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Biomedical subjects

L W Jones

Publications and source records attributed to L W Jones.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Perineal injuries in children.

Over a 12-year period, 463 children under 13 years of age were treated for perineal injuries. The most common cause of injury was a fall astride, but motor vehicle trauma and rape were responsible for most of the severe and multiple injuries. Physical or sexual abuse was evident in 178 (38 per cent) of children, and four sustained injuries from forceful enema. Minor abrasions or first degree tears (88 per cent) and second degree tears (6 per cent) were sutured primarily or allowed to granulate with sepsis rates of 1.2 per cent and 14 per cent respectively. Twenty-nine (6 per cent) children sustained third degree lacerations; one died from secondary pelvic haemorrhage. In the 28 survivors, the outcome of primary (18) or delayed (ten) surgical repair was related to whether or not early defunctioning colostomy had been performed.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1991

Image guided localized 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of acute urinary tract obstruction.

Using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, localized spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging we studied effects of acute urinary obstruction in the in vivo pig kidney. Accumulation of urine in the renal pelvis and collecting ducts resulted in the appearance of a new peak in the localized phosphorus spectra originating in the renal papilla, resonating at 3.43 to 4.56 ppm. This was inorganic phosphate with a pH of 5.60 to 6.79 (urine pH). Imaging did not show any dilatation of renal pelvis. There was a significant time dependent fall in renal [ATP] during urinary obstruction followed by a rapid "overshoot" of [ATP] and disappearance of the phosphate peak after release of obstruction. Possible mechanisms for this phenomenon are discussed. We conclude that 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides early evidence of urinary obstruction in vivo and could be of value in clinical diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Possible allergic reactions to cyclopentolate hydrochloride: case reports with literature review of uses and adverse reactions.

Cyclopentolate has been widely used as a cycloplegic and mydriatic agent for over 30 years. It has gained widespread use as the cycloplegic drug of first choice for most children over the age of 1 year and allows many optometrists and ophthalmologists to carry out quick, successful cycloplegic refractions with few complications. During this time very few side-effects have been reported with the most commonly used 1% solution. This paper outlines two cases in which a possible allergic-type reaction occurred shortly after the instillation of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride in 'Minims' form (Smith and Nephew). This article also reviews the uses and side-effects of cyclopentolate and aims to warn practitioners about the possibility of such reactions, ways of avoiding their occurrence and suitable measures to take should they occur.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Metabolic effects of sodium nitroprusside on the pig kidney in vivo: studies by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied to the pig kidney in vivo to determine the metabolic effects of infusion of sodium nitroprusside, and of more severe hypotension produced by venesection or halothane. Sodium nitroprusside 7-20 micrograms kg-1 min-1 reduced mean systemic arterial pressure (AP) of the pig from 89 to 46 mm Hg. Glomerular filtration rate and total sodium reabsorption were reduced proportionally. Renal metabolism, assessed by the ratio [ATP]: [Pi] (inorganic phosphate), did not change. Adding halothane or venesection to nitroprusside hypotension caused a further reduction in systemic AP to 42 and 39 mm Hg, respectively. Renal [ATP] decreased in direct proportion to mean AP. It is concluded that sodium nitroprusside, even in high doses, does not reduce renal oxygen delivery as assessed by the ability of the kidney to maintain normal ATP content. However, haemorrhage or an increase in halothane dosage results in irreversible damage to the energy producing processes of the kidney. This may be relevant to the clinical use of the drug.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1979

Establishment and characterization of a human prostatic carcinoma cell line (PC-3).

The establishment, characterization, and tumorigenicity of a new epithelial cell line (PC-3) from a human prostatic adenocarcinoma metastatic to bone is reported. The cultured cells show anchorage-independent growth in both monolayers and in soft agar suspension and produce subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. Culture of the transplanted tumor yielded a human cell line with characteristics identical to those used initially to produce the tumor. PC-3 has a greatly reduced dependence upon serum for growth when compared to normal prostatic epithelial cells and does not respond to androgens, glucocorticoids, or epidermal or fibroblast gowth factors. Karyotypic analysis by quinacrine banding revealed the cells to be completely aneuploid with a modal chromosome number in the hypotriploid range. At least 10 distinctive marker chromosomes were identified. The overall karyotype as well as the marker chromosomes are distinct from those of the HeLa cell. Electron microscopic studies revealed many features common to neoplastic cells of epithelial origin including numerous microvilli, junctional complexes, abnormal nuclei and nucleoli, abnormal mitochondria, annulate lamellae, and lipoidal bodies. Overall, the functional and morphologic characteristics of PC-3 are those of a poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma. These cells should be useful in investigating the biochemical changes in advanced prostatic cancer cells and in assessing their response to chemotherapeutic agents.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Replicative epithelial cell cultures from normal human prostate gland.

