PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L V Chazova

Publications and source records attributed to L V Chazova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The role of computed spirometry in the epidemiological study of respiratory symptoms].

An epidemiological study was made of a random representative sample of men and women aged 25-64 years. There were 167 men and 306 women. In order to compare forced expiration in persons with different combinations of respiratory symptoms, potentialities of the use of the forced midexpiratory flow 25-75% together with the FEVC, FEV1, FEV1/FEVC were examined. Among the flow parameters, the forced midexpiratory flow has the least variability, which permits using it for diagnosis of obstructive disorders of lung ventilatory function. The studies revealed qualitative peculiarities in the changes of the spirography readings among men and women. As compared to the examinees without respiratory symptoms, men with cough and sputum manifested a decrease in the parameters characteristic of mixed changes in lung ventilatory function with the predominance of obstructive alterations in chronic bronchitis. The degree of obstructive disorders was higher than in women showing the analogous symptoms. As compared to the examinees without respiratory symptoms, women suffering from chronic bronchitis were marked by lower values of the volumetric parameters, without any signs of forced expiration deceleration.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1991

[Various problems of prevention of ischemic heart disease].

Measures aimed at promoting health and preventing diseases form part of medical prophylaxis. Modifying the pattern of death causes has caused changes in applying approaches to implementation of preventive measures whose success largely depends on lifestyle, environment, nutrition and living conditions. It is necessary to change the population and community's attitude to health problems. There are reserves for enhancing the effectiveness of measures against coronary heart disease in medical institutions: improvement of physicians's training in prevention of diseases, active detection of patients with early CHD signs and subjects at a high risk for the disease, their timely adequate follow-up and multimodality drug and non-drug treatment.

Cardiology↗
PubMed1991

[Diagnosis of myocardial infarct with fatal outcome within the framework of multifactorial prevention of ischemic heart disease in Moscow].

The death diagnosis of myocardial infarction (including acute heart failure) was recorded and verified on the basis of standard criteria during a 5-year implementation of the Program on Multifactorial Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease among males aged 40-59 years. The analysis demonstrated that the hyperdiagnosis of acute heart failure as a death cause was observed in 29.0% of cases, death being due to acute alcohol intoxication in 43% of all the inconsistent diagnoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Prognostic value of behavioral habits (smoking, alcohol use, physical exercise) in a male population aged 40-59 in Moscow].

The prognostic significance of some behavioral habits was examined in an open male population aged 40 to 59 years in respect to mortality. The analysis has demonstrated that tobacco-smoking leads to an increase in the total mortality rate and in mortality from cardiovascular and cancer diseases. The total mortality in the population was on the whole 1.5 times higher as a result of frequent alcohol use, mainly at the expense of the mortality growth because of other reasons (traumas, accidents). The work characteristics being the same, the total mortality from cardiovascular diseases and other reasons appeared significantly less in persons who were physically active in their leisure time as compared to those who were inactive. The analysis has also shown that studies into behavioral habits made by questionnaires in patients suffering from coronary heart disease should be performed in combination with other measures. At the same time the use of the questionnaire allowing the assessment of physical activity is advisable only in persons without coronary heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Parameters of mortality in a program of multifactorial prevention of ischemic heart disease].

Multifactorial prophylaxis carried out for 5 years among men aged 40 to 59 years brought about a significant decrease in the total death rate (by 22.2%), mainly because of the lowering of the death rate due to cardiovascular diseases (by 41.3%), determined by a reduction of these indicators among persons who initially had coronary heart disease. The data indicate that in order to reach a positive effect, the primary care should be exercised for a longer time. At the same time, the prophylactic measures are to be multifactorial and include not only correction of risk factors but also the screening and treatment of patients suffering from coronary heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Effectiveness of the cooperative program of multifactorial prevention of ischemic heart disease (results of the 3-year study)].

The paper provides the results obtained in the course of the cooperative All-Union programme on multifactor prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD), which has been implemented over 3 years to examine the efficiency of preventive actions aimed at correcting the levels of CHD risk factors. The study was conducted in 6 centers of the country among a non-organized male population aged 40-59 years. The outcome of the preventive measures, largely nonpharmacological ones, made during 3 years suggests that the prevalence of the major CHD risk factors may be reduced in the population. The preventive actions are the most beneficial in arterial hypertension and smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A prospective study on mortality and incidence of myocardial infarct and stroke in male population 40-59 years of age at different risk levels].

Prognostic value of tentatively identified levels of risk (coronary heart disease, risk factors, their combinations) for total, and cardiovascular mortality and myocardial infarction and stroke incidence was evaluated within the framework of the multifactorial coronary heart disease prevention programme. It was found that subjects without CHD in the presence of 3 risk factors or more represented a group at the same high risk for myocardial infarction and death as CHD patients without myocardial infarction, which requires that this population be comprehensively medically monitored. The multifactorial prevention programme has made it possible to reduce the level of a relative risk in subjects with CHD or those without CHD in the presence of 3 risk factors or more in the population of males aged 40-59 years. It may be thus expected mortality rates from chronic noncommunicable disease to be reduced among the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The prognostic significance of basic risk factors of ischemic heart disease and its changes in carrying out preventive measures].

