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Biomedical subjects

L V Krushinskiĭ

Publications and source records attributed to L V Krushinskiĭ.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Behavior of mice with robertsonian translocations of chromosomes].

The behaviour of mice with normal karyotype and those with robertsonian translocations was studied. The ability of the animals to solve an extrapolatory task was analysed. The experimental procedure was initiated with presentation of a food bait which the animal could reach only through a small opening in a screen. As the mouse started drinking, the food cup was moved leftward or rightward disappearing from the animal's view. The problem was to move in the direction of food, in which case the mouse could find it behind one of two feeding holes, to the right or to the left of the starting point. Laboratory mice were not able to solve this problem, whereas mice containing Rb(8, 17)1 IEM in karyotype demonstrated the extrapolatory ability - they solve the task correctly in a significant majority of cases. By means of a series of backcrosses of Rb(8, 17)1 IEM carriers on CBA strain (these mice have no extrapolatory ability) and subsequent inbreeding, a novel inbred strain was obtained, coisogenic to CBA and possessing the robertsonian translocation Rb(8, 17)1 IEM. These mice with the CBA genetic background solve the extrapolatory problem successfully, the level of correct choices being significantly above the 50% chance level. At the same time, their performance was lower than that of outbred mice with Rb(8, 17)1 IEM, the phenomenon possibly being the result of the influence of CBA genetic background. Mice with Rb(8, 17)6 Sic were also shown to possess the extrapolatory ability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Ability of birds of the Corvidae family to operate by the empirical dimensions of figures].

The reasoning ability was investigated in 29 Corvidae birds. The experimental task consisted in finding a hidden bait, the task being based on the fact that volumetric bait could be hidden in a volumetric geometrical figure only and not in a flat one. Thus it was possible to value the bird's ability to operate the empirical dimensions of objects. It was found that although the structure of bird brain is basically different from that of mammals, Corvidae surpass carnivorous mammals (dogs and cats) in solving this problem, their ability to operate the dimensions of objects being developped almost as well as that of monkeys.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[The capacity of dogs to solve problems by operating with the empirical dimensions of figures].

An investigation was made into the dogs capacity for operating with empirical dimensions of figures, i.e. the animal's capacity for solving problems based on the fact that out of two figures a volumetric bait can be placed only in a volumetric figure and not in a flat one. In experiments using two methods (single and multiple presentations of figures, each time of a new pair), the dogs were incapable of solving the problems. They were able, however, to elaborate in the course of learning a visual differentiation of a volumetric figure from a flat one, which implies the formation of a generalization of the volume cue as the only invariant in all the pairs of figures. The investigation into operation with empirical dimensions of figures as one of the objective parameters in estimating elementary reasoning activity of animals indicates that by this criterion dogs range in the philogenetic series by far lower than the previously studied marmoset monkeys and dolphins.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Features of the dynamics of the forebrain EEG of Emys orbicularis during the solving of an extrapolation problem].

Sharp EEG changes are recorded in bioelectrical activity of the dorsal cortex and dorsal ventricular edge in marsh tortoises in conditions of free movement during solving of an extrapolation task (a test of elementary reasoning ability). These changes of a pathological character, accompanied by neurotic states, were observed in some animals having correctly solved the task several times in succession (2-5), beginning with the first presentation. Such changes of EEG and behaviour were not found in tortoises that committed errors at first presentations of the task and only gradually learned correct solving. Formation of the adequate behaviour can proceed by two means: on the basis of elementary reasoning ability and learning. Disturbance of adequate behaviour in the experiment with characteristic changes of EEG testifies to a difficult state of the animal during solving of the extrapolation task.

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