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Biomedical subjects

L Stockinger

Publications and source records attributed to L Stockinger.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Intracellular axonemes within ciliated cells in the tracheal epithelium of domestic pigs.

Extended aggregates of intracellular axonemal derivatives can be seen within the apical cytoplasm of ciliated cells of apparently healthy domestic pigs. Such alterations were observed in 15 out of 20 animals. Complete (9 + 2) or incomplete (8 + 2 - 5 + 2) intracellular axonemes were found which sometimes arose from mature, irregularly arranged kinetosomes. In addition, bundles of single microtubules and microtubular pairs were found. In previous investigations on the ciliated epithelium of different mammals, intracellular axonemes were investigated only under pathological or experimental conditions. Our findings indicate that these alterations also occur in healthy animals. The extended aggregates of intracellular axonemal derivatives are more likely to be due to a failure of ciliary maturation than to a degradation of incorporated mature cilia.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The technique of taking brush biopsies of the nasal mucosa for electron microscopy.

Patients suffering from symptoms suggestive of a disorder of mucociliary clearance should be subjected to electron microscopic examination of the ciliated respiratory epithelium. Provided that all crucial points regarding technique and storage are adhered to, brush biopsy of the nasal mucosa is a reliable method facilitating the electron microscopical diagnosis of primary disorders of the ciliated epithelium.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1991

Ultrastructural localization of microtubule-associated proteins (MAP) 1 in cilia of the respiratory tract.

The presence and localization of high molecular weight microtubule-associated proteins of the MAP 1 class in ciliated cells of porcine and rat respiratory tract was studied by immunoblotting and immunoelectron microscopy. Ciliary shafts of the porcine tracheal epithelium were isolated using a method that minimizes contamination of the preparation by other cellular fragments and fat. Immunoblotting with rabbit antibodies to bulk MAP 1 from hog brain clearly revealed the presence of anti-MAP 1-immunoreactive high molecular weight proteins of the MAP 1 size in these preparations. To localize MAP 1 proteins at the ultrastructural level, rat and porcine tracheal epithelia were embedded in LR White and subjected to immunogold electron microscopy. Anti-MAP 1-immunoreactive material was found at ciliary shafts and basal bodies, but not at basal feet or ciliary rootlets. Interestingly, the necklace region between the shaft and the basal body of the cilium was hardly reactive with anti-MAP 1 antibodies. This may indicate a reduced stability of ciliary microtubules in this region and could be an explanation why ciliary shafts in general break more easily there than elsewhere.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Pathophysiology of the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory mucosa in humans. Disorders of ciliogenesis.

If we want to interpret morphological alterations of the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract, we have to consider the physiological differentiation of ciliated cells and cilia. For this, we suggest a system in which disorders are distinguished at three distinct arrest levels of the ciliary development: (1) Disorders in the production of procentrioles (secondary centrioles) lead to partial or total aplasia of the ciliary apparatus. (2) Disorders in the development of kinetosomes from secondary centrioles result in a reduced number of cilia and malformations of ciliary components. (3) Disorders in the outgrowth of cilia result in morphological abnormalities of the peripheral ciliary shaft (i.e., immotile cilia syndrome). We suppose that at all three arrest levels hereditary factors may be important, whereas at levels 2 and 3 exogenous influences may cause these alterations too. Correlation between morphology and clinical status is made difficult by conditions of auxiliary mechanisms, like cough, which compensate the mucociliary dysfunctions. For the purpose of morphometric evaluation of the biopsies we established a method of light microscopical semiquantitative analysis of brush biopsies. The regenerative power of the ciliary apparatus with respect to these frequently observed abnormalities is discussed.

Cilia↗
PubMed1989

[Chronic dysplasia of the respiratory ciliary epithelium].

We report on a 14-year-old Turkish boy who suffered for more than seven years from recurrent pneumonia and bronchiectases. This led to the surgical removal of the left lower lobe. Brush biopsies taken from the bronchus and nose revealed severe dysmorphy of the ciliary epithelium with an altered cell-distribution of the normal surface pattern.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1988

Amianthoid (asbestoid) transformation: electron microscopical studies on aging human costal cartilage.

