the a. axillaris and a. subclavia, and the a. auricularis, respectively, were taken from 14 head of cattle, and the values of selected acid-base parameters (pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3, BE and SAT) were compared. Simultaneously, venous blood samples (v. jugularis) were also examined. Comparison of arterial and venous blood samples (Tab. I) revealed statistically significant differences in pH (p < 0.01) as well as in pCO2, pO2 and SAT values (p < 0.001). In HCO3 and BE, no significant differences were observed. Comparison of arterial blood samples in relation to sampling sites (peripheral and central) disclosed no significant differences in the single parameters; all values correlated at a high level (Tab. II, Figs. 1-6). The highest correlation levels were determined for BE (r = 0.984), HCO3 (r = 0.959), pH (r = 0.944) and pCO2 (r = 0.938) whereas those recorded for SAT (r = 0.877) and pO2 (r = 0.874) were lower. Arterial blood sampling from the a. auricularis caudalis seems to be simpler than sampling from the more central parts that are difficult to approach mainly in fat animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1993

[Preventive and metaphylactic use of Alga and Algalev in diarrheal and respiratory syndromes].

Two gammaglobulin preparations have been developed: Alga (10% injection solution of serum bovine gamma-globulin and albumin) and Algalev (with addition of levamisole 10 mg/ml, patented under PV 4069/87); their administration to calves in field conditions was evaluated. The Alga preparation at a rate of 1 ml/kg liveweight (two administrations) had good preventive effects in the diarrhoeic syndrome of new-born hypogammaglobulinaemic calves. In comparison with the untreated calves, these parameters were determined: lower incidence of diarrhoea (41% against 75%; Tab. I), its later onset (by 24 hours), shorter duration (by 50 hours; P < 0.01), lower intensity and easier therapeutical handling (Tab. II). The Algalev preparation (two administrations at a rate of 1 ml/kg liveweight) was suitable for metaphylactic use (combined with antibiotic application) in the respiration syndrome of calves. In comparison with the untreated calves, these parameters were determined: lower incidence of this disorder (42% against 78%), lower intensity of clinical symptoms (intensive symptoms in 20% of the calves against 72%) and importantly higher daily weight gains (0.64 kg against 0.26 kg; Fig. 3). The concentrations of total serum Ig (CS-Ig), serum proteins (SB) and serum albumin (S-Alb) were similar in the compared groups of calves in the whole period of observation (Fig. 1). Certain differences were observed in the dynamics of anti-PI 3 titre of serum antibodies as shown by investigation of specific serum antibodies (Fig. 2); the level of their production was in agreement with morbidity incidence and clinical symptom intensity in both groups of calves.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria in calves and its effect on hematologic and acid-base profiles].

Water intoxication is considered to be one of the possible causes of haemoglobinuria in calves. As to predisposing factors, prognosis and particularly differential diagnosis, uncertainty is rather frequent. Therefore we tried to provoke this state in an experiment, in which the disiony-induced changes of the acid-base balance (pH, pCO2, HCO3, pO2, BE, SAT of venous blood) were determined in addition to clinical observations (general behaviour, respiratory and pulse rates, body temperatures) and blood analysis (red and white blood cells, PCV and haemoglobin). Experimental paroxysmal haemoglobinuria was induced in eight 2-months-old male calves of the Black Pied breed weighing 55-70 kg that were held on a green diet. After the animals had been given cold water (12-14 degrees C) at an amount of 12% of their body weight, increased volume of the abdominal cavity, muscle tremor, and a stooping posture could be seen, and in 45-60 min. following water administration the first spontaneous haemoglobinuria occurred. Except the first 20 minutes following water gavage, when pronounced tachycardia accompanied by arythmia (100-130 per min.) was recorded, a tendency towards hypothermy, mild bradycardia and bradypnoe was observed; correction of these values occurred within 24 hours. Haematological indices revealed a hydraemic trend that was most pronounced and long-lasting in haemoglobin. Twenty-four hours after water gavage haemoglobin, red blood cells and PCV values were still below their starting levels; the tendency toward leucopoenia changed into leucocytosis. The acid-base balance revealed a slight acidemic trend with decreasing pH, actual bicarbonate and BE levels in the first hour; later, equilibration and increase within the physiological range occurred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1993

[Experimental paroxysmal hemoglobinuria in calves and selected biochemical indicators in the blood and urine].

