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Biomedical subjects

L Tsang

Publications and source records attributed to L Tsang.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Efficient calculation of electron diffraction for the structural determination of nanomaterials.

A critical advance in the technique of low-energy electron diffraction is presented and shown to enable determining detailed structures of nanomaterials, based on experimental methods that already exist or have been proposed. Our new cluster approach speeds up the computation to scale as n logn, rather than the current n3 or n2, with n the number of atoms, for example. Applications are illustrated for C60 molecules adsorbed on a Cu(111) surface, with and without coadsorbed metal atoms, exhibiting sensitivity to important structural features such as buckyball size and deformation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Distribution and elimination of tobramycin administered in single or multiple daily doses in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.

Aminoglycosides are often prescribed as part of the treatment regimen for acute pulmonary exacerbations due to their potent activity and low potential for development of resistance. Preliminary evidence from randomized controlled trials in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) suggests that once-daily administration of aminoglycosides results in similar efficacy and a low risk for toxicity compared with traditional dosing. The pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides administered once daily in CF patients are currently not well described. In this study we compare the distribution and elimination patterns of traditional dosing (3.3 mg/kg q8h) versus once-daily dosing (10 mg/kg q24h) of tobramycin in six adult patients with CF. The pharmacokinetics of tobramycin administered either once daily or every 8 h were best described by a two-compartment model. No statistically significant differences in any of the pharmacokinetic parameter values between regimens were noted. The distribution phase half-lives of 32 and 24 min following the q8h and q24h regimens were longer than expected. The use of a one-compartment model requires clinical peak levels to be drawn 2 h after initiation of either a 30 min infusion for multiple daily dosing or a 60 min infusion with once-daily dosing, to ensure completion of the distribution phase. Our data indicate that a dose of 10 mg/kg/day provides post-distributional phase peak concentrations that achieve the desired goal for susceptible organisms (>20 mg/L) and AUC(24) values at the upper end of the desired range (70-100 mg.h/L).

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Scattering of electromagnetic waves from dense distributions of spheroidal particles based on Monte Carlo simulations.

In a dense discrete random medium, the propagation and scattering of waves are affected not only by the individual properties of the particles such as size, shape, and permittivity, but also by group properties such as the statistics of relative particle positions and relative orientations. We use Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the interactions of electromagnetic waves with a dense medium consisting of spheroidal particles for cases of random orientation and for cases of aligned orientation. A shuffling process is used to generate the positions of densely packed spheroids. Multiple-scattering equations are formulated by means of the volume integral equation and are solved numerically. The scattering results are averaged over realizations. Numerical results are presented for the extinction rates and the phase matrices. Salient features of the numerical results indicate that (1) the extinction rates of densely packed small spheroids are smaller than those of independent scattering; (2) for aligned spheroids, the extinction rates are polarization dependent; and (3) the co-polarized part of the phase matrix for densely packed spheroids is smaller than that of independent scatering, while the cross-polarized part is larger than that for independent scattering. This means that the ratio of cross-polarization to co-polarization is significantly higher than that of independent scattering.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1992

Quantitative determination of glucose in blood plasma and in fruit juices by combined WATR-CPMG 1H NMR spectroscopy.

The quantitative analysis of pure glucose solution < or = 225 mM (< or = 40.8 mg/mL) in 90/10 H2O/D2O was successfully completed in dilute aqueous solution by the WATR-CPMG method whereby the T2 of the water resonance is manipulated by the WATR method followed by elimination of the water peak by the CPMG pulse sequence. The method was applied to the quantitative analysis of total glucose in blood plasma from human subjects undergoing the oral glucose tolerance test in the teaching hospital, and the results were compared to those obtained using a standard glucose oxidase method in a hospital chemical pathology laboratory. The accuracy of the results obtained using the WATR-CPMG method were generally within 5% of the glucose oxidase method. The coefficient of variation was determined to be better than 4% using plasma samples of diabetic subjects. Application to the quantitative analysis of orange and guava juice was also successfully demonstrated.

Beverages↗
PubMed1988

Diffraction tomography by a method of image projections.

A method of three-dimensional diffraction tomography based on image projections is derived. Inversion methods based on projections generally are inaccurate due to the spreading nature of the scattered wave. By backpropagating the field onto a single plane in the image region, diffraction effects are reduced and a projection of the weakly scattering object is generated. Consequently, conventional X-ray inversion techniques may be used to image the object. The relationship between the backpropagated field and the projection is derived both for high frequency incident waves and low spatial frequency scatterers. The generalized image kernel allows the use of curved or misaligned recording surfaces. Numerical results are included.

Algorithms↗