The present study reports on the fine structure of human costal cartilage at different ages in order to obtain information on the morphogenesis of amianthoid fibers. Our results reveal an overall increase of collagen fibril diameter with increasing age, even in areas with no signs of amianthoid transformation. Ultrastructural evidence is presented that this increase in diameter is due to a gathering of the preexisting collagen fibrils. The age-related change in collagen fibril diameter is paralleled by changes in the composition and ultrastructural appearance of cartilage proteoglycans (as revealed by acridine orange staining). Acridine-orange-positive filaments indicative for proteoglycans are markedly reduced in size with advancing age in centrally located regions of costal cartilage. Treatment with testicular hyaluronidase previous to acridine-orange staining leaves these small proteoglycan filaments unaffected. By contrast, the filaments visible after acridine-orange staining in the extracellular matrix near to the perichondrium are susceptible to hyaluronidase treatment. Infrequently, a sharp increase in collagen fibril diameter can be observed in territorial matrix areas of degenerating chondrocytes. This observation is conspicuous at ages of 10 and 20 years. Amianthoid transformation is characterized by the appearance of collagen fibrils strictly arranged in parallel. These amianthoid fibers are embedded in a matrix rich in small acridine-orange-positive filaments similar to the proteoglycan filaments observed in centrally located matrix regions. It can be concluded that extensive remodelling not only of the collagen fibrils but also of the cartilage proteoglycans is involved in the development of amianthoid transformation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Glycocalyceal bodies--a marker for different epithelial cell types in human airways.

The surface epithelium of the mucosa of the nose, sinus maxillaris, trachea and bronchi of the human respiratory tract has been investigated with respect to surface differentiations, glycocalyx and glycocalyceal bodies. The luminal surface mainly is formed by ciliated, undifferentiated, and secretory cells; occasionally metaplastic epithelial regions, composed of flattened squamous cells are found. Ciliated cells as well as differentiating progenitor cells, recognizable by branched, microvillus-like surface differentiations - 'cytofila' which on mature ciliated cells are interposed between the cilia, exhibit a delicate glycocalyx. On the contrary, secretory, undifferentiated, and metaplastic squamous cells possess unbranched microvilli of different length and diameter, and exhibit a prominent glycocalyx of varying, individual expression. These latter cell types, in healthy control persons as well as in patients suffering from different diseases, showed glycocalyceal bodies. By means of the high number of investigated samples, more than 350, the occurrence and distribution of glycocalyceal bodies could be defined more exactly: in all investigated regions of the human respiratory tract--nose, sinus maxillaris, trachea, and bronchi--glycocalyceal bodies were found at the apical surface of undifferentiated cells, secretory cells, and metaplastic squamous cells; ciliated cells and their differentiating progenitor cells never showed glycocalyceal bodies; glycocalyceal bodies were found likewise in healthy control persons as well as in patients suffering from different diseases of the airways.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1987

Histochemistry of the extracellular matrix of aging hyaline cartilage.

Cartilage proteoglycans (PGs) exhibit marked structural changes with increasing age. There is an increase in small PGs rich in KS as compared to larger PGs rich in chondroitin sulfate (CS) with increasing age. In the present study investigations have been performed to obtain more detailed information about the distribution of different glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Changes were observed in the interterritorial matrix by means of ultrastructural visualization of PGs with acridin orange. The changes in the ultrastructural organization of the interterritorial matrix of costal cartilage are followed by significant changes in its mechanical properties.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1986

Lectin-binding affinities of the epithelium in the respiratory tract. A light microscopical study of ciliated epithelium in rat, guinea pig, and hamster.

Complex carbohydrate components of surface coat and secretory granules were investigated in the laryngo-tracheo-bronchial epithelium of 3 laboratory animals (rat, guinea pig, and Syrian hamster). 2 groups of epithelial cells were distinguished in the light microscope: ciliated cells and non-ciliated cells. The latter mainly represent secretory cells and are subdivided into serous and mucous secretory cells. Apical glycocalix: In the rat, ciliated cells possess a significant number of Con A, RCA I, and WGA receptors, and a smaller number of UEA I binding sites. In hamsters and in guinea pigs additional binding sites for HPA could be demonstrated. The apical glycocalix of the non-ciliated cells in the rat evince marked staining with RCA I, WGA, and HPA, and less intensive binding of UEA I. In guinea pigs and in hamsters, the presence of additional Con A receptors was noted. Basolateral glycocalix: The basolateral surface coat of ciliated and non-ciliated cells shows identical lectin binding affinities. In the rat, the basolateral glycocalix binds RCA I; in the guinea pig, in addition, positive staining with UEA I and HPA is observed; in the hamster, the basolateral surface coat is outlined by RCA I and HPA receptors. Secretory products: Secretory granules of mucous cells in the rat react with Con A, UEA I and HPA lectins. In guinea pigs, these substances also bind RCA I and WGA lectins. Mucous granules in the secretory cells of the hamster are positive for Con A, RCA I, and HPA lectins. Granules of non-ciliated serous cells of rats bind Con A, UEA I, and HPA lectins. In the guinea pig, this reaction is weaker for UEA I lectin but comparable for Con A and HPA binding. A positive reaction with RCA I lectin only is found in the serous secretory granules of the hamster.

