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L W Gierke

Publications and source records attributed to L W Gierke.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Effect of cooling on muscular health prior to running a marathon.

To examine the effects of a prerace whole-body cold shower on muscle soreness (MS) and on serum creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) isoenzyme activities, 16 experienced distance runners were randomly assigned to one of two treatment categories prior to running a marathon: cold shower (n = 8) or without cold shower (n = 8). Venous blood samples were drawn 3 days before the race, 10 minutes before the race, immediately (within 3 minutes) after the race, and at 1, 24, 48, and 96 hours postrace. Nine muscle sites were evaluated for soreness 10 minutes before the race, immediately after the race, and at 24, 48, and 96 hours postrace. The results showed a marked (P < .05) difference between the cold shower group and the group without cold showers for CK-MB/CK ratio, and no difference for CK, CK-MB, and MS. Both CK and CK-MB values peaked at 24 hours postrace. MS occurred most frequently immediately after the race and at 24 hours postrace. The MS was completely resolved in all subjects by 96 hours postrace. The most frequently reported sites of MS were the quadriceps, followed by the gastrocnemius, the soleus, and the tibialis anterior. Severe MS was rated highest at the quadriceps and the soleus, and the least at the gastrocnemius and the tibialis anterior. The data suggest that prerace whole-body cold showers neither prevented the production of serum CK and its MB fraction, nor attenuated MS after a marathon. Peak serum CK and CK-MB activity was not associated with the onset of MS.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effects of exercise training and anabolic steroids on plantaris and soleus phospholipids: a 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study.

1. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exercise, anabolic steroid treatment, and a combination of both treatments on the phospholipid composition of predominantly fast twitch (plantaris) and slow twitch (soleus) skeletal muscles. The 4 experimental groups analyzed were sedentary control (C), steroid-treated (S), exercise-trained (E), and exercise plus steroid-treated (ES). 2. Among the 11 phospholipids quantitated, for the plantaris muscle, phosphatidylcholine was reduced in ES relative to C, while phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen were elevated in E and ES relative to C. For the soleus muscle, phosphatidylserine was reduced in S and E relative to C, and cardiolipin was elevated in E relative to C. 3. Of the 27 metabolic indices calculated for the plantaris, 15 changed significantly among E and ES relative to S and C, while for the soleus, only three indices changed among the four groups, two among E and ES relative to S and C and one between S and C. 4. For the plantaris muscle, the results are consistent with an exercise-induced alteration of membrane phospholipid composition that increases ion translocation activity. For the soleus muscle, this membrane alteration essentially does not take place. 5. Steroid treatment had little to no statistically significant effect on plantaris and soleus muscle phospholipid systems, regardless of the imposed regimen.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1993

Effects of anabolic steroids and endurance exercise on cardiac performance.

This study examined the effects of anabolic steroids and exhaustive endurance exercise, and the combination of both treatments on in vitro cardiac contractile function. Fifty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned, in groups of 13, to one of the four groups: sedentary control (C), steroid-treated (ST), exercise-trained (E), and exercise plus steroid treated (E+S). Nandrolone decanoate was administered to the steroid-treated groups every 7-9 days during the 10 weeks study, while the C and E groups received glycerol injection on these occasions. The exercised rats ran on a treadmill wearing a collar weight (2-3% of body weight) for 50 min, 5 days a week. In vitro ventricular performance was assessed in isolated Langendorff perfused hearts in response to increasing left ventricular balloon volumes. Left ventricular +dP/dt, dP/dt at 60 mmHg developed pressure, tension time index, and Emax (slope of the pressure-volume curves) were significantly (p < 0.05) lowered in the E+S group, as compared to the C, E, or ST group. Meanwhile, the E group exhibited a higher (p < 0.05) left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) than the C and E+S groups. No significant differences in dP/dt/P, heart weight (wt), and heart wt to body wt ratio were detected among the four groups. Rats subjected to endurance exercise or anabolic steroid treatment alone exhibited no change in LV function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1992