When examining diseased calves, sporadically pronounced haemoglobinuria with dark red urine can be observed. In serious cases the clinical picture may be manifold but peculiar; in easy cases, however, when there are no distinct clinical symptoms, a larger scale of examinations is needed to aid differential diagnosis. Eight roughage-fed bulls aged two months, weighing 55-71 kg were used in this experiment. Selected biochemical indices of the mineral, enzymatic, hepatic, energetic and urinary profile were determined in the blood serum and urine of the animals. After the administration of cold water at an amount representing 12% of the animal's body weight, ionogram values were determined. In all indices a positive correlation with hydraemia and a decrease in Na, Cl, Ca, Mg and P levels were observed. Correction of the above levels occurred within 24 hours, with the exception of Na and P concentrations that did not reach starting values. As to the enzymatic profile (AST, ALT, GGT), no pronounced disturbances could be observed. The most profound changes were seen in AST activity that increased in the 5th hour of the experiment. A slight tendency towards hypoproteinaemia was observed to continue even in 24 hours. Hypoglobulinaemia reached its starting value in the 24th hour while simultaneously albumin levels slightly increased. The increasing bilirubin levels reached their maximum in the 5th and 6th hour; correction of the former occurred within 24 hours. The urinary profile revealed polyuria, aciduria, aquaeous urine and haemoglobinuria, the latter reaching its peak between hours 1 and 3 following water administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Dynamics of the acid-base balance of venous and arterial blood in clinically healthy calves].

Values of the acid base balance were examined in both venous and arterial blood of healthy calves (n = 6) of the Slovak Spotted breed aged, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 18, and 24 weeks, respectively. Until week 4 of age the animals were fed milk only, until the age of 9 weeks a milk-roughage transition fodder and from week 10 on they were given classical herbage. Blood samples were taken from the V. jugularis and A. carotis communis or A. axillaris, respectively. The results achieved were corrected to a body temperature of 39 degrees C. During the examination period the following values were stated for both arterial and venous blood: actual acidity (pH) 7.391 +/- 0.014 and 7.362 +/- 0.013 logmolc, pCO2 6.35 +/- 0.15 and 7.35 +/- 0.11 kPa, HCO3-28.38 +/- 1.42 and 30.32 +/- 1.02 mmol. l(-1), ABE 3.57 +/- 1.44 and 4.34 +/- 1.09 mmol. l(-1); pO2 12.63 +/- 1.15 and 5.21 +/- 0.73 kPa, SAT 95.8 +/- 1.03 and 61.2 +/- 9.59%, respectively. A gradual increase in most indices of the acid base balance could be stated both in arterial and venous blood. The trends either revealed a parallel increase (HCO3-, pH) or they were more pronounced either in venous blood (SAT) or in arterial blood (ABE, pO2). Some trends were almost balanced (pCO2 and pO2 in venous blood and SAT and pCO2 in arterial blood). Thus pH, pO2 and SAT indices of the acid base balance were higher in arterial blood as compared to venous blood while pCO2, HCO3- and ABE values were higher in venous blood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1991

[Glycemia and glycosuria in the search for new energy sources for calves].

Monosaccharide (glucose), disaccharide (saccharose hydrolysate) and polysaccharide (maltodextrin KMS-X 70) were administered perorally to the calves of three age categories (pre-rumination, transition, rumination period) after 12-hour fasting. The following characteristics were investigated: glycaemia, glycosuria, lactic acid concentration, plasma osmolality, hematocrit value, net acid-base secretion and excrement dry matter. The degree of saccharide utilization was evaluated from glycaemia, glycosuria and clinical condition. The administration of maltodextrins to calves at the age of two to three weeks was not found convenient. The absorption of saccharose (hydrolyzate depended strongly on age. The saccharose hydrolyzate dose of 2.5 g per kg l. w. was calculated with respect to glycaemia and glycosuria, but not to the excrement dry matter content. In comparison with glucose absorption, saccharose hydrolyzate seems to be a convenient energy source for calves of different age categories.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1991

[Methemoglobinemia in calves with emphasis on the dam-calf relationship and after experimental administration of nitrates].

