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Biomedical subjects

L T Laatikainen

Publications and source records attributed to L T Laatikainen.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Transscleral contact krypton laser cyclophotocoagulation for treatment of posttraumatic glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of the krypton laser for transscleral contact cyclophotocoagulation in the treatment of posttraumatic glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 18 eyes of 18 patients with therapy-resistant posttraumatic glaucoma treated with krypton laser cyclophotocoagulation from 1991 to 1996 were included in this review. The krypton laser was delivered by a fiberoptic probe with simultaneous compression of the sclera. The energy used was 3 to 5 J per application at the tip of the probe, with an exposure time of 10 seconds. The treatment covered 90 to 360 degrees of the ciliary body with approximately 10 applications per quadrant. RESULTS: With one or more cyclophotocoagulation treatments, the intraocular pressure decreased from the baseline mean (+/- standard deviation) of 32.6 +/- 12.8 mm Hg to 23.6 +/- 10.3 mm Hg (n = 17) at 1 month, to 21.8 +/- 7.5 mm Hg (n = 13) at 3 months, to 22.5 +/- 7.6 mm Hg (n = 13) at 6 months, and to 19.6 +/- 10.5 mm Hg (n = 18) at the last control visit (mean, 19.4 months; range, 3 weeks to 73 months) after cyclophotocoagulation but no other glaucoma procedure. At baseline, 17 (94%) of 18 patients were taking glaucoma medication, as were 15 (83%) of 18 patients at the last control visit. One (6%) case of phthisis occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Krypton laser cyclophotocoagulation is an effective and reasonably well tolerated means of lowering intraocular pressure in posttraumatic glaucoma. Because of the refractory nature of the disease, repeated treatments may be needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Prevalence and risk factors of retinopathy in children with diabetes. A population-based study on Finnish children.

The prevalence of retinopathy in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was studied in a population-based survey on 194 of the 216 subjects (89.8%) with IDDM aged 4.6 to 16.6 years living in the county of Oulu, Finland. The diagnosis of retinopathy was based on fundus photography. The median age of the children was 12.2 years and the median duration of diabetes 4.5 years (range 0.14.2 years). Retinopathy was found in 21 (10.8%) of cases. All of the changes seen were mild and did not require treatment. All the children with retinopathy were pubertal or postpubertal, and an association was found between the presence of retinopathy and the long-term diabetes control, duration of diabetes, age and albuminuria. Logistic regression analysis showed increasing duration of diabetes, puberty and elevated blood glycated haemoglobin to be the main risk factors explaining the occurrence of retinopathy. In patients aged 13-16 years retinopathy was also related to female sex and diastolic blood pressure, but in logistic regression analysis duration of diabetes and glycated haemoglobin were the best predictors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Management of retinal vein occlusion.

Recent research into the relationship between retinal venous occlusion and general vascular disorders has shown that retinal venous occlusion seems to be related only to systemic hypertension. The role of systemic hemorrheologic parameters in the pathophysiology of venous occlusion is a controversial one. Of the various treatment modalities, isovolemic hemodilution has been found to improve retinal perfusion, but the treatment must be repeated about once a week for at least 2 months. The presence of tissue hypoxia in areas of ischemic venous occlusion has been confirmed by measurements of preretinal oxygen pressure in experimental venous occlusion. Reduced preretinal oxygen pressure in these experimental cases normalized after retinal scatter photocoagulation. The inhibiting role of posterior vitreous detachment on posterior segment neovascularization and the fact that panretinal photocoagulation has a better effect on anterior than on posterior segment neovascularization have been evaluated in clinical studies.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1988

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy in connection with acute nephritis.

A relationship between acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) and systemic infections has been suggested. This report presents a case of APMPPE in connection with acute nephritis in a previously healthy man. The disease started with arthralgia, headache, fever, malaise, and lymphadenopathy. During the following 2 weeks, signs of mild nephritis developed. At the same time the patient noticed acute decrease in vision; the visual acuity being 0.08 (20/250) in both eyes. Mild anterior uveitis and areas of pigment epithelial swelling at the posterior pole corresponding to the picture of APMPPE were observed. Four weeks later, the fundus lesions had healed leaving some pigment epithelial atrophy and pigment dispersion in the macula, and the visual acuity was 0.8 (20/25) in the right and 1.0 (20/20) in the left eye. No systemic therapy was given. This case gives support to the theory of general vasculitis as a cause of APMPPE.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Plasmin in subretinal fluid.