The paper treats the results of an analysis of the assessment of the main risk factors within the framework of the program for multifactorial prophylaxis of coronary heart disease in the populations with varying involvement into preventive measures. Using standard methods altogether 6566 men aged 40-59 years were examined in the area of two district polyclinics with a purpose of diagnosing coronary heart disease and risk factors of its development. During 5 years, measures aimed at active primary and secondary prophylaxis of coronary heart disease were carried out in one of the groups. Prospective survey over the death rate has demonstrated that cardiovascular diseases rank the first in the structure of the death rate among the adult male population, with their portion being increased with age. Studies into the relationship between the death rate and the main risk factors in the population provided evidence that risk of the death from cardiovascular diseases rises with an increase in the systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, in the body weight index, and in total cholesterol. The active composite preventive measures brought about a significant reduction in risk of the death from cardiovascular diseases, in the incidence of the fresh cases of myocardial infarction, and brain stroke. At the same time the death rate of cardiovascular diseases dropped by 40.7% as compared to the expected one, the number of lethal cases due to various reasons by 12.7%, an the incidence of myocardial infarction and brain stroke by 18.8%.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Prognostic significance of arterial blood pressure levels and the effectiveness of the treatment of arterial hypertension in a non-organized male population 40-59 years of age in Moscow].

Isolated working rat hearts were subjected to a 3-hour ischemia followed by reperfusion. The defense effects of the heart cooling to 6-7 and 12-15 degrees C were assessed according to the degree of postischemic recovery of hemodynamic (arterial pressure, heart rate, coronary flow, cardiac output) and biochemical (ATP, phosphocreatine, Pi, and lactate content) characteristics and electron microscopic evidence. The energy resources of the myocardium and its cellular structures were effectively preserved during one-hour ischemia at 12-15 degrees C. At 6-7 degrees C, the energy resources of the hearts were better preserved in long-term ischemia, where the functional characteristics were recovered to the same extent as in the 12-15 degrees C hypothermia, but some cell damage was observed. The obtained findings suggested that the temperature of 12-15 degrees C should be the temperature of choice for heart cooling in cardiosurgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Initial experiences in the use of the ASKIS automated system for detecting patients with ischemic heart disease. Automated System for Population Health Tracking and Follow-up].

The paper is concerned with the first experience gained in the use of the automated system ASKIS in the work of a district polyclinic of Moscow. The results of the questionnaire of 569 persons are provided. Analysis of the ambulatory cards was made immediately after the questionnaire and additional examination. It has been discovered that the system proposed can be used in the work of a polyclinic, since at allows one to identify persons afflicted with cardiovascular diseases.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Tobacco smoking and various measures to control it].

The prevalence of smoking has been studied in a population of a Moscow district. The data obtained evidence that 49.0-54.6% of men and 9.2-13.5% of women, aged 20-59, smoke. Smoking was most common at the age of 20-39 (62.6 and 19.0% for males and females, respectively). Regular smoking was registered in 14.4-53.3% of schoolboys and 0.8-28.2% of schoolgirls (pupils of forms 5-10), the habituation being dependent on the number of smoking relatives. A 5-year prospective investigation of 40-59-year-old males allowed the conclusion on high mortality rate among heavy smokers: a three-fold difference for all reasons and cancer, and 2.5-fold difference for cardiovascular diseases compared to respective mortality in non-smokers. A special age-adjusted program designed for smoking control in schoolchildren produced positive 3-year results: a decrease from 17 to 5.9% in smoking incidence among boys of forms 5-7, from 42.1 to 20.7% for boys and from 9.6 to 6% for girls of higher forms. A pilot experience gained in a special office organized for those willing to give up smoking is presented. The treatment involved acupuncture, chemotherapy and psychotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Integral approach to the prevention of major chronic non-infectious diseases].

The essence and the necessity of an integral approach to prevention of major chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCD) is described proceeding from the example of the integral CNCD prevention programme in one of Moscow districts. The aims and basic directions of preventive activities are demonstrated along with possible ways of integrating medical services with various district nonmedical institutions. The findings of the sample study of the adult population (25-64 years) of the district are provided. The study has been carried out prior to the preventive activities and touched upon information supply of the population in relation to healthy mode of life, prevalence of major risk factors (arterial hypertension, smoking, excessive body weight, hypercholesterolemia) and some CNCD (IHD, chronic bronchitis, diabetes mellitus).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Prognostic significance of total blood cholesterol level and the possibility of dietary correction of hypercholesterolemia in the population].

In a population of males aged 40-59 years, a routine epidemiological survey was performed, which was followed by a 5-year follow-up to examine the mortality rates and incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke treated by an active prophylactic measure program (Group 1) and conventional regimen (Group 2). The total cholesterol levels of 260 mg/dl or more were found to be of highly prognostic value to death from all causes, largely cardiovascular diseases, to development of myocardial infarction, stroke, and to higher risk of fatal cases of the diseases. It was ascertained that it was difficult to modify the dietary habits in subjects of mature age. By the end of the fifth follow-up year, the examined patients from Group 1 showed a reduction in the mean level of total cholesterol and hypercholesterolemia rates, following by a decrease in total and cardiovascular mortality by 6.5 and 5.7%, respectively, the incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke and the risk of death from these complications becoming lower.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Mortality and morbidity indicators of acute myocardial infarction in participants and non-participants in population studies conducted in Moscow and Kaunas.

The results of a prospective study of participants and non-participants in population surveys conducted in Moscow and Kaunas are presented. The average follow-up period was 5.5 years. There were 6656 male participants (P) and 5200 non-participants (NP) in Moscow and 5945 and 2528, respectively, in Kaunas. In Kaunas, indicators of both total mortality and mortality from cardiovascular diseases, injuries and accidents, malignant neoplasma and other diseases were higher in NP than in P. In Moscow the general tendency was the same but the difference between P and NP was significant only for mortality from injuries and accidents. As for the incidence of new cases of acute myocardial infarction, there was a tendency to higher figures in participants, especially in Moscow. The authors point to the danger of drawing incorrect conclusions on the mortality and morbidity in the population if they are based only on data gained from participants.

Adult↗