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Biomedical subjects

L Tulman

Publications and source records attributed to L Tulman.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Development of the inventory of functional status-cancer.

The purpose of this article is to report the development and psychometric testing of the Inventory of Functional Status-Cancer (IFS-CA). The IFS-CA was developed to measure functional status in women with cancer. The questionnaire includes four subscales measuring the extent to which the woman continues her usual household and family, social and community, personal care, and occupational activities. Content validity was established at 98.5%. Internal consistency reliability testing used a sample of 100 women receiving treatment for cancer. Internal consistency reliability using average correlations for the subscale item to subscale total scores ranged from 0.56 to 0.82. Subscale to total IFS-CA score correlations ranged from 0.73 to 0.92. Test-retest reliability used a sample of 17 women who had completed treatment for cancer. The coefficients ranged from 0.43 to 0.96 for the four subscales. Initial construct validity testing was accomplished by examination of subscale correlations and by comparing the functional status of women in active treatment for cancer with those who had completed treatment. The study's findings reveal content validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and beginning construct validity; thus, they demonstrate strong evidence for further development and testing of the IFS-CA's construct validity.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Maternal employment following childbirth.

This longitudinal study was an investigation of differences in demographic, health, psychosocial, and family variables, and in functional status for nonoccupational activities, between employed and nonemployed mothers for 6 months following childbirth. Variables associated with employed mothers' functional status in occupational activities also were examined. Fifty-three (58%) of the 92 women in the sample were employed by 6 months postpartum. Although employed mothers performed more roles than nonemployed mothers, the two groups appeared more similar than different on the variables studied. In addition, functional status for occupational activities was positively related to parity and level of physical energy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Building a programme of research from the Roy Adaptation Model of Nursing.

This paper describes a series of methodological and substantive studies derived from the Roy Adaptation Model of Nursing. The research encompassed development of an instrument to measure functional status after childbirth and retrospective and longitudinal studies of variables associated with functional status during the postpartum period. The conceptual model proved to be a useful guide for the design and conduct of these studies as well as ongoing investigations of functional status during pregnancy and following diagnosis of breast cancer. Findings from completed studies support the credibility of Roy's conceptual model.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1990

A framework for studying functional status after diagnosis of breast cancer.

This article presents a framework for studying changes in and variables associated with functional status after diagnosis of breast cancer. Functional status is defined as the woman's performance of activities related to her possible multiple roles of spouse, parent, homemaker, community member, and worker. Roy's Adaptation Model of Nursing serves as the overall conceptual model. A review of the research literature provides support for relationships linking psychological state, interpersonal relationships, immune status, treatment regimen, severity of disease, and demographic factors with functional status.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The inventory of functional status-antepartum period. Development and testing.

The Inventory of Functional Status-Antepartum Period (IFSAP) includes six subscales measuring the extent to which a pregnant woman continues her usual household, social and community, childcare, personal care, occupational, and educational activities. Content validity was established at 94.4%. Reliability testing used a sample of 192 pregnant women. Internal consistency reliability using average correlations for the subscale item to subscale total scores ranged from .57 to .87. Subscale to total IFSAP score correlations ranged from .53 to .90. Test-retest reliability used a subsample of 21 pregnant women. The coefficients ranged from .27 to .93. Initial construct validity testing was accomplished by examination of subscale correlations, by comparing IFSAP scores for pregnant women who had no children with those who had children, and by comparing women who had complications and/or restrictions with women who experienced no complications or restrictions. The IFSAP may be used in research and clinical practice to assess functional status during pregnancy.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recovery from childbirth: looking back 6 months after delivery.

Women's perceptions of their recovery from childbirth were investigated by open-ended interviews of 96 mothers of health, full-term infants 6 months after delivery. Data included factors affecting physical, mental, and emotional recovery; sources of help and hindrance; ideas of what each women would do differently after the delivery of another child; and overall evaluation of how the months after delivery compared with expectations. Content analysis of the data revealed that 25% of the women did not feel physically recovered from childbirth at 6 months postpartum. Husbands and other family members were major sources of help. Prolonged labor and cesarean delivery were the major hindrances to recovery. More household and child-care help was desired after delivery of another child. Almost half of the women found the first 6 months after delivery more difficult than anticipated. The findings suggest that pregnant women need more information about lifestyle adjustments after childbirth.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three sides of the same coin: the analysis of paired data from dyads.

Three types of research questions are commonly asked about data from dyads: (1) What are the overall group differences between the two sets of measurements? (2) What is the association between paired data? and (3) What is the agreement between pairs? These three types of questions about the same dyad dataset lead to different analyses, and the answer to one question does not necessarily help in answering the other questions. The purpose of this article is to highlight the differences among these questions and their respective methods of data analysis. The intent is to stress the necessity for congruence between research questions and the analysis, rather than to present a review of all possible methods of analysis of paired data.

Bias↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The computer as a classroom participant in teaching statistics.

The versatility, speed, and portability of the personal computer make it a great partner in the classroom for teaching statistics. The computer display from the monitor can be shown as a clear image on a large screen by a projection panel. Commercially available software, easy-to-use and relatively inexpensive, enables an instructor to carry out many classroom demonstrations of basic statistical ideas. The graphics capabilities of the personal computer for plotting and animated effects capture students' interest and promote learning.

Biometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in functional status after childbirth.

Changes in functional status after childbirth were examined over a 6-month postdelivery period in 97 women who had delivered healthy full-term infants. Functional status was defined as the woman's readiness to assume infant care responsibilities and resume her usual activities. Functional status was found to improve steadily from 3 weeks to 3 months postpartum, but no statistically significant changes were found between 3 and 6 months. However, by 6 months postpartum 6% of the women had not yet fully assumed the desired or required level of infant care responsibilities, nearly 20% had not yet fully resumed usual levels of household activities, 30% had not fully resumed usual levels of social and community activities, and more than 80% had not yet fully resumed usual self-care activities. Of the 57 women who had returned to work or school by 6 months postpartum, over 60% had not fully resumed their usual level of occupational activities. Canonical analysis revealed that different sets of health, psychosocial, family, and demographic variables were associated with functional status at each data collection point.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Return of functional ability after childbirth.

Recovery of functional ability after childbirth was examined in a sample of 30 women who had vaginal deliveries and 40 who had cesarean births. Recovery of functional ability after childbirth was defined as the resumption of household, social and community, and occupational activities and assumption of infant care responsibilities. Only 51% of the women reported they had regained their usual level of energy by the end of the 6-week postpartum period; 72% of the vaginally delivered women reported regaining their physical energy within this period, but only 34% of the cesarean delivered women had done so. Differences were also noted between cesarean- and vaginally delivered women in the interval until assumption of infant care responsibilities and resumption of certain household tasks, socializing with friends, and participation in religious organizations. Recovery of functional ability was also found to be affected by maternal and neonatal complications, and their presence was associated with postponed return to employment. Findings suggest that the traditional 6-week recovery period from childbirth needs to be reconsidered, particularly for women experiencing cesarean deliveries or maternal or neonatal postdelivery complications.

Adult↗