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Biomedical subjects

L W Bennett

Publications and source records attributed to L W Bennett.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Effects of injected gluconeogenic supplementation on the performance of broilers from young breeders.

Previous research has shown that administering carbohydrates to late-term embryos increases chick hatching weight and liver glycogen content and that supplementing broiler chicks from young hens at day of hatch with subcutaneously injected hydrolyzed casein and thiamine enhances their early performance. It was hypothesized that other practical and readily available gluconeogenic energy sources, including hydrolyzed casein, may similarly be given to hatchlings from immature breeder hens to increase the availability of liver glycogen reserves and augment growth. In addition to physiological saline (sham) and hydrolyzed casein treatments, 2 other treatments containing practical gluconeogenic energy sources (chicken egg crude albumin or albumin hydrolysate) were tested in the current study using hatchlings that were subsequently provided adequate brooding and nutrition. Added biotin was included in the crude albumin treatment. There were no treatment effects on mortality, BW gain, feed or water consumption, feed conversion, body temperature, hematocrit, plasma refractive index, relative liver weight, or liver glycogen content at any of the ages or age intervals examined through d 16 posthatch. These results suggest that under proper brooding conditions and timely feed provision, growth is not facilitated by injected casein hydrolysate, chicken egg crude albumin, or chicken egg albumin hydrolysate during the early transition from fat to carbohydrate-based nutrient uptake in posthatch chicks from young breeder hens.

Albumins↗
PubMed2005

Relationships among prehatch and posthatch physiological parameters in early nutrient restricted broilers hatched from eggs laid by young breeder hens.

The objective of this study was to establish relationships among various physiological parameters in early (through 72 h posthatch) nutrient restricted broiler chicks from young breeder hens. Despite a 19% decrease in mean BW between 0 and 72 h posthatch, there were no chick mortalities. Liver glycogen peaked at 24 h, and peaks in rectal temperature, plasma glucose, and plasma refractive index occurred at 48 h. By 24 h, negative correlations were noted between BW and relative liver weight and between liver glycogen and both refractive index and rectal temperature. By 24 h, positive correlations were noted between relative liver weight and liver glycogen, BW and plasma glucose, rectal temperature and plasma glucose, and rectal temperature and body fat loss score. Mean daily relative egg weight loss between 0 and 19 d of incubation (RIEWL) was positively correlated with rectal temperature at 0 h but was negatively correlated with rectal temperature at 24 h and liver glycogen at 24 and 48 h. Furthermore, mean relative hatching chick weight (RHCW) had significantly positive correlations with plasma glucose at 6 h and rectal temperature at 48 and 72 h. Broilers having a greater RHCW after hatching from eggs with a lower RIEWL may maintain higher metabolic rates between 24 and 72 h posthatch despite nutrient deprivation. However, broiler chicks from eggs exhibiting a higher than optimal RIEWL may have greater dependence on gluconeogenesis, thus requiring stricter management during initial brooding.

Aging↗
PubMed1999

Late traumatic intraocular lens extrusion after penetrating keratoplasty.

BACKGROUND: Penetrating keratoplasty places a patient at risk for wound rupture from blunt trauma because the graft-host interface remains weakened for years after the surgery. Violent environments, contact sports, and strenuous activity put patients with compromised corneal structural integrity at high risk of traumatic injury. CASE REPORT: This case report presents a 42-year-old penetrating keratoplasty patient with a history of homelessness, polysubstance abuse, and domestic violence. This patient experienced a ruptured globe at the graft-host junction secondary to a direct blow by a fist, which extruded the intraocular lens from the eye. After emergency wound closure, the graft continued to degrade until bullous keratopathy developed. With little visual recovery potential for this graft, a Gunderson conjunctival flap procedure was implemented to decrease chronic ocular pain. CONCLUSIONS: After penetrating keratoplasty, patients should be periodically reminded of the susceptibility of the graft wound to injury from high-risk activity and violence. Constant use of protective eyewear should be recommended to corneal transplant recipients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Ocular ischemic syndrome as initial manifestation of bilateral carotid occlusive disease.

