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Biomedical subjects

L Stogdale

Publications and source records attributed to L Stogdale.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Definition of diabetes mellitus.

The nomenclature of human diabetes mellitus (DM) has been revised, and this classification has been accepted throughout the medical world and literature. The major categories of diabetes are: insulin-dependent DM, type I or IDDM; noninsulin-dependent DM, type II or NIDDM; secondary DM or type S; impaired glucose tolerance, IGT; gestational diabetes; and previous abnormality of glucose tolerance, PrevAGT. A review of the literature has shown that over half of the documented diabetic dogs, with a single medical diagnosis, appear to be type I, IDDM, with a substantial proportion being type S, and the remainder being type II, NIDDM. Obesity is frequently associated with IGT and NIDDM. Diabetic cats most commonly have pancreatic islet destruction associated with pancreatic amyloidosis; they are insulin deficient, IDDM. The commonest causes of secondary diabetes in dogs are pancreatic damage, hyperadrenocorticism and hypersomatotropism secondary to persistent progesterone influence. Progestogen therapy is the most frequently reported cause of secondary diabetes in cats. Diabetes in horses is type S, usually secondary to a functional pituitary tumor but occasionally following chronic pancreatitis. The blood glucose ranges for normal, IGT and diabetic animals, and the normal serum insulin values of various species is tabulated.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Personal computer word processing for veterinary article writing: selecting a suitable word processing program.

Word processing makes the writing and altering of scientific articles faster, easier, and more accurate. Personal computers that are ideally suited to this use are now available. The major problem affecting the veterinarian who wishes to purchase a personal computer word processing system, is that of spending the time to acquire sufficient information in order to choose the computer and the programs that will be appropriate to his or her requirements. These will include the specialized word processing demands of scientific article writing and many other applications, as applicable. Despite this obstacle, the acquisition of a personal computer and a suitable word processing program, soon results in time saving. The use of the computer for many other tasks logically follows. An additional benefit is the understanding of computers, their abilities and their limitations--a decided benefit in the 1980s.

Computers↗
PubMed1984

Personal computer word processing for veterinary article writing: personal computers and printers.

Word processing makes the writing and altering of scientific articles faster, easier, and more accurate. Personal computers that are ideally suited to this use are now available. Certain factors must be taken into consideration when a system is selected with word processing in mind. A small business computer or a suitable transportable computer, linked to a printer, provides all the hardware, or machinery, necessary. This, along with a sufficiently powerful word processing program, and all the essential accessories, can be purchased for between $2,300 and $6,000. The editors of all (with one uncertain) 29 clinical veterinary and medical journals surveyed will accept articles written by the dense dot matrix or near-correspondence quality printers that frequently accompany personal computers. The major problem affecting the veterinarian who wishes to purchase a personal computer word processing system is that of spending the time to acquire sufficient information in order to choose the computer and the programs that will be appropriate to his or her requirements. These will include the specialized word processing demands of scientific article writing and many other applications, as appropriate.

Computers↗
PubMed1984

Some monitoring and treatment equipment for small animals.

Previously used and sterilized fluid administration tubes, bottles and bags were utilized to replace expensive equipment. Urine output and central venous pressure can be readily monitored and thoracic or abdominal fluid can be easily drained using the equipment described.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Correlation of changes in blood chemistry with pathological changes in the animal's body: I. Serum nutrients and proteins.

The usefulness of laboratory tests is discussed, with emphasis placed on the correlation of the results with the clinical findings. The advantages and disadvantages of clinical chemistry and the precautions necessary when collecting the blood sample are delineated. Brief consideration is given to selecting the laboratory, the normal range, and the knowledge essential for interpretation of the results. The concentrations of the blood constituents are considered relative to the rate of release from cells, the method of transport in the blood, and the rate of removal from the blood. The physiological and pathological alterations in these factors dictate blood chemistry results. The physiologic influences on the concentrations of blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and plasma free fatty acids are considered. The causes of physiologic and pathologic increases and decreases in these blood constituents are discussed. Serum triglyceride concentrations are usually performed for an objective assessment of intestinal fat absorption. The principal causes of inadequate absorption are mentioned. The changes in the concentrations of total serum protein, albumin, the various globulin fractions, fibrinogen and prothrombin are non-specific but are frequently valuable diagnostic aids. The physiological and pathological influences on these parameters are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Correlation of changes in blood chemistry with pathological changes in the animal's body: II Electrolytes, kidney function tests, serum enzymes, and liver function tests.

