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Biomedical subjects

L V Shishkina

Publications and source records attributed to L V Shishkina.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Connective tissue pathology in patients with aneurysms of the cerebral arteries (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome)].

Results of morphological examination of the skin and vessels in patients with large and giant brain artery aneurysms are presented. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type IV) was diagnosed in half of the cases; very thin skin and vessel walls, the disturbance of the collagen fibril structure in dermis, increased permeability and the tendency to rupture of the inner elastic membrane of brain arteries combined with a severe intimal atrophy. The absence of the III type collagen in the skin biopsies was shown immunohistochemically. The feasibility of the morphological diagnosis of this syndrome by skin biopsies and the significance of such diagnosis for prevention of complications in a surgical treatment are demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The efficacy of gamma teletherapy in the combined treatment of medulloblastomas in the posterior cranial fossa of children].

The results of radiation therapy conducted after various schemes were compared in 77 patients operated on for medulloblastoma of the posterior cranial fossa: 1. irradiation of the posterior cranial fossa area; 2. irradiation of this area and the entire length of the spinal marrow; 3. total irradiation of the CNS. Stages in a metastatic process necessitate irradiation in stages, i.e. irradiation of the posterior cranial fossa and the length of the spinal marrow followed by irradiation of the cerebral hemispheres one year after the operation. Total irradiation of the CNS shortly after the operation is recommended only in the presence of early metastases.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

[Pathogenesis of late radiation necrosis of the brain].

The pathogenesis of late radiation necroses remains still unsolved in the problem of cerebral radiation injuries. The problem of primary site: vessels or medulla is a disputable one. In this case cerebral radiation nectosis developed in a 32-year-old woman 1.5 yrs. after the last course of radiotherapy for hypophyseal adenoma was over. The authors give an irradiation scheme and a detailed histological description of the foci of late radiation necrosis in the temporal lobe and in the substance of the Varolii pons which is not the zone of direct exposure. The histological picture described in the above foci is similar in many details to the process that takes place in experimental allergic encephalomyelites developing in sensitized animals. The time course of histological changes in the foci of radiation necroses shows that the process does not develop steeply but increases gradually affecting the adjoining zones of the medulla that cannot be accounted for by the direct involvement of the medullary tissue only during radiation. Thus it can be assumed that the process develops like an allergic reaction where the role of the allergen is played by the decomposition products of myelin that appear in the affected focus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effects of combined electrolytic brain stem-orbitofrontal and brain stem-hippocampal damages to the rat brain].

Morphofunctional studies of animals with associated electrolytic orbitofrontal and hippocampal brainstem lesions as compared to variants of isolated brainstem coagulation showed participation and specific role of orbitofrontal cortex and hippocampus in adaptive-compensatory brain reactions of rats with brainstem lesions. Associated brainstem-orbitofrontal damages result in aggravation of the animals' condition and highly probable lethality within the first two weeks after surgery due to blood circulation dysregulation of hemorrhagic type and probably due to secondary hypothalamus dysfunction. Associated brainstem-hippocampal coagulation intensifies primarily brainstem neurologic symptoms and prolongs time of their reverse development, i.e. supports the brainstem centre of stable pathological activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Delayed radiation-induced optic neuropathy in patients with tumors in the chiasmal-sellar area after radiation therapy].

Six clinical observations of a rare condition, delayed radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RON) are presented. RON developed in patients with brain tumors treated by radiotherapy and radiosurgery; in the majority of patients the condition developed during exposure to therapeutic doses; its incidence was 0.5% of the total number of patients treated by radiotherapy during this period. Asymmetrical chiasmal syndrome developed rapidly in all the patients. Clinical diagnosis of RON was confirmed by magnetic resonance tomography in all cases, and in one case by morphological analysis. Conservative therapy including hyperbaric oxygenation just stabilized the visual function. Remote period of observation was 42 months.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunomorphological aspects of formation of an intracranial aneurysm].

An immunohistochemical study of the arteries of the circle of Willis and the walls of ampullar aneurysms indicated the impaired expression of the matrix proteins collagens I, III, and V in the aneurysms. Examination of the proliferative activity of cell elements in different parts of the aneurysmal sac showed a significant activation of proliferative processes along the cervical parts of aneurysms and the presence of proliferating cells in the body and fundus of aneurysms different in sizes. The findings suggest that the magnitude of proliferative and synthetic processes plays a definite role in the formation of an aneurysmal sac and in the so-called growth of aneurysms.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Proliferative markers of meningiomas: immunohistochemical analysis and prognostic value].

Routine pathological examination cannot precisely predict the clinical course of meningiomas because even histologically benign tumors may recur after total removal. And so, numerous efforts have been made for evaluation of meningioma growth fraction and its prognostic value. In this study the prognostic significance of DNA toposiomerase II alpha (topoII) and cyclin A immunohistochemistry was examined in a series of 263 meningiomas. The topoII and cyclin A scores exhibited a close correlation with Ki-67 immunostaining. Significant differences between the indices for all the three markers were noted among the three grades of meningiomas. The scores for all the three markers were significantly different between recurrent and non-recurrent meningiomas including removed benign tumors. The most important information for an individual clinical outcome of histologically benign meningiomas should be elicited from simultaneous evaluation of all the three proliferative markers.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Specific antibodies in convalescents after West Nile fever].

