PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L Troy

Publications and source records attributed to L Troy.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Reproducibility of oral contraceptive histories and validity of hormone composition reported in a cohort of US women.

Histories of oral contraceptive (OC) use were reported by 116,686 women aged 25 to 42 years in the Nurses' Health Study II on a self-administered questionnaire accompanied by a color photo booklet of all OC preparations ever marketed in the US. To evaluate the quality of this information, we compared the responses of a randomly selected sample of 215 participants with their data from a subsequent, detailed telephone interview using a structured life events calendar. Agreement for a history of ever having used OC was high between the two methods (exact agreement 99%). Reported durations of use were equivalent (mean duration 42.7 months by telephone interview and 44.6 months by questionnaire). The Spearman correlation for duration of use calculated from the two methods was 0.94 (p < 0.0001). For a subset of women for whom we were able to obtain OC prescription records, the medical record confirmed the use of an identical or equivalent brand in 75% of intervals of reported use. Acceptably valid OC histories were obtained with a self-administered questionnaire.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Three-year follow-up of participants in a commercial weight loss program. Can you keep it off?

BACKGROUND: One third of Americans are obese, according to the 1988-1991 National Health and Nutrition Endpoint Survey III survey. Obesity increases the risk of death and a variety of chronic diseases. Numerous commercial weight loss programs demonstrate short-term success. OBJECTIVE: To assess maintenance of weight loss achieved during dieting. METHODS: We surveyed 192 participants in the Sandoz Nutrition (Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, Minneapolis, Minn) diet program approximately 3 years after participation. Initial date were supplied by the diet clinics and follow-up data, including weight at various points after the program, participation in other weight loss programs, and lifestyle variables, such as exercise, smoking, and television watching, were collected by a mailed questionnaire. RESULTS: On average, the group lost 22 kg during the diet program. After the follow-up period, the mean weight (mean, 102.6 kg) was only modestly less than the group's original weight at the start of the diet (mean, 105.9 kg). Twelve percent of the subjects maintained 75% of their weight loss after leaving the diet program, 57% maintained at least 5% of the loss, and 40% gained back more than they had lost during the diet. The frequency of exercise after the diet program was the strongest predictor of weight loss maintenance, while television viewing predicted a gain in weight. CONCLUSION: Given the apparent lack of substantial, long-term success at weight reduction, perhaps greater emphasis should be placed on prevention of obesity.

Commerce↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cisplatin-based therapy: a neurological and neuropsychological review.

The present paper reviews research in the area of the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloro-platinum II) and examines the implications for clinical neuropsychology arising from the neurological disruption associated with cisplatin-based therapy. The paper begins with a brief review of cisplatin treatment in terms other than survival alone, and examines the side-effects and the potential central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction in terms of neurological symptoms and concomitant implications for neuropsychology. Two main implications for clinical neuropsychology arising from cisplatin therapy are identified. First, cisplatin therapy impacts upon the psychological well-being of the patient, particularly during and in the months following treatment. It is suggested that during this time, a primary role for neuropsychology is to focus upon the monitoring and the active enhancement of the patient's social, psychological and spiritual resources. Second, with regard to neurocognitive changes, the review suggests that (1) neurocognitive assessment may not yield stable results within 8 months following treatment and (2) while perceptual, memory, attentional and executive dysfunction may be predicted following cisplatin treatment, little systematic research has been carried out to investigate such a possibility. Future research might profitably address this issue and also specifically examine the effects of low dosage cisplatin-based therapy and the effects of recently developed neuroprotective agents. Finally, there is some evidence to suggest that women may be more susceptible to neurotoxicity during cisplatin therapy, but no gender-related cognitive effects are reported in the cisplatin literature. Future research could usefully investigate gender differences in association with cisplatin chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