A field investigation of methaemoglobinaemia was performed in healthy calves and in calves suffering from diarrhoeas at different age periods; methaemoglobinaemia of dairy cows and their newborn calves was examined at the average age of 2.5 days. In the other part of this study, NO-3-ion was administered experimentally per os to the calf organisms at doses of 0.15 and 0.3 g KNO3.kg-1 liveweight; this treatment induced a low to medium degree of clinical methaemoglobinaemia. The results of this study indicate that it is possible to comment on the physiological standard of methaemoglobinaemia (less than 3% MaHb) in the total haemoglobin, urgent time of methaemoglobin detection after nitrate intake (2 to 8 h) with respect to the fast dynamics of nitrates, and the importance of subclinical form of methaemoglobinaemia and its relationship to the ontogenetic development of piglets.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Transmammary transfer of nitrates and nitrites in ruminants and methemoglobin blood levels in the young and their mothers].

Transmammary transfer of nitrates was studied in ewes as model animals and in a dairy cow during the colostrum period and shortly after it. Ewes were administered per os 35 mg NaNO3.kg-1 of live weight twice daily during five days post partum and the dairy cow 50 g KNO3 during ten days post partum. Methaemoglobinaemia in ewes and their lambs had consistent dynamics during the whole period of study with slightly higher values in lambs than in ewes. Differences in the averages of methaemoglobin (MtHb) concentrations in blood were statistically higher from the fourth till the 72nd hour after administration. NaNO3 concentration in milk highly and significantly increased after the first administration, with a subsequent decline to an insignificant level during further clays, as compared with the initial data. NO2 ions were not observed to be present in any milk sample. Dynamics of methaemoglobinaemia in the dairy cow and her calf was the same as in the ewes, with a tendency of regular increasing four hours after administration. The increase in methaemoglobinaemia the last day of the trial was at the limit of significance. NaNO3 content in milk significantly increased on the 3rd, 9th and 10th day after administration. Nitrates in urine showed similar trend as in milk with a significant increase only on the 2nd and 10th day post partum. The finding of 14.5 mg.l-1 NaNO3 in the amniotic fluid provides evidence of a simultaneous transplacental transfer of nitrates.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of blood derivatives with immunomodulators on the immunoprotein profile in calves under clinical conditions].

The data on the selected humoral and cellular parameters of the immuno-protein profile were evaluated in calves in a critical period of the availability of immunoglobulins (Ig), in dependence on the administration of the blood derivative with levamisole (group AL) and on the administration of levamisole solution (group L). The preparations were administered intramuscularly at a rate of 10 mg levamisole per 1 kg of live weight. No statistical significance was recorded in the comparison of the humoral parameters after repeated administration (interval of five days) of the Algalev (AL) and levamisole (L) preparations. During the same investigation, the administration of AL produced a significant increase in the T lymphocytes of the blood both in comparison with the T lymphocyte concentration before treatment (P less than 0.05 on the 5th, 7th, 11th, 14th and 20th day of experiment) and in comparison with the calves of group L (P less than 0.05 on the 7th, 11th, 14th, and 20th day); in the case of B lymphocytes an increase was recorded only in comparison with the initial value (P less than 0.01 on the 2nd, 5th and 7th day). Administration of levamisole alone led to a positive change in T lymphocyte concentration (P less than 0.05 on the 5th, 7th, 11th, 15th and 20th day) but not in the concentration of the B cells (P greater than 0.05). In another experiment, administration of the AL preparation (repeatedly after six days) led to a significant increase in the percentage of T lymphocytes (P less than 0.01 the 8th day and P less than 0.05 the 2nd, 6th, 15th, 21st and 35th day) and B lymphocytes (P less than 0.01 the 15th and 21st day), in comparison with their levels before administration as well as in comparison with the control (T lymph.: P less than 0.01 the 6th day and P les than 0.05 the 8th, 15th, 21st and 35th day; B lymph.: P less than 0.05 the 15th day). The maximum percent proportion of T lymphocytes after administration of the AL preparation was recorded on the seventh and eighth day after the first administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Peroral administration of zinc sulfate to pregnant cows and its effect on selected metabolic indicators in the dam-calf lineage].

