Several mycoplasma isolation trials were performed on infertile goose eggs and goose embryos which died during incubation, as well as on geese of different ages. A total of 43 out of 110 goose eggs proved to be contaminated by mycoplasmas. Upon autopsy of birds which laid positive eggs, lesions were observed in the airsacs. Mycoplasmas could be isolated from their air sacs and oviduct. Four out of 15 strains examined biochemically and serologically with antisera prepared against all known avian mycoplasma species were identified as Acholeplasma laidlawii and A. axanthum, respectively. Two strains proved to be glucose-positive and arginine-negative and 9 were glucose-negative but arginine-positive. Some strains caused 50-80% mortality among embryos inoculated intra-yolk-sac at 12 days. In goslings inoculated at the age of 3 days with these strains, we observed fibrinous airsacculitis and peritonitis. By inoculating laying geese with one of the strains, we demonstrated decreasing egg production, increasing early-embryo mortality and egg transmission of mycoplasmas.

Acholeplasma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Simultaneous treatment of chickens with salinomycin and tiamulin in feed.

Laboratory and field experiments involving more than 100,000 birds were performed to assess the effect of simultaneous in-feed medication of chickens with salinomycin and tiamulin at various concentrations. In an artificial infection study with Mycoplasma gallisepticum, low levels of tiamulin (10-40 ppm) did not induce signs of ionophore intoxication with salinomycin at 60 ppm in the feed, whereas levels of 50 ppm caused early signs with a mild growth depression. A level of 20 ppm gave a maximum average improvement in growth rate of 12.5%. There was a dose-related response in mycoplasma lesion inhibition, with 50 ppm reducing lesions by 75%. In the two field trials, chickens suffering from mycoplasmosis complicated with infectious bronchitis and receiving 60 ppm salinomycin in the feed showed marked improvements in mortality rates, lesion scores, and feed-conversion efficiency when tiamulin was added at 20 ppm and 30 ppm in the feed. There were no signs of incompatibility between the two antibiotics at these levels.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence of diseases due to Mycoplasma bovis in a cattle herd. II. Experimental therapy of the pneumo-arthritis syndrome of calves.

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Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of human and animal Ureaplasmas by one- and two-dimensional protein analysis on polyacrylamide slab gel.

The proteins of twelve serologically distinct ureaplasma strains of human origin, eleven of bovine origin and seven from other animal species were examined by one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by two-dimensional analysis. About 40 bands were seen in the protein profiles and more than 100 spots were detected on the protein maps. The human ureaplasmas differentiated into two distinct groups: group A comprised serotypes 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8 (of Black), serotype 9 (of Robertson and Stemke) and strains K2 and U24 (of Lin and Kass); group B comprised serotypes 1, 3 and 6 (of Black) and strain U26 (of Lin and Kass). The bovine strains were subdivided into three groups: group A was formed by a cluster of related strains (Mmb167, Bu2, A417, T45, T95 and T288) which could be further divided into three sub-groups; group B comprised strains T74 and T44 and group C, strains T315, T71 and D48. These findings were consistent with the known serological clusterings. The bovine ureaplasma strains were distinct from the human strains. This, in addition to the known difference in the G + C content of human and bovine ureaplasmas, indicates that it would be reasonable to formulate a species name for the latter. Ureaplasmas from other animal species could be allotted to five groups which corresponded to the animal species of origin. The marmoset ureaplasmas were different from those of the squirrel-monkey, and both were different from all other ureaplasmas. On the other hand, the ureaplasmas from the talapoin monkey, chicken and chimpanzee formed a cluster which seemed related to human ureaplasmas of group A, the chimpanzee ureaplasma being the most closely related.

Animals↗