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Biomedical subjects

L W Lawrence

Publications and source records attributed to L W Lawrence.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

The use of clinical and management case studies to increase problem solving skills.

Clinical laboratory science (CLS) students are presented courses in each of the laboratory disciplines and often are not given the opportunity to correlate data from all areas of the laboratory as it relates to a patient. Management courses are often taught in a classroom setting without an opportunity for real-life problem solving. To address these two deficiencies in our curriculum, a self-directed learning course was developed to give students an opportunity to apply skills and knowledge acquired in the classroom to clinical laboratory science practice and to demonstrate problem solving, communication and presentation skills. After entry into the clinical practicum courses, students are required to gather data and present a clinical case study involving several laboratory disciplines or to identify a laboratory management problem and present solutions. Students are assigned a clinical faculty advisor to assist with identification of the case and data collection and an academic faculty advisor to assist with presentation preparation. Clinical faculty advisors are invited to attend the student presentations and earn continuing education credit. Evaluations of the course by students, clinical and academic faculty are favorable. The course has been offered for three years and will be continued with ongoing changes to improve it each year.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗

The effectiveness of a needleless intravenous connection system: an assessment by injury rate and user satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of a needleless intravenous (i.v.) connection system on the rate of reported intravenous-connection-related (IVCR) percutaneous injuries, and to assess user satisfaction, frequency of use, and barriers to use. DESIGN: A pre-post intervention design, with injury incidence rates being compared 3 years before and 1 year after hospital wide device implementation; and a cross-sectional descriptive user satisfaction survey. SETTING: Two tertiary-care teaching hospitals, one general and one pediatric, located in a large metropolitan medical center. OUTCOME VARIABLE: All IVCR percutaneous injuries reported to the employee health services at both hospitals during the years from 1989 to 1991 and 1993. STUDY POPULATION: Survey participants were selected randomly from licensed nursing employees at both hospitals. INTERVENTION: i.v. connection system consisting of blunt plastic cannulas and compressed latex injection sites. RESULTS: After device implementation, the IVCR injury rate was reduced 62.4% (rate ratio [RR], 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 0.27-0.53) at the general hospital and 70.2% (RR, 0.30; CI95, 0.17-0.53) at the pediatric hospital. After adjusting for the reduction in injury rate due to factors other than device implementation, the IVCR injury rate was reduced 54.5% (adjusted RR, 0.46; CI95, 0.32-0.65) at the general hospital and 57.2% (adjusted RR, 0.43; CI95, 0.24-0.78) at the pediatric hospital. Approximately 94% of survey respondents (n = 478, response rate = 51%) were satisfied with the device and recommended continued use. However, needles still were being used for activities that could have been performed with the needleless system because of compatibility, accessibility, and other technical problems related to the device. CONCLUSIONS: The device was effective in reducing the rate of reported IVCR percutaneous injuries and users were satisfied with the device, but barriers to universal use were identified.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗

The public's image of doctors, dentists, and pharmacists.

The basic purpose of this study was to evaluate the public's image of three health professions. Q questionnaire was administered by telephone to a random sample of 150 residents of a southern metropolitan area. Respondents were asked to evaluate seven professions on (1) social standing (prestige), (2) honest and ethical standards, (3) importance to society and nation, and (4) interesting and challenging occupation. Overall findings indicate that doctors rated significantly higher than dentists, and pharmacists in all areas except honest and ethical standards. The three groups were rated equally on this factor. Cross tabulations of respondents by income, age, education, and sex revealed that there were no significant differences in the ratings of these groups on the basis of socio-economic characteristics of respondents except for pharmacists. Male respondents rated pharmacists significantly lower than female respondents.

Attitude to Health↗