BACKGROUND: The ocular ischemic syndrome is a rare constellation of ocular signs and symptoms that are secondary to severe carotid artery stenosis. The patient may report decreased vision and ocular pain, while objective findings are variable and include midperipheral dot and blot hemorrhages, rubeosis (with or without neovascular glaucoma), a mid-dilated and poorly reactive pupil, and uveitis. The visual prognosis is generally poor, and treatment is primarily aimed at management of the underlying carotid occlusive disease. METHODS: Two cases are presented in which the ocular ischemic syndrome was the initial manifestation of complete bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion. Both patients experienced severe unilateral loss of vision. Internal carotid endarterectomies could not be performed, so medical and surgical management concentrated on maintenance of vascular collateral pathways. CONCLUSIONS: The ophthalmic complications of the ocular ischemic syndrome can be devastating--the underlying systemic conditions are life-threatening. It is imperative the clinician be aware of the signs and symptoms of carotid artery disease in order to facilitate prompt diagnosis and appropriate referral.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Liver and kidney concentrations of zinc, copper and cadmium in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): variations due to size, season and health status.

Significant differences in liver and kidney concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) were detected in normal Mississippi farm-raised channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) collected at different times of the year. These seasonal differences were not solely due to variation in fish size. Comparing the concentration of each metal in liver vs kidney indicated that Cd was lower in liver for all seasons studied, Cu was higher in liver for all seasons studied, and Zn was higher in the liver in the winter-killed (winter mortality syndrome) and the spring fish groups. Metal concentration was associated with body weight, as indicated by significant Pearson correlation coefficients for kidney Cd (all seasons and fall), liver Cu (summer), liver Zn (all seasons and winter), and kidney Zn (all seasons and winter). The adjusted means were not dramatically changed as compared to the raw data. Differences were noted when seasonal values obtained from normal fish were compared to tissues of moribund fish afflicted with winter mortality syndrome. Zinc was reduced in liver and kidney of these moribund fish.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Substance abuse and the domestic assault of women.

Social workers often meet with practice situations, sometimes unknowingly, where domestic assault coincides with substance abuse by the batterer or victim. Knowledge for practice in this complex area is both minimal and remote. This article examines current research on the involvement of substance abuse in woman abuse and discusses issues of assessment and intervention.

Crisis Intervention↗
PubMed1994

Domestic abuse by male alcohol and drug addicts.

Sixty-three male inpatient alcohol and drug addicts and 34 of their female partners participated in a study of variables associated with physical and nonphysical abuse of women. Results suggest that domestic abuse by male addicts is not directly related to experience of violence or addiction in the family of origin, external locus of control, or severity of alcohol abuse. Correlates of domestic abuse were an early onset of drug/alcohol-related problems; low income; a history of nonalcohol drug use, particularly cocaine; and a history of arrest and outpatient counseling.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Pseudophakic erythropsia.

BACKGROUND: Erythropsia is a temporary distortion of color vision where objects take on an abnormal reddish hue. Several drugs and disease conditions are associated with this acquired color anomaly. The following case reports identify one of these predisposing factors-pseudophakia. METHODS: Two pseudophakic adult white males were examined on separate occasions following complaints of transient reddening of vision after being outdoors. One patient was a monocular pseudophake with a posterior chamber intraocular lens, while the other had bilateral anterior chamber implants. None of the intraocular lens implants involved were ultraviolet-absorbing. RESULTS: Both patients were diagnosed with pseudophakic erythropsia. They were reassured and monitored routinely. At subsequent follow-up visits no recurrence of the symptoms was reported. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism of pseudophakic erythropsia remains obscure, but its association with exposure to high levels of ultraviolet light is well documented. While generally benign, its appearance may be disconcerting to the patient, and the use of additional ultraviolet protection can be recommended.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Potential natural exposure of Mississippi sandhill cranes to aflatoxin B1.

