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Biomedical subjects

L V Serebrovskaia

Publications and source records attributed to L V Serebrovskaia.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Antiretroviral therapy of acute HIV-infection].

AIM: To study efficacy of a short course of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Acute HIV infection was verified in 16 infected subjected basing either on seroconversion (by immunoblotting) or a documented negative result 6-12 months before registration of a positive result for HIV antibodies. RESULTS: HAART was given to 12 patients (combivir + nevirapin). The number of CD+ lymphocytes (by median) 1 month after the treatment increased by 185 cells/mcl, 3 months after the treatment--by 215 cells/mcl. After 1-month therapy viral load (median) diminished by 2.02 log10 copy/ml, after 3 months--by 2.31 log10 copy/ml. 71% patients had HIV RNA under 400 copy/ml. Untreated patients showed changes neither in CD4+ lymphocytes number nor in viral load. The study continues. CONCLUSION: HAART is used at the stage of acute infection in the presence of psychic trauma provoked by establishment of HIV-infection diagnosis. Therefore, it is necessary to consult the patients for preparing them for treatment and to maintain compliance.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Course of tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection].

AIM: To evaluate clinical features of tuberculosis in correlation with HIV-infection duration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 117 patients with HIV-infection were divided into three groups: HIV-infected in the presence of long-standing tuberculosis (group 1), HIV- and tuberculosis-infected simultaneously (group 2), tuberculosis-infected 5-10 years after getting HIV-infection. CONCLUSION: Clinical picture and course of tuberculous infection in HIV-infected patients depend on the time of getting HIV-infection and are determined by the severity of T-cell immunodeficiency. RESULTS: Tuberculosis runs its usual course in patients of groups 1 and 2. In group 3 tuberculosis ran atypically, had lethal outcome due to either tuberculosis or opportunistic infections.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2001

[Determination of HIV RNA concentration for evaluation of the efficacy of combined therapy of HIV infection].

Plasma HIV RNA (viral load) and count of CD4+ T cells were evaluated in 23 patients with HIV infection treated with invirase (1800 mg/day), zidovudine (600 mg/day), and zalcitabine (2.25 mg/day) for 6 months in order to evaluate the efficiency of antiretroviral therapy. Viral load was measured by AMPLICOR HIV-1 Monitor test. The reproducibility of HIV RNA measurements was in line with reported data (CV 15-41%), allowing highly accurate (15%) evaluation of RNA in a standard control sample provided by National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Great Britain. Plasma HIV RNA concentration decreased to an undetectable level (below 400 RNA copies/ml plasma) after 6 months of treatment in 52.2% patients. In 17.4% the therapy failed, and in 30.4% it resulted in a reduction of viral load to > 1 lg, although HIV RNA was still detected in the plasma after 6-month therapy. The count of CD4+ T cells increased by 9.5%. Changes in the viral load outstripped changes in CD4+ cells. Viral load was in high correlation with the count of CD4+ lymphocytes: -0.53, p = 0.01 before treatment and -0.61, p = 0.002 after 6-month treatment.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

[The etiological structure and characteristics of liver involvement in patients with HIV infection].

Hepatic lesions were analyzed in 33 patients with HIV-infection. The patients were divided into two groups by the disease stage: early (stage IIB, IIIA, n = 12) and late (stage IIIB and IIIC, n = 21). Markers of hepatitis A, B and C were found in 42.4% of patients. Patients of group 1 had acute and chronic viral hepatitides (75%), hepatic alcoholic damage. Patients of group 2 developed combined hepatic lesions resultant from generalized bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections (66.7%), chronic hepatitides and viral cirrhoses (33.3%), alcohol abuse (33.3%). Elevated levels of the enzymes (AsAT, AlAT, LDG) at early stages of HIV-infection were brought about by hepatic involvement while at late stages by polyorganic abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection].

Within 1987-1995 the authors observed 16 cases of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients which accounted for 26.7% of AIDS patients treated by them. 14 cases were diagnosed intravitally, 2 postmortem. Infiltrative, generalized, cavernous, intrathoracic lymph node, intraabdominal lymph node tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy were identified in 5, 6, 2, 1, 1 and 1 patients, respectively. 6 patients from the above are still alive and are receiving treatment (5 of them with infiltrative tuberculosis), 10 died. Tuberculosis course and outcomes in HIV-infected subjects depended on the stage of their immunodeficiency. In moderate immunodeficiency (CD4-lymphocyte > 200/mm3) tuberculosis ran, as a rule, as local and infiltrative, sensitive to specific therapy. In severe damage to immune system (CD4 < 100/mm3) tuberculosis acquired a generalized course, sometimes fulminant, resistant to treatment. It is inferred that HIV-infected subjects with immunodeficiency need tuberculosis prophylaxis with isoniazide or rifampicin.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

[The clinical manifestations of HIV infection during seroconversion].

21 seroconversion HIV-infected subjects have been examined. 16 of them presented with acute symptoms. The disease in the period of seroconversion manifested with fever, weakness, headache, pain in the throat, enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes, polymorphous eruption. Typical mononucleosis-like syndrome occurred in 3 patients only. Half of the patients had subclinical disease, no eruption was seen. Because of clinical indications only 8 of 21 patients were examined for HIV infection. One-third of the patients in seroconversion had moderate thrombocytopenia, probably of autoimmune nature. Autoimmune disorder of the thyroid was registered in 1 patient. The diagnosis of acute HIV infection is not easy in view of rare occurrence of immunodeficiency typical for this infection. Candidiasis of the mucosa was seen in 37.5%, low levels of CD4-lymphocytes in 66.7% of the cases.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

[The prognostic significance of the clinical manifestations of HIV infection during seroconversion].