A comparative trial was conducted with the oral administration of zinc sulphate to pregnant cows and heifers aimed at influencing the selected metabolic parameters in the dam-calf line. The total daily ZnSO4.7H2O dose of 3 g (680 mg Zn++) was given to dry standing cows and heifers for 35 days on an average (15-65) before the expected date of calving. The breeding conditions in the stock were problematic: losses of calves suffered in the last half-a-year period were higher than 30% of born calves; the main causes of this high mortality were coli-septicaemia and coli-enteritis. As compared with the eight control animals, the experimental cows and heifers (12 head) exhibited a transient increase in zincaemia, followed by a tendency to proteinaemia; aspartate aminotransferase activity increased, total immunoglobulins remained unchanged, and decreases were recorded in the activities of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase and aldolase. On the other hand, the concentration of total bilirubin tended to increase. In 77% of the cows and first-calvers of the experimental group the quality of colostrum complied with the standard; in the case of the control animals this proportion was 83%. Significant zincaemia occurred in the calves of the experimental cows between the first and 14th day of their age; no differences from the control calves were recorded in immunoglobulinaemia, proteinaemia, albuminaemia and in the activities of alanine aminotransferase and creatine phosphokinase. On the other hand, aspartate aminotransferase activity tended to grow and alkaline phosphatase activity tended to sink. Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia disappeared within the first 14 days of age in both the experimental and the control calves. The results failed to show clearly that the intention to increase the values of the studied parameters of immunopoiesis was met.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Phagocytosis in calves and its dynamics after experimental treatment].

We evaluated the phagocytic capacity of blood neutrophils and monocytes in calves after nonspecific stimulations of the organisms by colloidal charcoal and concentrated blood derivative administered alone, or enriched by immunomodulator (levamizol). Each of the above-mentioned preparations could be characterized by a specific response of the organism with respect to the phagocytic capacity. After administration of colloidal charcoal, both the phagocytic activity (percent of phagocytizing cells) and the particle-ingesting ability, i.e. phagocytic index, which showed two-phase changes in relation to the administration, were simulated. An increase in the phagocytic index was retained until the end of observation (four weeks), but the phagocytic activity (percent of phagocytizing cells) dropped to the level before administration as soon as in 24 hours. The phagocytic activity was also positively stimulated by the concentrated blood derivative administered alone, and the particle-ingesting ability was not influenced very much. The concentrated blood derivative with immunomodulator could be characterized by a fast increase in the phagocytic activity, accompanied by a successive short-time rise of the phagocytic index. A joint feature of all three preparations was a simultaneous increase in the percent of potential phagocytes and in the values of phagocytic activity. In none of the cases was, however, the increase in phagocytic activity accompanied by a rise in the phagocytic index.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Lysozyme in the colostrum and blood of calves and dairy cows].

During examination of lysozyme concentration we have found out that 90.3% of calf sera had the lysozyme concentration to 0.5 microgram . ml-1, 5.7% of sera showed zero values and only 4.0% of sera values from 0.5 to 1.4 microgram . ml-1. A higher lysozyme content was recorded in sera of calves up to the age of ten days in comparison with sera of calves after the second week post natum. The lysozyme concentration showed in calves a two-phase increase in the age dynamics up to the seventh to eighth week of life with a peak in second and fifth to eighth week of age. The increase rate in the first phase and the time onset of increase in the second phase were in negative, and/or positive relation to the level of immunity obtained through colostrum. The lysozyme concentration in serum of dairy cows was on fourth day post partum as much as ten times higher than in serum of their progenies 48 hours after parturition. In first colostrum the lysozyme concentration fluctuated within the range of 0.15 to 0.65 microgram X ml-1, with an average of 0.30 microgram X ml-1. The concentration of lysozyme and immunoglobulins of the IgG and IgM class in colostrum showed a contrary trend in first and second milk yield, with a tendency towards increase for lysozyme and towards decrease for immunoglobulins.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

[Absorption of colostral immunoglobulins and its interdependence].

Three main factors underlying the immunity state of newborn calves are evaluated. During the absorption of colostral immunoglobulins the immunoprotein profile of a newborn calf is influenced by the following factors (arranged according to importance): volume of the first colostrum taken in, time of the first drinking, and immunoglobulin concentration (IgG and IgM) in colostrum. When given 1.1 or 2.0 litres of colostrum of about the same quality (as to immunity), the calves of the compared groups had significantly different levels of total serum Ig measured 24 hours after birth: 10.7 and 18.6 U ZST (P less than 0.05) and 48 hours after birth: 11.7 and 19.7 U ZST (P less than 0.01). A significant difference in total serum proteins was observed only in the 48th hour post partum (54.4 and 63.6 g per litre; P less than 0.05). At the intake of 1.5 litres of colostrum within two and five hours after birth, with the same total intake of the sum of IgG and IgM in the groups, the calves exhibited, in the 24th hour, total serum Ig levels of 14.4 and 12.4 U ZST (P greater than 0.05) respectively, and 56.0 and 47.9 g per litre (P greater than 0.05) of total serum protein, respectively. With a different concentration of colostral IgG (122.0 or 77.0 g per litre) the statistically significant Ig absorption into blood was adequately different (17.2 and 10.0 U ZST, respectively, P less than 0.05). The differences in the concentration of total serum Ig and total proteins between the 24th and 48th hour after birth were only very small and statistically insignificant. Regression analysis proved a significant relation (P less than 0.01) between the level of total serum Ig 24 and 48 hours after birth and the total amount of IgG and IgM taken in with the first colostrum. The calves coming from primiparae had a lower immunity (P less than 0.01) in comparison with the calves of multiparae. A similar relation in the absorption of colostral Ig was observed when the spontaneously born calves were compared with those born by the Caesarean section (P less than 0.01).

