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Biomedical subjects

L Soler

Publications and source records attributed to L Soler.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[The virtual university applied to telesurgery: from tele-education to telemanipulation].

The advent of new computer technologies can appear as a revolution in surgical teaching, as well as in the planing and realization of surgical procedures. The introduction of a camera into the body of a patient, allowing the visual display of the operative procedure through the use of a miniaturized camera, constitutes the greatest change that the surgical world has experienced at the end of this century: mini-invasive surgery is born. This revolution also predicts further changes: the development of telecommunication devices applied to medicine (tele-education, tele-training, tele-mentoring, tele-proctoring and tele-accreditation), constitutes the basis of cybersurgery or virtual reality allowing the merging of the concepts of tele-presence and telemanipulation. These new concepts were developed at the European Institute of TeleSurgery at Strasbourg. The TESUS project developed the use of surgical images and data transmission through the realization of international multi-site video conferences between surgeons. The WEBS project created the first virtual university concept by placing surgical techniques at the surgeon's disposal through the Internet. The HESSOS project uses virtual reality as a surgical simulation system. The MASTER project allows the development of the concept of distant telemanipulation. It is now possible to face surgical teaching outside of the restricted University framework, and to conceive teaching on a world-wide level, offering the practitioner unimaginable possibilities of formation, training and the planning of surgical procedures.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1999

Long-term follow-up of endoluminal grafting for aneurysmal and occlusive disease in the superficial femoral artery.

PURPOSE: To examine the long-term outcome of patients treated with endoluminal grafts (ELGs) for aneurysmal and occlusive disease in the femoropopliteal (FP) segment. METHODS: ELGs of radially expandable polytetrafluoroethylene with terminal Palmaz stents were used to form intimal conduits to revascularize lengthy occlusive disease and exclude aneurysms in the FP segment. Patient records were reviewed retrospectively for outcome. RESULTS: Fifty-five (98%) of 56 ELGs were placed successfully in 51 patients treated from August 1993 to February 1996. Over a mean 36-month follow-up, 28 (50%) ELGs occluded. Half of these failures reflected early technical difficulties. There were 11 (20%) stent stenoses, 6 in the proximal stent and 5 in the distal device. The majority of the graft failures were treated with endovascular techniques; however, FP bypass was required in 7 (25%) patients, while 2 (7%) were not treated. Life-table analysis demonstrated 46% primary and 68% secondary patency rates at 24 months. Among demographic and procedural variables, only previous dilation or stent procedures in the target artery was associated with failure (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prototype ELG used in this series demonstrated durability similar to conventional surgical therapy utilizing synthetic material. Endoluminal grafting of FP lesions may be a more durable alternative to classical bypass once devices and techniques are refined.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[The Virtual University applied to telesurgery: from tele-education to tele-manipulation].

The advent of new computer technologies appears as a revolution of surgical teaching, as well as the planning and realisation of surgical procedures. The introduction of a camera into the body of a patient, allowing the visual display of the operative procedure through the use of miniaturised camera constitutes the greatest alteration that the surgical world has experienced at the end of this century: mini-invasive surgery is born. This revolution was announces further changes: the development of telecommunication devices applied to medicine (tele-education, teletraining, telementoring, teleproctoring and tele-accreditation) constitutes the basis of cybersurgery or virtual reality allowing the merging of the concepts of telepresence and telemanipulation. These new concepts were developed at the European Institute of TeleSurgery of Strasbourg. The TESUS project developed the use of surgical images and data transmission through the realisation of international multi-site video conferences between surgeons. The WEBS project created the first Virtual University concept placing surgical techniques at the surgeon's disposal through Internet. The HESSOS project uses virtual reality as a surgical simulation system. The MASTER project allows to develop the concept of distant telemanipulation. It is now possible to face surgical teaching outside of the restricted University frame and to conceive teaching on a world level, offering to the practitioner unimaginable possibilities of formation, training and planning of surgical procedures.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1999

Symptomatology and development of urolithiasis in children with frequency-dysuria syndrome associated with hypercalciuria.

To investigate the long-term outcome of the frequency-dysuria syndrome (FDS) with hypercalciuria (HCU), 19 children (15 girls and 4 boys; age range 15 months to 10 years) who presented with FDS alone (N=9) or with other associated clinical features (N=10; 6 with gross hematuria, 3 with microscopic hematuria and 1 with abdominal pain) were followed-up over 720 patient-months. Calcium loading test indicated absorptive HCU in 12 patients, renal HCU in 2, and in 5 the test was inconclusive. All patients were treated with a standard protocol after diagnosis. During follow-up, FDS recurred in 4 children, gross hematuria in 3, lumbar pain in 5, and 7 children developed urolithiasis within 3 to 60 months. The latter 7 children (4 with absorptive HCU and 1 with renal HCU) tended to be older than the other 12 (7.14 vs 5.08 years; p=0.11) and required a longer time to normalize urinary calcium excretion (16 vs 7 months; p <0.01). The initial urinary calcium excretion was similar between the patients with and those without stones (5.53 vs 5.6 mg/kg/d). In all other parameters measured, there were no statistically significant differences between the patients who initially presented with FDS alone and those with FDS accompanied with other urinary symptoms. We conclude that HCU and FDS in children can vary considerably in the clinical mode of presentation as well as its sequels. Significant risk for urolithiasis burdens the children who require a longer time (>12 months) to normalize their hypercalciuria.

Calcium↗
PubMed1996

Comparison study of broth macrodilution and microdilution antifungal susceptibility tests for the filamentous fungi.