For the period 1990-1993, HIV infection in seroconversion was diagnosed in Russia in 21 cases. Of them, 16 patients had acute symptoms. Follow-up results are available for 12 patients in seroconversion who had either typical or obscure symptoms (6 and 6 patients, respectively). It is found that the disease progresses more rapidly in patients with the history of acute HIV infection in seroconversion manifesting with clear-cut typical symptoms of 4-week duration, at least. One patient from this group 3 years and 7 months after seroconversion developed Kaposi's sarcoma and candidiasis esophagitis which indicates the occurrence of AIDS stage IIIB.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Disorders in the plasma and cellular hemostatic components of patients with HIV infection].

Plasmic and platelet components of hemostasis were investigated in 100 HIV-infected subjects. Its degree depended on the infection stage and associated opportunistic infections. The key factor in pathogenesis of hemocoagulatory disorders is reduced count, abnormal function and morphology of platelets. A direct relationship exists between the number of CD4-lymphocytes, a decline in the number and functional activity of platelets. Intravenous injection of immunoglobulin made in Russia as an adjuvant to combined therapy of HIV-infected subjects contributes to recovery of platelet count and aggregation.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1991

[The comparative characteristics of the indices of lymphocyte and neutrophil functional activity in patients with HIV infection and chronic viral hepatitis B].

In 34 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at the asymptomatic stage and 29 patients with chronic viral hepatitis B at the period of exacerbation (of these 14 patients had chronic persistent hepatitis and 15 patients had chronic active hepatitis) the complex study of the functional activity of lymphocytes and neutrophils was carried out by cytochemical methods with the simultaneous determination of the content of immunoregulating lymphocyte subpopulations. In patients with chronic active hepatitis a decrease in the percentage and the absolute number of helper T-lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4/8 in comparison with those in patients with HIV infection were revealed. At the same time patients with HIV infection exhibited more pronounced decrease in the activity of all lymphocytic enzymes under study (neutrophil esterase, acidic phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase in lymphocytes), as well as in the activity of myeloperoxidase and the content of cation proteins and glycogen in neutrophils in comparison with patients having chronic active hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The cellular immune response in different forms of diphtheria in adults].

In 109 adult diphtheria patients with different forms of the disease (toxic, subtoxic, localized) and carriers, the latter including 6 persons having had the localized form of diphtheria, 12 different subpopulations of T and B lymphocytes and neutrophils were studied by the methods of rosette formation with sheep, mouse and bovine red blood cells. The study showed that, starting from week 2 of the disease, an increase in the content of the subpopulations under study was registered in all forms of diphtheria; the disease, as well as in patients with the localized form of the disease accompanied by complications and in long-term carriers. In all forms of diphtheria a decrease in the content of neutrophil rosette-forming cells was shown. The marker tests for prognostication of the complicated course of the disease, viz. the elevated content of M-rosette-forming cell and T gamma-rosette-forming cells during the first week of then disease, were established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Functional-metabolic activity of the mononuclear phagocyte system of the blood, liver, spleen and skin in children with hepatitis B].

A total of 102 children aged 5 to 14 years with virus hepatitis B were examined for the status of the mononuclear phagocytic system in accordance with the absolute monocyte count in the circulating blood, esterase and acid phosphatase activity in the monocytes, for function of organ macrophages of the liver and spleen using dynamic scintigraphy with TC-colloid and for macrophages of the skin by the "skin window" method. The rise of the absolute count and lowering of the functional and metabolic activity of blood monocytes were directly proportional to the gravity of virus hepatitis B. The changes persisted for a long time, namely up to 1.5 to 3 months since the disease onset. There was a progressive drop of the functional activity of Kupffer cells in the liver with a maximum decrease seen within 4 to 6 weeks since the disease onset, followed by returning to normal in cyclic disease and preservation of the changes in lingering and chronic virus hepatitis B. Spleen macrophages play an active compensatory role, maintaining normal "purifying" function of the mononuclear phagocytic system. That compensatory response tension appeared high in lingering and especially in chronic virus hepatitis and may serve as a criterion for process chronicity. The changes in the mononuclear phagocytic system observed in cyclic course of mild and medium-gravity virus hepatitis B may be regarded as normal adaptive reaction and do not require any drug correction. The latter one may only be indicated in patients with grave, lingering or chronic disease patterns associated with break down or depletion of the adaptive mechanisms of the system in question.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

[The lymphocyte populations at different stages in the infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus].

In 58 persons infected with HIV the comparative study of the content of immunocompetent cells was carried out by the methods of rosette formation and immunofluorescence with the use of monoclonal antibodies. An increase in the content of rosette-forming cells (RFC), such as active E-RFC, E-RFC, theophylline-resistant E-RFC and M-FRC, in asymptomatic seropositive persons was established. At this stage of the disease the amount of lymphocytes T4 and T8 and their ratio underwent no essential changes. At the stage of lymphoadenopathy an increase in the content of lymphocytes T8, more pronounced in patients with secondary infectious lesions, was noted. At this stage a decrease in T4/T8 ratio appeared for the first time. A high level of rosette-forming lymphocytes was still observed both at this period and at the period of clinically developed AIDS, while the level of lymphocytes T4 sharply dropped in such patients.

AIDS-Related Complex↗