Epithelial cell cultures of the normal human prostate gland were established. The subculturing of these cultures was accomplished with a novel nonenzymatic technique. These cultures were defined as normal epithelial cells on the basis of ultrastructure, karyotype, and inability to grow in soft agar.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1977

Lymphocyte response to transitional cell carcinoma: peripheral cytotoxicity and local tumor infiltration.

The cytotoxicity of peripheral lymphocytes from patients with transitional cell carcinoma was evaluated and the results were compared to the degree of local lymphocytic infiltration in the bed of the primary tumor. Although a clear correlation was not established local lymphocytic infiltration was associated more commonly with tumor-related peripheral lymphocyte cytotoxicity.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1976

Controlled electrical bladder evacuation via stimulation of the sacral micturition center or direct detrusor stimulation.

Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord and of the detrusor was compared in 5 'acute' dogs. Strong detrusor contraction and rise in intravesical pressure were obtained either way but, with spinal cord stimulation, concomitant rise in urethral resistance prevented micturition. Stimulation with a bladder pacemaker induced detrusor contraction high enough to overcome outflow resistance, thus was more effective in initiating voiding.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Urodynamic evaluation of a chronically implanted bladder pacemaker.

A "chronic" study of an implantable bladder pacemaker revealed that, although the electrode array did not significantly impair vesical function during the 10 weeks of research, electric stimulation did spread to the voluntary perineal musculature. There was also a drop in bladder response to the same stimulation parameters, probably due to progressive development of fibrous reaction and encasement of electrodes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Recovery of bladder function after spinal cord transection.

All dogs having undergone spinal cord transection in our study exhibited a postoperative phase of spinal shock, with complete urinary retention and areflexic detrusor. This shock phase lasted between 2 and 6 weeks. Sequential pressure studies of paraplegic dogs substantiated the clinical supposition that urinary retention during spinal shock phase is caused by an unresponsive detrusor. The sphincteric mechanism could be the implicated as an etiologic agent. Return of detrusor reflex activity was observed in all animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Spinal cord stimulation versus detrusor stimulation. A comparative study in six "acute" dogs.

Spinal cord stimulation and direct bladder stimulation were evaluated in an "acute" comparative study of six dogs. Both means were effective in inducing strong detrusor contraction and rise in intravesical pressure. Spinal cord stimulation, however, induced greater rise in outflow resistance than did direct bladder stimulation. Effective net intravesical pressure was higher with direct stimulation and thus more successful in achieving bladder emptying.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1975

Glomerular antigen complexes associated with transitional cell carcinoma.

An immunofluorescent pattern consistent with glomerular complexes of tumor antigen bound to IgM antibody has been observed in a patient without clinical or pathologic evidence of renal disease. The findings support the thesis that tumors may shed antigen capable of eliciting an immune response which may or may not be associated with clinically evident glomerulopathy.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endorectal surface coil MR imaging of prostatic carcinoma with the inversion-recovery sequence.

The value of inversion-recovery (IR) sequences in the diagnosis and staging of prostatic carcinoma with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was studied. Twenty-six patients with carcinoma of the prostate were imaged at 1.5 T with an endorectal surface coil and with a variety of IR sequences and a set of spin-echo (SE) sequences for comparison. Ex vivo prostate specimens were imaged again at the same field strength. The two images were correlated with histologic sections. Cancer was identified with MR imaging in 96% of patients. Of the tumors more than 4 mm in diameter, 87% were identified on T2-weighted SE images, whereas only 26% were identified on IR images. However, IR images may be more useful in local staging of carcinoma. Gross capsular infiltration was present in only two patients; however, it was detectable (and excluded in five other patients) by means of IR images. It was not detectable on SE images. The high quality of images obtained with the endorectal coil was confirmed. The authors conclude that addition of the IR sequence to MR imaging with the endorectal coil may improve the usefulness of this examination.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Port film dosage in radiation therapy.

Portal verification has led many radiation therapy departments to implement policies of taking weekly port films for every patient. This has caused some to question the impact of port film dosage, once considered negligible. Using clinical data from 100 patients, this article examines the impact of port film dosage and offers suggestions for documentation and alternatives for decreasing dosages.

Humans↗