An evaluation of broth dilution antifungal susceptibility tests was performed by determining both the micro- and macrodilution MICs of amphotericin B, fluconazole, ketoconazole, 5-fluorocytosine, miconazole, and itraconazole against representative species of opportunistic hyphomycetes (Fusarium spp. and Cladosporium [Cladophialophora] spp.) and ascomycetes (Chaetomium spp.). A total of 78 strains were tested, the majority of them twice and some three times on different days. Both methods were performed according to the recommendations of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (Document M27-P), with the exception of the temperature of incubation, which was 25 degrees C in our case. A spectrophotometric method for inoculum preparation, RPMI 1640 medium buffered with morpholinepropanesulfonic acid (pH 7.0), and an additive drug dilution procedure were used. The MICs obtained by the two methods were read after 48, 72, and 96 h of incubation for Fusarium spp. and after 72, 96, and 120 h for the remaining isolates. The kappa test was used to calculate the degree of agreement. Considering the three fungal groups together, a good agreement between the results of both tests was observed with almost all the drugs at the different incubation times. There were no cases of poor agreement. The highest level (kappa index = 1) was observed with ketoconazole at the second-day reading. These results support the further evaluation of the broth microdilution test as an alternative to the reference broth macrodilution susceptibility test.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1995

Pathogenicity and antifungal susceptibility of Chaetomium species.

Several reports have been published implicating Chaetomium spp. as opportunistic pathogens. A critical review of these cases was made, and the majority of the responsible strains were studied. Chaetomium globosum was the most common species, being isolated in at least nine clinical cases of infection. Some of these clinical isolates and others from environmental sources were tested against six antifungal agents (5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole, amphotericin B, itraconazole, ketoconazole and miconazole). The 23 strains tested were totally resistant to the first two drugs, and none of the other antifungal agents demonstrated fungicidal activity. There were no significant differences between the susceptibility of the clinical strains and the other strains.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1987

In vivo induction of sister chromatid exchanges in mice by nitrosated coal dust extract.

The genotoxicity of coal dust extract nitrosated with sodium nitrite (NaNO2) was investigated in mice with the in vivo sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay system. The SCEs in bone marrow cells of mice were examined following single and double oral dosings of coal dust extract, NaNO2, and nitrosated coal dust extract. Coal dust extract and NaNO2 separately did not cause significant increases of SCEs either in single or in double dosings. Nitrosated coal dust extract in single doses did not increase SCEs but in two doses significant increases in SCEs were observed (P less than 0.02). The mutagenicity of the same extracts was tested in Salmonella typhimurium with the Ames tester strain TA98. Coal dust extract was either non- or weakly mutagenic and NaNO2 was nonmutagenic. The nitrosated coal dust extract caused pronouced increases in his+ revertants both with and without rat liver S9 activation. These findings provide additional evidence that nitrosation of ingested coal dust which may occur in the stomach environment could be one of the factors leading to the higher incidence of gastric cancer in coal miners.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Benign congenital myopathy with type I fiber predominance and rare "cores" in the asymptomatic mother. Association with malformations of the midline (author's transl)].

The case of a 20 year-old female with a congenital myopathy and multiple midline malformations (cranio-facial dysplasia with cleft-palate, cervical and dorsal vertebral blocks and sacro-lumbar spina bifida) is reported. A muscle biopsy showed only a predominance of type I fibres (97,3 p. 100). A muscle biopsy from the asymptomatic mother showed a predominance of type I fibres (95 p. 100) and a small number of fibres (less than 5 p. 100) with central or peripheral cores. Other fibres showed subsarcolemnic mitochondrial aggregates and slight architectural alterations. These findings confirm the variable histological patterns in benign congenital myopathies and emphasize the usefulness of studying the asymptomatic parents of such patients in whom a predominance of type I fibres is the only change present in the muscle biopsy.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

[A study of 14 cases of Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis, including two pathological reports and seven cases investigated by computer tomography (author's transl)].

The authors studied 9 girls and 5 boys, with ages ranging from 9 months to 26 years, suffering from Bournevilles tuberous sclerosis, for an average period of 7 years. The various types of epileptic attacks and their progression were studied as well as the degree of mental retardation. Only two of the children had a normal IQ. The accepted value of computer tomography examinations in this disease is confirmed. Pathological examinations were conducted in two cases, one complete (autopsy) and one partially only (histological examination of a paraventricular tumor removed by operation).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Sensory-motor intermittent claudication syndrome of the cauda equina. Etiopathogenetic study of 25 cases].

The twenty-five patients with the intermittent claudication syndrome of th cauda equina included 19 men and 6 women aged from 23 to 70 years. The results of operation were very good in 16 cases, with improvement in 6 others and failure in 3 cases. There are various mechanisms which can cause the stenosis. The authors stress the importance of congenital vertebral abnormalities and the presence of apophyseal appendices which, at the present time, have not been considered responsible.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative in vivo and in vitro genotoxicity studies of airborne particle extract in mice.

The genotoxicity of an acetone extract of locally collected airborne particles was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using the sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) assay in mice. At the highest concentration (5.36 mg/5 ml culture), the extract caused approximately a 3-fold increase in SCEs over controls in mouse bone marrow and spleen primary cells in vitro. However, the same airborne particle extract did not induce a significant increase in the SCE level over controls in vivo in mouse bone marrow and spleen cells when administered intraperitoneally or through oral gavage. This indicates that bone marrow and spleen primary cell cultures can be used in in vitro genotoxicity studies of complex mixtures, and that the genotoxicity of airborne particles detected in the in vitro system cannot always be detected in vivo with the same cell types. In addition, the same acetone extract of airborne particles caused dose-related his+ revertants in the strain TA98 of Salmonella typhimurium, both with and without S9 activation. The significant finding of this study is that the in vitro genotoxicity results of airborne particle extract may not be very meaningful in an in vivo situation.

Air Pollutants↗