Proteolytic activity was studied in subretinal fluid from 56 eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment without vitreous or subretinal hemorrhage. Active plasmin (1.0-15.2 micrograms/ml) was found in 33 eyes and plasmin-inhibitor complexes in 3 eyes. Plasmin was detected more often in large detachments, but there was no clear correlation with the duration of the detachment or characteristics of the holes in the retina. It seems possible that plasmin in subretinal fluid may enhance release of cells from the pigment epithelium by degrading the extracellular matrix and contribute to the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors affecting the visual outcome after cataract surgery.

Postoperative visual outcome and factors related to poor visual acuity three months after cataract surgery were evaluated in 243 cataract patients operated on at the Oulu University Hospital in 1990. The surgical technique used was a planned extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) in 240 cases: a posterior chamber IOL in 231 cases and an anterior chamber IOL in 9 cases. The postoperative visual acuity was 0.5 or better in 74.5% of the eyes, 11.9% (29 eyes) had low vision and 2.4% (6 eyes) were blind. The visual outcome was significantly related to age. The most common causes for low vision or blindness were age related macular degeneration and glaucoma. There was one case of postoperative endophthalmitis but other surgical complications did not result in visual loss. Visually significant posterior capsular opacification was observed in 2.5%, and significant postoperative astigmatism (> or = 3.5 D) was present in 11.1%.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic markers in early diabetic retinopathy of adolescents with type I diabetes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of HLA (human leucocyte antigen) class I (A, B, C) and class II (DR) alleles and familial insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus as possible risk markers for early retinopathy in a population of 103 Finnish adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus for 3.6-16.2 years. Fifty-one of the patients (49.5%) had signs of retinopathy in fundus photographs. HLA DR1 was found in 31% of the subjects with retinopathy, but in only 5% of those without retinopathy (p = 0.02). The corresponding figures for HLA DR1/4 were 17% and 2.6%, respectively (p = 0.22). The frequency of HLA DR3, DR4, or DR3/4 heterozygosity did not differ between the two groups of patients. Signs of early retinopathy showed thus an association with the presence of the HLA DR1 allele, and a mild protective effect of the HLA A9 and B40 alleles was indicated. Other HLA A, B, C, or DR alleles did not have any effect on the risk for early development of retinopathy, neither had a positive family history of type I diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for intraoperative and early postoperative complications in extracapsular cataract surgery.

The risk factors for intraoperative and early postoperative complications were evaluated in 351 consecutive cataract operations at the Oulu University Hospital in 1990. Bleeding into the anterior chamber during the operation was recorded in 8.6%, zonular rupture in 6.6%, posterior capsular rupture in 5.4% and vitreous loss in 3.2%, On account of the loss of capsular support an anterior chamber intraocular lens was implanted in 3.1%. Of the early postoperative complications, signs of fibrinous reaction were observed in 24.5%, corneal edema in 53.6% and rise of intraocular pressure to 30 mmHg or more in 27.6%. There was no difference in the complication rate between men and women or in relation to age. The use of anticoagulant (although discontinued before surgery) or antiplatelet medication increased the risk of intraoperative bleeding but no sight-threatening bleeding occurred. The use of acetylsalicylic acid was also associated with an increased risk of postoperative fibrinous reaction. Other systemic diseases like systemic hypertension, diabetes, asthma, or cardiac or mental disorders, or medications, did not increase the complication rate. Of the various ocular parameters, small pupil and exfoliation syndrome were the most important risk factors for both intra- and early postoperative complications, and the presence of glaucoma increased the risk of vitreous loss, postoperative pressure rise and corneal edema. General anesthesia did not seem to reduce the complications rate.

Adult↗