A survey was conducted to determine if carcinogenic mycotoxins were present in foods consumed by Mississippi sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis pulla). Samples of field corn (Zea mays) (n = 111) and chufa (Cyperus esculentus) (n = 20), obtained in 1987, 1988 and 1989 on the Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge (MSCNWR) and nearby private lands were analyzed for aflatoxin B1(AB1), ochratoxin A and sterigmatocystin using thin layer chromatography. Chufa samples were negative for all three mycotoxins. Aflatoxin B1 was found in corn at concentrations from 5 to 5,000 ppb; the other mycotoxins were not found in corn. Contaminated corn was found in 72% of all corn fields, but the proportion of contaminated fields was 57 to 100% for the 3-yr period. Contamination with AB1 was greatest in corn obtained from the ground post-harvest. Overall, 32% of corn samples from the ground had levels greater than or equal to 200 ppb with a mean of 427 ppb (range = 5 to 5,000 ppb) in contaminated fields. In 1989, mean AB1 concentration in corn on the ground was 5 to 1138 ppb for individual fields. The concentration of AB1 was less than or equal to 200 ppb in all corn samples from upright stalks. The study demonstrated that AB1 is available to sandhill cranes and at levels that may pose a serious health threat.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1990

Prepubertal exposure to dietary zearalenone alters hypothalamo-hypophysial function but does not impair postpubertal reproductive function of gilts.

At an average age of 70 d, 60 Yorkshire gilts born either in July (Trial 1; n = 30) or August (Trial 2; n = 30) received a diet containing zearalenone for 0 (control), 45 or 90 d. The concentration of zearalenone in diets was 2 ppm for 2 wk and 1.5 ppm for the remainder of the study. Vulval swelling and reddening was evident within 7 d after zearalenone was first fed. Zearalenone consumption had no effect on BW or backfat depth. Puberty occurred in Trial 1 at 219 +/- 6 d and was not influenced by zearalenone. Gilts in Trial 2 were divided into two groups; blood samples were taken from 12 gilts to assess pulsatile LH patterns and LH response to estradiol benzoate (EB) and 18 were handled similarly to those in Trial 1. Of this latter subgroup, age at puberty was younger (P less than .05) with zearalenone (217 +/- 7.0, 193 +/- 9.1 and 185.6 +/- 8.2 d for 0-, 45-, and 90-d treatments). Prepubertal consumption of zearalenone did not affect conception rates, ovulation rates, number of fetuses or percentage of embryo survival following mating at pubertal estrus. Two days before the 90-d experimental period ended for Trial 2, blood samples were taken from 12 gilts (four/treatment) every 15 min for 4 h prior to injection of EB (10 micrograms/kg) and every 6 h for 108 h after EB. Analysis of pulsatile patterns of LH revealed no influence of zearalenone on the number of peaks/4 h, baseline concentration or peak height.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of a therapeutic camping program on addiction recovery. The Algonquin Haymarket Relapse Prevention Program.

A group of 13 men and women in substance abuse treatment participated in a 3-day residential program experience based on integrated principles from adventure therapy, therapeutic camping, and relapse prevention. The experimental group is compared to a group of 18 men and women who received the usual and customary relapse prevention program. Both groups completed pre- and postintervention questionnaires. There were no differences in drinking-related locus of control, stress, or problem-solving between groups at postinterview, but there were significant improvements in autonomic arousal, frequency of negative thoughts, and alcohol craving. Participants in both groups were interviewed 10 months after the 3-day intervention. Considering individuals who were unreachable as relapsed, the 10-month follow-up relapse rate was 31% for the experimental group and 58% for the comparison group. These results add to the limited body of research supporting outdoor adventure and therapeutic camping experiences integrated with traditional relapse prevention activities as an adjunct to substance abuse treatment.

Adult↗