Phosphodiesters in saponified extracts of human breast and colon tumors using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Saponified phospholipid extracts of malignant and normal human breast and colon surgical tissue specimens (n = 45) generate characteristic phosphodiester profiles using 31P magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy. The resultant 31P MR spectroscopic profiles of the analyzed tissues are used to differentiate malignant from normal. The appearance of an uncharacterized resonance at 0.29 delta in the malignant tissue spectra (50% of breast and 75% of colon specimens) is the most notable qualitative finding. Quantitatively, malignant colon tissues differ from normal colon tissues with depressed levels of phosphatidylserine and elevated levels of glycerol 3-phosphorylglycerol and an index measuring the summation of phospholipid polar head group residues with free hydroxyl groups. Malignant breast tissues have significantly elevated levels of glycerol 3-phosphorylethanolamine and significantly depressed levels of glycerol 3-phosphorylcholine compared to normal breast tissues, reflecting a perturbation in the balance of lipid residues that are the respective breakdown products of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The concentration of the polar head group residues is compared to 31P MR spectroscopic profiles of colon and breast tissue phospholipids, in order to demonstrate the quantitative nature of the technique employed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

NMR spectroscopy study of heart phospholipids. An exercise and anabolic steroids effect.

Because 31P NMR spectral analysis of phospholipid (PL) is an accurate and rapid technique for resolving the quantity of PL resonances and involving minimum chemical manipulations that may affect the integrity of the tissue (24-26), we studied the effect of anabolic steroid injection, exercise training, or a combination of both treatments on whole heart phospholipids using 31P NMR spectral analysis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 11 each: sedentary control (C), steroid-treated (ST), exercise-trained (E), and exercise plus steroid-treated (ES). The ST and ES rats were administered nandrolone decanoate by i.m. injection every 7-9 d during the 10 wk study, while the C and E rats were injected with glycerol. The exercise rats ran on a treadmill, wearing a collar weight for 50 min/day, 5 days/wk. There was a significant difference in body wt among the four groups at the conclusion of the study; however, no significant differences in heart wt or in the ratio of heart wt:body wt were observed among the four groups. Myocardial phospholipid profiles of the exercise-trained rats were significantly (p less than 0.05) different from those of the untrained rats. The changes were enhanced somewhat by the steroid treatment. The profiles differed in the relative amounts of four of the nine myocardial phospholipids detected: phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), PE plasmalogen, and phosphatidylserine. We conclude that the observed changes in whole heart phospholipid compositions are due to experimental treatment specifically from exhaustive exercise and not from anabolic steroids or cardiac hypertrophy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Phospholipid profiles of human colon cancer using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Phospholipids of 16 malignant and 11 non-malignant human colon specimens were analyzed using a chloroform-methanol analytical reagent in conjunction with 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 202.4 MHz. Sixteen individual generic phospholipids were identified and quantified for statistical intergroup comparisons. Statistically significant elevations in the relative concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine plasmalogen were seen in malignant tissues along with significantly depressed levels of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen. The malignant and non-malignant tissue groups were further differentiated by the detection of the minor phospholipids, lysophosphatidylcholine plasmalogen, lysophosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen, lysophosphatidic acid and phosphatidylglycerol exclusively present in the malignant tissues and by significant changes in computed phospholipid metabolic indices that were dominated by choline containing lipids. The 31P MRS methods used represent an advancement over previous protocols for identifying and quantifying major and minor tissue phospholipids making this the first direct study of membrane phospholipids in human colon tissues using 31P MRS. The phospholipid profiles obtained may provide important information regarding the nature of the malignant cell's membrane system and identify markers which may be used to estimate malignant propensity, aggressiveness of disease and provide prognostic information.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

31P magnetic resonance phospholipid profiles of neoplastic human breast tissues.