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Hemoconcentration in calves and its relation to the hematologic, protein, mineral and electrolyte profile].

The dynamics of hematological, protein, mineral and electrolytic profile was examined clinically in nine calves when the hemoconcentration was induced experimentally. The hemoconcentration occurred after diarrhea caused by the per os application of 12 g saccharose per one kg of live weight. The hemoconcentration culminated six hours after application. The calves where the hemoconcentration did not exceed the critical value were included in the first group, and the calves with the extreme hemoconcentration values in the other group. In the first group (with the increasing hemoconcentration degree), a statistically significant increase was found in the values of hematocrit, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, total protein in blood serum and total immunoglobins and a statistically insignificant increase in the levels of leucocytes, inorganic phosphorus, serum calcium and sodium. Serum potassium and magnesium showed the inverse dynamics, i. e. the decrease. In the second group (with the extreme hemoconcentration), hyperkalemia and slight hypermagnesemia were identified, while the other parameters showed deviations similar to those observed in the first group. After the rehydration of animals by a preparation without any influence on the studied parameters, the hemoconcentration and the parameters under study stabilized, while in the second group the hemoconcentration was increasing even during the rehydration and the levels of serum potassium and magnesium showed different tendencies. As follows from the results, in the calves suffering from scours accompanied by hemoconcentration the correction of the parameters of metabolic profile is necessary.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Hemoconcentration in calves in relation to actual and corrected values of metabolic profile parameters].

Frequent pathogenetic condition of hemoconcentration in calves results in apparent increase in the parameters of metabolic profile above the standard level. These values, however, do not conform to the actual state and often lead to unsubstantiated diagnostic conclusions with pathological deviations. On the basis of experimental study on the dynamics of some parameters of hematological, protein, mineral and electrolytic profile in the calves with experimental hemoconcentration, a correction table and diagram for the calculation of corrected values for some parameters of metabolic profile were elaborated. At hematocrit value increased above the physiologic limit (0.45--0.60) the correction values of parameters in percent are subtracted from the actual value. The correction table was used to correct actual values of those parameters of metabolic profile which during the experimental hemoconcentration were found to have direct relations to the dynamics (Er, Hb, Le, CB, Ig, serum Ca, P and Na). The correction of serum potassium and of some enzymes (AST, ALT, gMT) is not indicated because no relations were determined. Whereas the actual values of the studied parameters reached their maxima (statistically significant differences in Er, Hb, CB, Ig levels) at the culmination of hemoconcentration (6th hour--1st sampling), the differences between the corrected values and initial values were in all parameters insignificant. The correction of actual values of parameters by means of the diagram or table is simple, expeditious and reliable.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in the blood of calves].

The activity of gMT in the blood serum of calves was studied in relation to the age, concentration of total immunoglobulins (Ig) and protein (TP) and to the volume of colostrum taken in by the calves during the first post-partum sucking. Before sucking the serum activity of gMT in newborn calves is low; later it assumes an ascending tendency, the maximum activity being recorded in the 24th hour from birth. A continuous decrease follows in the subsequent postnatal period and the physiological values (of adult cattle) are obtained in the sixth to seventh weeks of age. A marked correlation was found between the values of Ig and gMT (r = 0.9988), and TP and gMT (r = 0.9911), in newborn calves at the age of 48 hours. A highly significant difference was also found in the activity of gMT (P less than 0.01) in calves with different post-partum Ig concentrations. Attention is drawn to the significant difference in the serum activity of gMT (P less than 0.05), Ig (P less than 0.01) and TP (P less than 0.05) in calves given different amounts of the first colostrum. The results of the study can be used for the evaluation of metabolic tests in calves during the early postnatal period.

Animals↗