Alcian Blue↗
PubMed1984

Light and electron microscopic identification of elastic, elaunin and oxytalan fibers in human tracheal and bronchial mucosa.

The elastic fiber system in the human tracheal and bronchial mucosa was studied by light and electron microscopy. Elastic fibers, elaunin fibers, and oxytalan fibers were discerned. These fibers were identified by means of their staining characteristics (elastica stains, methods for disulfide-groups) and on account of their fine structural morphology. Elastic fibers consist of elastin and few "elastic-fiber microfibrils". The relative amount of elastin (compared to the amount of elastic-fiber microfibrils) is large in elastic fibers but small in elaunin fibers. Oxytalan fibers - by contrast - are pure bundles of microfibrils. In the light microscope a well-defined elastic lamina separates the lamina propria and the submucosa of the normal mucous membrane. The elastic lamina is formed by coarse strands of longitudinally running elastic fibers. A delicate network of elastica-positive fibers is attached to the basement membrane of the epithelial layer (subepithelial elastic layer). A few of these elastica-positive fibers branch out, traverse the region of the thickened basement membrane, and insert into the basal lamina of the epithelium. A loose network of elastica-positive fibers is present both in the lamina propria and in the submucosa. Plates of cartilage, glandular epithelium, and bundles of smooth muscle cells are enveloped by delicate elastica-positive fibers. Electron microscopy shows the lamina elastica to be predominantly composed of elastic fibers, whilst elaunin fibers form the subepithelial elastic layer. Fibers penetrating the thickened basement membrane of the epithelium are identified as oxytalan fibers. All three types of fibers are present throughout the lamina propria and in the submucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Activation and cell-aggregation of mononucleus cells after short-term stimulation with mitogen and tuberculin].

The aim of the study was the description of morphological changes in mononukleated cells after short-term stimulation by mitogen and tuberculin visible by light- and electronmicroscopy and in differences between nucleus areas measured by planimetry. Already 1 hr. after p.h.a. stimulation lymphocytes forme clusters in which the mononucleated cells were present mostly as irritated and exhausted cells. In PPD-stimulated lymphocytes clusters were formed after 16 to 24 hrs. These cells were activated. Within clusters strong intercellular contacts were visible using the electron-microscopy. The results of planimetry in regard to nucleus areas of lymphocytes and monocytes were significantly dependent from the kind of mitogen or antigen and the duration of incubation time (analysis of variance).

Cell Aggregation↗
PubMed1977

[Myocardial involvement in a special form of Erb's muscular dystrophy (type Becker-Kiener) (author's transl)].

A 22-year-old man with cardiac symptoms had been treated for myocarditis for two years. But the clinical course and special tests, including isoenzyme measurements, electromyography, peripheral muscle and myocardial biopsy, established the diagnosis of X chromosome-linked muscular dystrophy (type Becker-Kiener) with an associated cardiomyopathy (raised left-ventricular end-diastolic pressure). Light- and electron-microscopic studies of the (right ventricular) myocardial biopsy revealed degenerative changes like those seen in peripheral muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Teratologic-neurotoxicologic studies on biglumide (K-2004) and thalidomide].

Comparison of the teratogenic and neurotoxic influence of thalidomide with the new hypnosedative preparation Biglumide (K-2004) revealed significant differences. Malformations could be seen only after treatment with thalidomide. Some results concerning the thalidomide-treated group of animals could be interpreted as a retardation of development in the posterior root ganglia.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Morton's metatarsalgia. Light and electron microscopic observations and their relation to entrapment neuropathies.

The dissected plantar nerves of 105 patients with clinical symptoms of Morton's disease were examined under light and electron microscopy. Of the 105 cases, 75 showed characteristic neuronal lesions; in the others different pathologic substrates responsible for the clinical symptoms could be demonstrated. The nervous lesions are characterized by: 1. Thickening of the walls of the endoneurial vessels produced by multiple layers of basement membranes. 2. Edema and sclerosis of the endoneurium. In the electron microscope the endoneurium was filled by deposits of fibrils with a tubular substructure and a diameter of 100-110 A. 3. Thickening of the perineurium. 4. Degeneration of the nerve fibers without signs of wallerian degeneration or obvious reactive Schwann's cell hyperplasia. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms of Morton's disease and some clinical problems are discussed.

Adult↗