Phospholipids from malignant, benign and noninvolved human breast tissues were extracted by chloroform-methanol (2:1) and analysed by 31P MR spectroscopy at 202.4 MHz. Thirteen phospholipids were identified as constituents of the profiles obtained among the 55 tissue specimens analysed. Observed patterns in phospholipid tissues profiles were distinct, allowing qualitative characterisation of the three tissue groups. Multivariate analysis of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and an uncharacterised phospholipid were shown to be independently significant in predicting benign tissue histology as either fibrocystic disease or fibroadenoma in 92% of cases. Univariate analysis of relative mole-percentage of phosphorus concentrations of individual phospholipids using the Scheffé comparison procedure revealed that in malignant tissues, phosphatidylethanolamine was significantly elevated compared to benign (+ 32%) and noninvolved tissues (+ 22%). Phosphatidylinositol (+ 33%) and phosphatidylcholine plasmalogen (PC plas) (+ 25%) were increased in malignant compared to benign and LPC was decreased (-44%) in malignant compared to noninvolved. LPC was significantly depressed (-39%) in benign tissue compared to normal. Phospholipid indices computed to further characterise the three tissue groups showed PC plas/PC elevated in malignant tissue compared to benign and PE plas/PE depressed in malignant tissue compared to noninvolved. These findings support previous investigations reporting that the alkyl-phospholipid analogues of phosphatidylcholine are released by malignant tissues and that levels of ethanolamine are elevated in malignant tissues. Indices describing the choline-containing phospholipids showed that these lipids are depressed significantly in malignant tissue relative to healthy tissue.

Breast↗
PubMed1990

31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human colon cancer.

Phosphatic metabolite profiles of 19 malignant and normal human colon specimens were analyzed by techniques of perchloric acid extraction and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 202.4 MHz. Thirty-one individual phosphorus-containing intermediates of metabolism were identified and quantified for statistical intergroup comparisons. Elevations in relative concentrations of phosphorylethanolamine, IMP, NADP 2'-P, an uncharacterized resonance at 3.72 delta, glycerol 3-phosphorylcholine, phosphorylated glycans and the nucleoside diphosphosugars were seen in malignant tissues concurrently with reductions in relative concentrations of phosphorylcholine, phosphocreatine (PCr), and ATP. The malignant and normal tissue groups were further characterized and contrasted by computing metabolic indices from spectral data. Significant elevations in phosphomonoesters, glycerolphosphodiesters, the ratio of phosphorylethanolamine/phosphorylcholine, and phosphomonoesters/inorganic orthophosphate were detected in malignant tissues along with significant reductions in the ratios of PCr/inorganic orthophosphate, PCr/ATP, the energy charge of the adenylate system and the tissue energy modulus. These results revealed significant alterations in high energy metabolism, low energy metabolism, and membrane metabolism characteristic of malignant tissues. The reduction in high energy phosphates ATP and PCr was balanced by the net increase in nucleoside diphosphosugar and a shift in equilibrium to metabolism involving low energy phosphomonoesters. The spectral data of the tumors, which were of epithelial origin, demonstrated minor metabolites not previously detected in tissue extract analysis of malignant tissues. Detection of these minor metabolites represents an indirect measurement of phospholipid metabolism in malignant tissues.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1990

Vitamin D-independent intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption during reproduction.

A special metabolic cage system was employed to measure the intestinal, renal, and mammary gland fluxes of Ca, P, and Mg in vitamin D-deficient rats during late pregnancy and lactation. Dietary Ca, P, and Mg levels were 0.78, 0.34, and 0.083%, respectively; this diet minimizes the reduction in milk production observed during vitamin D deficiency. Compared with identically treated virgin rats, lactating rats were slightly hypocalcemic and severely hypophosphatemic. Hypertrophy of the small intestine, as indicated by increased intestinal length and villus height, occurred during lactation. Net fractional intestinal absorption of Ca and P, but not Mg, was elevated twofold during late pregnancy and throughout lactation. Despite this elevated intestinal absorption, lactating rats were in negative Ca and P balance and lost bone mass. The transfer rates of Ca, P, and Mg into milk were approximately 77% of values previously observed in vitamin D-replete rats. Lactating rats conserved P by dramatically reducing renal P excretion. Pup retention of ingested Ca was virtually complete. These results, together with previous observations using everted duodenal gut sacs, indicate that there is a vitamin D-independent stimulation of intestinal Ca and P absorption during pregnancy and lactation. Because fractional Mg absorption was not similarly enhanced, this stimulation shows some specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic profiles of neoplastic human breast tissues.

