[Lowering the content of SH-glutathione and glutathione transferase activity in the liver as a factor in increasing the toxicity of T-2 toxin].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
L V Kravchenko
Publications and source records attributed to L V Kravchenko.
[Effect of clofibrate on the enzyme activity of liver and adipose tissue lysosomes in the rat in the presence of an unbalanced fatty component in the diet].
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Adipose Tissue↗
[Characteristics of the enzymatic adaptation of rat liver lysosomes to protein deficiency].
The effects of age-specific peculiarities and the duration of maintaining rats on a ration with 4 per cent of protein (the initial mass of rats in the 1st group 100 g each; duration of the experiment--30 days. Initial mass rats in the 2d group--200 g each; duration of experiment--90 days on the activity of the lysosomal hydrolase was studied. The latter included beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucoronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, arylsulfatase A and B, acid phosphatase, phospholipase A1 and A2, cholinesterase, the total proteolytic activity and that of catepsines A, B, C and D. An ambiguity of changes in the enzymes activity in the animals of the 1st and 2d groups was revealed. Placing the growing animals on a ration containing 4 per cent of protein produces an activation of the most of the lysosomal enzymes, whereas in animals of the 2d test group the nature of changes in the activity of individual enzymes proved to differ quite appreciably. Thus, the summary activity of catepsines, beta-glucoronidase and cholinesterase was below the control level, while the activity of beta-galactosidase, beta-N-acetyl-glucoseaminidase and phospholipase A1 and A2 went up. A prolonged maintenance of rats on a protein-poor ration led to upsetting the stability of the lysosomal membranes, which manifested itself in a higher solubilization of lysosomal enzymes in vitro.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
[The effect of amino acids and polypeptides on the biomass autolysis process of Saccharomyces cerevisiae].
The inhibitory effect of amino acids on the protease activity of brewer's yeasts has been studied. It is shown that amino acids and peptides formed in the course of autolysis of brewer's yeasts inhibited the rate of this process. To eliminate the inhibitory effect, some exogenous proteases with different substrate specificity can be used.
Amino Acids↗
[Lysosomal component in the mechanism of the toxic effect of sporofusarin].
The effect of Fusarium sporotrichiella v. sporotrichioides mycotoxin (sporofusarin) on the total and non-sedimentary supernatant activity of 13 marker-enzymes of subcellular particles (2 mitochondrial enzymes-cytochrome oxidase and malate dehydrogenase; 8 lysosomal enzymes -- acid phosphatase, acid RNAase, acid DNAase, arylsulphatases A and B, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase and beta-glucosidase; 2 microsomal enzymes -- glucose-6-phosphatase and acetylesterase; plasma membrane enzyme -- alkaline phosphatase) of the rat liver, kidney, spleen and bone-marrow was studied in in vivo experiments. The latter demonstrated that sporofusarin effects were characterized by a significant organ and organella specificity, viz. the toxin caused a sharply increased activity, mainly of lysosomes enzymes and labilization of the lysosomal membranes, primarily in the spleen and the bone-marrow. A conclusion is drawn that the discovered selective destructive action of sporofusarin on the lysosomes may be regarded as a new phenomenon that, possibly is directly related to the characterization of the mechanism responsible for a specific effect produced by sporofusarin.
Animals↗
[Ultrastructural changes in the subcellular membranes of hepatocytes during the early periods of starvation].
Ultrastructural changes in the membranes of subcellular structures of the liver in rats were studied with the help of electron microscopy at early periods (48 hours) of fasting. In the hepatocytes of fasting animals the authors found a disrupted structure of the nuclear membranes (an increased lumen between membranes and enlargement of pores) and of mitochondria (changed shape and a significant diminution in the number of cristae) along with vacuolization and degranulation of the rough endoplasmatic reticulum. At the same time, the hepatocytes demonstrated a drastic hypertrophy of the GERL zone characterized by a rising number of the Golgi apparatus dictyosomata, of the smooth endoplasmatic reticulum cysterns and of primary lysosomes. All this was accompanied by a sharp intensification of the processes of autophagy, finding its expression in a significantly increased numbers of secondary lysosomes of the autophagic type. Emphasis is laid upon the fact that while the revealed ultrastructural changes in the cellular and mitochondrial membranes, as well as in the endoplasmatic reticulum may with high degree of probability, be interpreted as manifestations indicative of functional disorders occurring in these organelles, the hypertrophy of the Golgi apparatus, a rise in the number of primary and secondary lysosomes and their activation appear as an adaptation reaction of the cell to conditions created by the organism switching over to a forced endogenous alimentation.
Animals↗
[Fusarium toxins in grain: results of monitoring].
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Animals↗
[A chromatographic method of simultaneous semi-quantitative analysis of eight mycotoxins in grain].
The paper describes a modification of the method of Stoloff et al. allowing a simultaneous measurement of eight mycotoxins (aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, ochratoxin A, sterigmatocystin, citrinin, patulin) in the grain extract on standard plates Silufol. The method proved 4-5 times more sensitive than the use of silica gel G and Adrosbosil I. An additional purification of the extract with lead acetate and celit can be recommended. The yield of mycotoxins varied within 76-127%. The paper discusses peculiar features of chromatographic procedures due to Silufol.
Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
[Amino acid composition of proteins of the membranes of rat liver sucellular structures and the effect of protein deficiency on it].
The protein amino acids composition of nuclear, mitochondrial and lysosomic membranes and those of the endoplasmatic reticulum of the liver in rats receiving for 30 days rations with normal (18.5 per cent) and low (4 per cent) protein content was investigated. The amino acid spectra of proteins forming part of various cytomembranes, in spite of their considerable resemblance, are shown to have traits of a definite specificity. Protein deficit in the ration causes not only a fall of the total amino acid content in the membranous cellular structures, but it also attended by a deranged correlation among individual amino acids.
Amino Acids↗