Blood serum samples were obtained from patients with West Nile fever (WNF) from the city of Volgograd and its region within the disease weeks 1-3 (July-October 1999), month 6-7 (May_June 2000) and month 12-18 (May-June 2001) after the disease onset. In the sera of 40 patients examined 6-7 months after the disease onset IgM-antibodies to WNF virus were absent (dilution 1:50), IgG ones were detected in 35 patients (87.5%). 18 months after the disease IgG-antibodies were identified in 23 of 26 convalescents (88.5%). The serum samples obtained in autumn 1999 and May-June 2000 contained antihemagglutinins to WNF virus for 6-7 months in all 18 patients. In May-June 2000 the sera were positive in 38 convalescents who had WNF in 1999.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Supratentorial cavernomas: clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment].

The study was undertaken to examine the clinical picture, diagnosis, morphology and substantiate management policy for patients with supratentorial cavernomas. Examination was made in 160 patients with this abnormality, 87 of them were operated on. The histological structure of cavernomas was shown to be heterogeneous. Different types of their clinical course are analyzed and the optimum diagnostic criteria of the diseases substantiated. Removal of supratentorial cavernomas is the method of choice, which eliminates a risk for rehemorrhage and positively affects the course of the convulsive syndrome. Exceptions are the cavernomas that are located in the functionally important brain regions difficult to reach. In these cases, the indication for surgery may be severe rehemorrhage or drug-untreated frequent seizures. Removal of cavernomas does not rule out a long-term use of anticonvulsants. They may be discontinued only on the basis of clinical and electroencephalographic control.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Rat brain reactions to acute brain stem lesion on dynamics of parameters of cerebral electric activity].

Despite an old history of a question, adaptive brain reactions that develop after an acute brainstem lesion have not been adequately investigated. With the aim to study the central mechanisms of compensation/decompensation and to specify the character of involvement of orbitofrontal cortex and hippocampus into these processes the spatiotemporal organization of brain electric activity was analyzed in 8 rats before and after electrolytic brainstem lesion at the level of the lateral vestibular nucleus Deiters (VND). The electric activity was recorded from symmetric frontal and somatosensory cortical areas, hippocampal areas CA1, and intact VND. Spectralcoherent analysis showed that adaptive reactions are most clearly manifested by changes in the spatiotemporal organization of the theata activity: 1) early brainstemhippocampal synchronization of the electric activity in the frequency range of 6-7 Hz with subsequent involvement of anterior cortical regions is characteristic of survived animals; 2) independent hippocampal-cortical hemispheric system of excitation in the frequency of 4-5 Hz precedes the fatal outcome. On the day before the fatal outcome the interhemispheric coherence in the orbitofrontal cortex dropped, which suggests the involvement of these brain regions into the processes of visceral regulation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary meningioma of the ventricle IV].

A clinical observation of a rare neurosurgical pathology, i.e. meningioma growing in the cavity of ventricle IV, is reported. The female patient underwent a surgery of tumor eradication. Issues related with diagnostics, treatment tactics and disease prognostication are discussed on the basis of literature survey. Practical recommendations on treatment tactics are provided with regard for the discussed published data and the mentioned clinical case.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Aspergillosis of the central nervous system (clinical observation and review of literature)].

Aspergillosis of the central nervous system presents a challenge faced with the problems arising from the establishing the diagnosis, the low efficiency of treatment, and high mortality rates (about 95% as shown by some data). This paper presents a clinical case of a patient with aspergillosis-induced central nervous system lesion verified by autopsy. Possible errors in the diagnosis and treatment of the patient are analyzed. The literature data including clinical cases, etiopathogenesis, and clinical manifestations and its possible complications are presented. Groups of patients at risk for invasive aspergillosis are considered. The paper gives the data available in the foreign literature on the methods and efficiency of treatment and mortality rates in different groups of patients. The urgency of the problem in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral aspergillosis rises with the increased number of patients with immunological disorders due to infectious diseases (HIV), social (drug addiction, alcoholism), environmental, and other factors.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chiasmatic cavernoma].

Hemorrhage into the structures of the anterior visual pathway, apoplexy of the chiasma or optic nerves, is a rare pathology that can be caused by different pathological processes among which cavernous angioma and arteriovenous malformation are more frequently mentioned. The cause of chiasmatic apoplexy may be also hemorrhage into the tumor--chiasmatic glioma of blood penetration into the chiasma in pituitary apoplexy. The authors describe a rare case of chiasmatic apoplexy whose cause was chiasmatic cavernoma. In addition to acute visual disorders suggesting the involvement of the left optic nerve, chiasma, and left visual pathway, 23-year-old patient had endocrine disorders as polyuria, polydipsia, which first suggests craniopharyngioma and glioma of the chiasma. A capsule and hematomic clots were removed from the thickened left optic nerve and left chiasmatic half during surgery. Only did a morphological study involving immunohistochemical analysis permit identification of the process as hemorrhage from cavernous micromalformation with the formation of hematoma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Giant cavernous malformation of the cerebellum in a baby].

The paper presents a rare case of successful removal of giant cavernous malformation of the cerebellum in a baby. It describes the specific features of differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the posterior cranial fossa in infants in detail.

Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of factors influencing the prediction of surgical treatment for symptomatic temporal lobe epilepsy].

The results of treatment were analyzed in 37 patients with drug-resistant symptomatic temporal lobe epilepsy among whom there were 22 patients with low-grade intracellular tumors, 2 with cavernomas; 6 with cortical malformations, and 9 with residual organic lesions. Double pathology was noted in 4 patients. Mono- and multiregional lesions were observed in 30 cases. Removal of the site of lesion, extended medial resections, and temporal lobectomy were performed in 7, 5, and 25 cases, respectively. There was an association of the quality of outcomes with the scope of an intervention: the best results were achieved when the affected area with adjacent cortical portions was completely removed within the eliptogenic area. Resections for multiregional lesions are low effective.

Adolescent↗