Phosphorus-containing metabolites of human breast tissues from malignant, benign, and noninvolved breast parenchymal specimens were examined by using techniques of perchloric acid extraction and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Twenty-four separate resonances arising from the established phosphorylated metabolites of high-energy- and low-energy-phosphate intermediary metabolism were identified and quantitated. Subsequent to magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis, the data from the three tissue groups were compared and contrasted on a statistical basis by using Scheffé simple and complex contrast procedures. Theories of tumor metabolism and biochemical interactions were invoked, including the tissue high-energy-/low-energy-phosphate modulus, the phosphomonoester/Pi ratio, and 10 other metabolic indices. The data demonstrated the ability of 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy to differentiate among the three tissue groups. Both benign and malignant tumors demonstrated comparable Warburg effects. Phosphomonoester metabolism was shown to be altered in neoplastic tissues relative to the noninvolved tissues. Phosphocreatine was elevated in benign tumors. This elevation in phosphocreatine plus a parallel elevation in an uncharacterized phosphate resonating at a chemical shift of 3.66 delta permits the important differentiation between malignancy and benignancy in human breast disease. The tissue energy modulus indicated that benign tissue is relatively more aerobic than noninvolved tissue and significantly more aerobic than malignant tissue.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1986

Lyme carditis. Electrophysiologic and histopathologic study.

To further define the nature of Lyme carditis, electrophysiologic study and endomyocardial biopsy were performed in a patient with Lyme disease, whose principal cardiac manifestation was high-degree atrioventricular block. Intracardiac recording demonstrated supra-Hisian block and complete absence of an escape mechanism. Gallium 67 scanning demonstrated myocardial uptake, and right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy revealed active lymphocytic myocarditis. A structure compatible with a spirochetal organism was demonstrated in one biopsy specimen. It is concluded that Lyme disease can produce active myocarditis, as suggested by gallium 67 imaging and confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy. Furthermore, the presence of high-grade atrioventricular block in this disease requires aggressive management with temporary pacemaker and corticosteroid therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Sustained postischemic cardiodepression following magnesium-diltiazem cardioplegia.

Magnesium-diltiazem cardioplegia was evaluated in the intact, perfused rat heart to determine whether the joint administration of these agents would adversely affect myocardial contractile and high-energy phosphate recovery following intermittent, normothermic global ischemic arrest. Sequential metabolic and functional analyses were performed on isolated perfused rat hearts during each phase of the experimental protocol: control (10 min), normoxic cardioplegia (10 min), intermittent global ischemic arrest (two 15-min periods separated by 2 min infusion of the normoxic cardioplegic perfusate), and normoxic postischemic control reperfusion (60 min). Four different cardioplegic solutions were evaluated: 30 mM KCl, 30 mM KCl with 2 mg diltiazem/liter, 20 mM MgCl2, and 20 mM MgCl2 with 2 mg diltiazem/liter. Myocardial phosphatic metabolite levels and intracellular pH were analyzed nondestructively in the intact hearts by phosphorus-31 NMR spectroscopy. Corresponding measurements of peak left intraventricular pressure, rate of peak pressure development (dP/dt), and contraction frequency were performed at the midpoint during each 5-min interval of 31P NMR signal averaging. Magnesium plus diltiazem-treated hearts were distinguished from all other groups by a marked delay in postischemic functional recovery consisting of a prolonged depression in contractility (34% of control, P less than 0.01) that persisted throughout the first 50 min of postischemic reperfusion. Diltiazem in combination with magnesium cardioplegia was detrimental to postischemic functional recovery, despite a rapid restoration of high-energy phosphate stores. The apparent adverse interactive effects of excess magnesium and diltiazem suggest that elective ischemic arrest with magnesium cardioplegia in combination with diltiazem may be contraindicated clinically. The mechanistic basis and drug specificity of this response require further clarification. The present findings appear to exclude ATP and PCr production, and structural causes as the basis for the observed aberrant functional recovery from global ischemia of magnesium plus diltiazem-arrested hearts.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