Biomedical subjects

L W Boyette

Publications and source records attributed to L W Boyette.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1997

Exercise adherence for a strength training program in older adults.

The first purpose of the present investigation was to examine initiation of a moderate intensity strength training and flexibility program in older adults. The second purpose was to assess adherence to training six months after conclusion of the initiation period. Forty-six apparently healthy older adults (mean age = 71.3; 33 women; 13 men) trained one hour, three days a week, for 4 months on a Nautilus Multi-Station Unit. The subjects trained on five upper extremity, three trunk, and three lower extremity stations. Training sessions consisted of 50 minutes of strength training and 10 minutes of flexibility exercises. Baseline exercise habits were obtained from the subjects using the Physical Exercise Profile (PEP). Subjects also completed portions of the PEP immediately following the conclusion of the 4-month intervention and 6 months later. The data were analyzed by chi square contingency tables. The subjects had over a 95% initiation rate during the study. Exercise leadership and program organization were found to be the most important reasons for the high initiation rate. Two determinants that influenced older adults to continue training were identified: satisfaction with the exercise routine and body image. These results indicate that exercise programs designed for older adults should emphasize exercise leadership to facilitate program initiation and subsequent exercise adherence.

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PubMed1997

Effects of a four-month strength training program on blood pressure in older adults.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 4-month strength training program on strength and blood pressure (BP) in older adults. The training protocol for the 43 experimental subjects (ES) (age 72.1, Sd 5.5 yr; Wt 72.4, Sd 12.3 kg; BMI 26.3, Sd 3.4) consisted of 8-12 reps at each of 50, 60 and 70% of their one repetition maximum (1RM), three days a week, for 16 weeks. The subjects trained on five upper extremity, three trunk, and three lower extremity muscle groups. They were evaluated for 1RM initially, after 3, 5, 7, 12, and 16 weeks of training. Daily systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial blood pressures (MABP) were averaged to produce BP values for baseline, weeks 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 16. Eighteen comparison subjects (age 71.8, Sd 4.6 yr--(CS)) were evaluated for strength and BP before and after the 4-month intervention period. The data were evaluated for differences by ANOVA, Scheffe' HSD tests and Pearson correlation coefficients. Baseline and 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 16 week BPs were evaluated for changes over time and relationships with trunk, upper, and lower extremity strength measurements for the ES. Following training, there was an overall increase in strength of 45% and each segment increased significantly (p<0.05). Systolic blood pressure remained unchanged, while MABP and DBP decreased 2.4 and 3 mmHg, respectively. Strength and BP shared significant, but moderate relationships before and after the training intervention. These results show that moderate intensity strength training greatly improved strength in older adults and had no adverse affect on BP responses.

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PubMed1997

Older adults' experiences of a strength training program.

Despite the recognized benefits of strength training in preventing physical and functional decline among older adults, little information exists on their views of this exercise modality. This study used focus groups to obtain an in-depth understanding of older adults' attitudes and concerns about a strength training intervention and to identify factors that determined their adherence to this exercise program. Three focus groups were conducted with 24 former participants after the completion of the 16-week intervention. Major themes that emerged from the focus group discussions were categorized according to Dishman, Sallis, and Orenstein's [1] framework of factors influencing adherence, including personal, activity, and environmental characteristics. The most frequently reported factors were enjoyment of strength training, accessibility of the exercise facility, and the social reinforcement provided by exercise leaders and partners. Recommendations for strength training program development with older adults are discussed in light of these factors.

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PubMed1997

A follow-up study on the effects of strength training with older adults.

This study was designed to evaluate changes in strength, and functional ability in older adults after completion of a 4-month strength training intervention. The follow-up sample consisted of 30 older adults (12 men and 18 women, 100% Caucasian; mean age = 71.8) who were evaluated an average of 15 months after completion of the training intervention. At the follow-up testing, 45% of the subjects reported that they continued strength training on their own after the conclusion of the strength training intervention. The data were evaluated for pre-, post-training, and follow-up differences via repeated measures ANOVA and Scheffé HSD tests. After the intervention, the subjects showed significant improvement in muscular strength and one of the functional tasks measuring coordination. From post- to the 15 month follow-up, the subjects declined in muscular strength and functional ability (mobility). However, at follow-up the subjects were stronger and had better coordination than before they entered the strength training intervention. These results suggest benefits were retained 15 months after the strength training intervention in a sample of relatively healthy older adults.

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PubMed1997

Effects of resistive training on strength gains in older adults.

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a moderate intensity, 16-week resistive strength training program on the rate and pattern of strength changes in trunk, upper, and lower extremity muscle groups. This study was also designed to determine the importance of muscle mass on strength gains during a training intervention with older adults. A repeated measures experimental design was employed with 43 experimental (ES) and 42 comparison subjects (CS). The active older sample had a relatively high level of strength for their age (72.1 yr) and had no contraindications for strength training. The ES trained five upper, three trunk, and three lower extremity muscle groups. Both ES and CS received pre- and post-testing assessments for muscle strength, muscle morphology, body composition, flexibility, and balance. The ES also received intermittent testing for one repetition maximum (1RM). ANOVA and Scheffé HSD tests were used to evaluate the data. The ES experienced significant strength gains (over 41% for each body segment) following the intervention. The rate of gain in this study was less than but the absolute strength gain was reasonably similar to values reported by studies in the literature [1,2]. There was no change in muscle mass (p>.05) following training. These results suggests that stronger active older adults have a muscle mass sufficient for greater strength and that training enables them to use available muscle mass more effectively. These results further suggest that muscle hypertrophy may be possible following strength training but it is not always necessary for strength improvement in older adults.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Development of an exercise expert system for older adults.

The purpose of this study was to develop a computerized exercise expert system (CEES) that creates tailored exercise plans for older adults. A panel of experts was selected in the areas of medicine, exercise physiology, health promotion, exercise psychology, and gerontology. The experts communicated with the principal investigator and the project members by mail, email, telephone, and expert meetings. A two-day workshop was held during the second year for the project members as well as local and national experts to review the CEES. The CEES demonstrated adequate inter-rater reliability (0.80) and criterion validity (0.70). Content validity was achieved by literature review and expert opinion. The CEES gathers information on the elder's health status, clinical factors, and exercise determinants that characterize specific barriers or incentives to exercise. The software program then develops individualized exercise prescriptions that are customized to older adults.

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