Erythrocyte sedimentation rate values in active tuberculosis with and without HIV co-infection.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
L Southern
Publications and source records attributed to L Southern.
Results of the first U.S. double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical study in asthma with pranlukast, a novel leukotriene receptor antagonist.
Pranlukast (SB 205312; ONO-1078), a potent, orally active selective cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA), was developed in Japan for the treatment of asthma. This article reports results of the initial U.S. clinical evaluation of pranlukast. The primary objective of this multicenter study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of pranlukast administered at doses of 337.5 mg b.i.d. and 450 mg b.i.d. in 65 patients with mild to moderate asthma. Pranlukast, a novel LTRA, is safe and well tolerated at doses of 337.5 mg b.i.d. and 450 mg b.i.d. Pranlukast has demonstrated clinical activity in patients with asthma.
Adult↗
Neonatal tumours: a thirty-year population-based study.
Estimates of the incidence and outcome of tumours in neonates are uncertain and most reports relate to selected experience in single centres. The definition of neonatal tumour is also unclear and histology is not always an accurate predictor of outcome. This report documents the incidence, clinical features, and outcome of neonatal tumours (birth-3 months) in a population-based paediatric register over a 30-year period from 1960-89. Case note and pathology review identified 170 cases for analysis, of which 21 were leukaemias, 14 CNS tumours, and 135 solid tumours of differing types. Fifty-eight percent were diagnosed in the first month and mature teratoma was the most common diagnosis (29%). Overall incidence increased over the period of the study. Important family medical history was identified in 16% of cases and 15% of patients had associated congenital abnormalities. Overall survival at 1 year was 55%, with leukaemia having the poorest prognosis. Treatment strategies must be individualised but many patients may have a better prognosis than expected and would benefit from assessment at a designated paediatric oncology centre.
Age Distribution↗
Once daily triamcinolone acetonide nasal spray is effective for the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study was conducted in 11 centers to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a once-a-day regimen of 110 micrograms, 220 micrograms; and 440 micrograms of triamcinolone acetonide intranasal aerosol versus placebo in relieving the symptoms of rhinitis in 305 adult and older pediatric patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Nasal stuffiness, nasal discharge, sneezing, nasal itching and the nasal index (the sum of the mean scores of the first three symptoms) averaged over the first 6 weeks and second 6 weeks of the study were significantly reduced in patients who received the 220 micrograms/day and the 440 micrograms/day dosages. The 110 micrograms/day group had a reduction in these nasal symptoms, but only the sneezing and nasal index were significantly (P less than .05) better than placebo. During the last 6 weeks of the study, patients were allowed to take oral back-up medication for their nasal symptoms; all three groups receiving triamcinolone nasal aerosol took less back-up medication than did the placebo group. There were no significant adverse effects or laboratory abnormalities noted during this study. Intranasal triamcinolone acetonide 220 micrograms and 440 micrograms, used once-a-day for 12 weeks is clinically and statistically superior to placebo for the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis.
Administration, Intranasal↗
Multicenter evaluation of triamcinolone acetonide nasal aerosol in the treatment of adult patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Triamcinolone acetonide aerosol inhalation therapy is effective for the prophylactic treatment of asthma. Recently, the delivery system for this preparation has been modified for use in allergic rhinitis. A total of 180 adult patients with symptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Patients received either placebo or approximately 25 mg per actuation of triamcinolone acetonide aerosol per nostril, qid, for 4 weeks. Each patient kept a daily diary rating rhinitis symptoms. Both the patient and the physician also gave global evaluations of drug efficacy. Of 168 evaluable patients, significant reductions were seen at week 1, week 2, and in the overall study evaluation of ratings for intensity (P less than .001) and duration (P less than .05) of various rhinitis symptoms such as nasal stuffiness, discharge, and sneezing in the group given triamcinolone acetonide. Superiority to placebo group was evident as early as day 1 and maintained throughout the study. Both patients and physicians rated triamcinolone acetonide as significantly more effective than placebo for the duration of the study (P less than .001). There was a marked reduction in nasal smear eosinophils in the triamcinolone acetonide group. There was no difference between groups in safety evaluations including no evidence of suppression of the adrenal axis and no evidence of fungal infection. This study demonstrates that triamcinolone acetonide in a dose of 25 micrograms per nostril, qid, is effective, well tolerated, and safe in reducing symptoms in adult patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Administration, Intranasal↗