The numerous physiological and nutritional factors which influence the concentration of serum calcium are considered. The causes of hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia are briefly discussed, with particular reference to the clinical symptoms and pathology. The effect of the acid-base status on the serum-ionized calcium level is stressed. The causes of changes in the serum concentrations of phosphorus and magnesium are briefly reviewed, along with the abnormalities of lactate, pyruvate, and hydrogen ion concentrations. The kidney function tests, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and the renal clearance tests are discussed, with emphasis placed on correlating their results with the findings from repeated urinalyses. The important physiologic influences and pathological processes which result in changes in the concentrations of these parameters are delineated. The causes of increases in the serum enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, asparate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, creatinine phosphokinase, amylase and lipase are discussed. The changes in serum bilirubin concentration and its components are fully described, with emphasis placed on the correlation of the findings with urinalysis data and the complexities resulting from the numerous pathologic conditions causing jaundice. These conditions are listed for each of the domestic animals. The other liver function tests, bromosulphthalein dye retention or excretion, serum uric acid and blood ammonia concentration are briefly considered. All the tests described are very useful, and frequently essential, in aiding the veterinary practitioner to arrive at a diagnosis and prognosis, but they never replace clinical acumen.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Obesity in a dog, with secondary hormonal imbalance.

Obesity in dogs is frequently encountered by veterinarians. The history, clinical and laboratory findings of an overweight dog are described. Overfeeding of an all-meat diet resulted in obesity, and subclinical nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism. The obesity caused fatigue, decreased cardiac performance, respiratory embarrassment, skin lesions, prediabetes and increased glucocorticoid level. A balanced diet fed in limited amounts, and exercise, resulted in a marked loss of weight and an improvement in the dog's health. The practical control of canine obesity is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The diagnosis and treatment of canine hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism in dogs should be diagnosed by integrating the history, clinical symptoms and thyroid hormone assay. Affected dogs have a slow onset of decreased activity, cold intolerance, and skin changes of thickening and mild hyperpigmentation. The hair coat becomes dry and coarse, and alopecia develops in friction areas. The non-specific clinico-pathological changes of a mild anaemia and hypercholesterolaemia do not occur consistently. The easiest and best documented thyroid hormone assay is serum thyroxine (T4). The most accurate diagnosis is made using either the thyrotropin (TSH) stimulation test or thyroid gland biopsy. The condition is controlled by thyroxine replacement therapy at a dose rate of 30--50 mcg/kg/day in 2 divided doses, for the life of the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Foreleg lameness in rapidly growing dogs.

Foreleg lameness caused by the interaction of diet and rapid growth rate is all too frequently encountered in the large and giant breeds of dogs. In this paper, the influence of rapid growth rate and growth hormone on bone formation is briefly considered. The importance causes of this problem are discussed. These are hypertrophic osteodystrophy, osteodystrophy II, retained enchondral cartilage cores, panosteitis an nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism. Rickets and hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy are also considered. Emphasis is placed on the aetiology, radiographic diagnosis and rational treatment. A case report of a 6-month-old Great Dane with osteodystrophy II and retained enchondral cartilage cores in the ulnar metaphyses is presented as an example of such a problem.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Chronic copper poisoning in dairy cows.

Chronic copper poisoning in a dairy herd fed supplementary copper is recorded. Most cows received 11 g of copper sulphate per day but high milk producers received 22.0 g and within 6 months, 3 of them became ill and died. The signs shown by the 3 cows were anorexia, decreased milk production, frequent recumbency and jaundice. Within 4 days of showing signs, the cows died. The autopsy findings were dehydration, anaemia, jaundice, liver damage and intestinal haemorrhage. Liver copper values varied from 1,250 to 2,410 ppm DM.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Chondroma rodens in a dog.

The clinical and pathological characteristics of a chondroma rodens affecting the internal occipital protruberance, cerebellar meninges and the cerebellum of a dog, are described. The principle clinical findings were Horner's syndrome and ataxia. The histopathologic differentiation of this tumour from other fibro-osseous growths, is discussed.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

Canine tetanus.

A report of tetanus in a dog is presented. The symptoms were typical and the dog was successfully treated. The differential diagnoses and the therapy of tetanus are discussed with emphasis on the dose of antitoxin required.

Animals↗