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Biomedical subjects

L W Lindquist

Publications and source records attributed to L W Lindquist.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Association between marginal bone loss around osseointegrated mandibular implants and smoking habits: a 10-year follow-up study.

While many factors are conceivable, occlusal loading and plaque-induced inflammation are frequently stated as the most important ones negatively affecting the prognosis of oral implants. Currently, little is known about the relative importance of such factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of smoking and other possibly relevant factors on bone loss around mandibular implants. The participants were 45 edentulous patients, 21 smokers and 24 non-smokers, who were followed for 10-year period after treatment with a fixed implant-supported prosthesis in the mandible. The peri-implant bone level was measured on intraoral radiographs, information about smoking habits was based on a careful interview, and oral hygiene was evaluated from clinical registration of plaque accumulation. Besides standard statistical methods, multiple linear regression models were constructed for estimation of the relative influence of some factors on peri-implant bone loss. The long-term results of the implant treatment were good, and only three implants (1%) were lost. The mean marginal bone loss around the mandibular implants was very small, about 1 mm for the entire 10-year period. It was greater in smokers than in non-smokers and correlated to the amount of cigarette consumption. Smokers with poor oral hygiene showed greater marginal bone loss around the mandibular implants than those with good oral hygiene. Oral hygiene did not significantly affect bone loss in non-smokers. Multivariate analyses showed that smoking was the most important factor among those analyzed for association with peri-implant bone loss. The separate models for smokers and non-smokers revealed that oral hygiene had a greater impact on peri-implant bone loss among smokers than among non-smokers. This study showed that smoking was the most important factor affecting the rate of peri-implant bone loss, and that oral hygiene also had an influence, especially in smokers, while other factors, e.g., those associated with occlusal loading, were of minor importance. These results indicate that smoking habits should be included in analyses of implant survival and peri-implant bone loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A prospective 15-year follow-up study of mandibular fixed prostheses supported by osseointegrated implants. Clinical results and marginal bone loss.

In this prospective study 47 edentulous patients were treated with mandibular fixed prostheses supported by osseointegrated Brånemark implants and followed for 12 to 15 years. Three (1%) of the 273 inserted implants were lost, two before and one six years after placement of the fixed prosthesis. The cumulative success rate (CSR) of the implants was 98.9% both after 10 and 15 years. None of the fixed prostheses was lost and at the last follow-up, all patients had stable fixed prostheses in function (CSR 100%). The marginal bone loss around the implants was small, on average 0.5 mm during the first post surgical year and thereafter about 0.05 mm annually. More bone was lost around the anterior implants than around the most posterior ones. Smoking and poor oral hygiene had significant influence on bone loss, while occlusal loading factors such as maximal bite force, tooth clenching and length of cantilevers were of minor importance. It is concluded that the long-term results of the mandibular implant treatment were extremely successful, regarding both the fixed prostheses and implant stability. Bone resorption around the implants, albeit limited, was influenced by several factors, smoking and oral hygiene appeared to be most important.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Bone resorption around fixtures in edentulous patients treated with mandibular fixed tissue-integrated prostheses.

Bone loss around osseointegrated titanium fixtures supporting mandibular fixed prostheses has been measured by means of stereoscopic intraoral radiography. Forty-six patients treated with the osseointegration implant method according to Brånemark have been followed for an observation period of up to 6 years. The bone loss was small, approximately 0.5 mm during the first postsurgical year and thereafter 0.06 to 0.08 mm annually. Poor oral hygiene and clenching of teeth significantly influenced bone loss. More bone was lost around the medial fixtures than around the more posterior ones.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The effect of different prosthetic restorations on the dietary selection in edentulous patients. A longitudinal study of patients initially treated with optimal complete dentures and finally with tissue-integrated prostheses.

The effect of prosthetic restoration of masticatory ability on dietary selection was evaluated in 23 edentulous patients with denture adaptation problems. The patients were first given optimal complete dentures and then a fixed prosthesis on tissue-integrated implants in the lower jaw. Changes in dietary selection were evaluated from 4-day records obtained before prosthetic treatment and on six occasions up to 78 months after treatment. With the method used, no significant changes in food selection were recorded during the rehabilitation period, except for a slight increase in intake of crisp bread and fresh fruit after treatment with fixed tissue-integrated prostheses in the mandibular jaw. It is concluded that an improved oral function will not in itself lead to a change in dietary selection and that dietary changes probably require professional and individually given dietary advice by a trained dietitian.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Prosthetic rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible. A longitudinal study of treatment with tissue-integrated fixed prostheses.

The aim of this study was to evaluate some effects of treatment first with optimised complete dentures and then with mandibular fixed tissue-integrated prostheses (TIPs). The most important functional variables studied were bite force, chewing efficiency and chewing ability. Other variables were changes in dietary selection and habits, psychological reactions, bone loss around the titanium fixtures in the long-term perspective and technical failures of the prosthetic and titanium components. The group of subjects studied comprised 64 dissatisfied complete denture wearers. They were divided and match-paired into 2 groups and, after initially being treated with optimised complete dentures, they were followed-up 6 and 4 years respectively after insertion of a mandibular fixed TIP. Treatment with optimised complete dentures produced small if any changes in functional, psychological or dietary variables compared with initial status. After treatment with a mandibular TIP, a dramatic improvement of the patients' assessment of their chewing ability and of the results of the chewing efficiency test and bite force measurements was recorded. The psychological reactions were also positive. However, the patients' dietary selection and habits did not change markedly compared to the original denture situation. Bone resorption around the titanium fixtures was in both groups 0.40-0.45 mm the first year after insertion of the TIP and then on average 0.06-0.08 mm annually. More bone loss was found around the mesially located fixtures than the distal ones. Oral hygiene was shown to influence the rate of bone loss. Technical failures of the TIPs were uncommon and none of the 270 fixtures was lost after insertion of the mandibular TIP in both groups during the follow-up period. In conclusion, the results given in Papers I-VI show that although the TIP method is demanding and expensive in its initial stages, the clinical and economic investments made are obviously sound in the long-term perspective. Especially when the psychosocial benefits are considered, the overall cost-benefit ratio of treatment with tissue-integrated prostheses therefore seems to be very favourable.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Changes in bite force and chewing efficiency after denture treatment in edentulous patients with denture adaptation difficulties.

Masticatory function was studied by means of a chewing efficiency test and bite forces measurements in forty-nine edentulous patients who had applied for treatment with fixed protheses on osseointegrated dental implants. Registrations were performed with the original complete dentures and after treatment aiming at optimizing the dentures. The patients were divided into two groups and the post-treatment recordings were completed after adaptation periods of 2 and 6 months, respectively. The functional tests showed mainly small and non-significant changes after the denture treatment. Improvement was greater, however, in those with the poorest pre-treatment values. Chewing efficiency deteriorated after treatment in the older patients (more than 50 years) while it did not change in the younger ones. A longer adaptation period did not lead to better functional results. The findings are discussed in relation to the fact that the patients were waiting for implant treatment, with consequent psychological implications for interpretation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1985

Long-term effects on chewing with mandibular fixed prostheses on osseointegrated implants.

Twenty-seven edentulous patients with denture adaptation problems were first given optimal conventional complete dentures and then a fixed prosthesis on osseointegrated dental implants in the lower jaw (and a complete maxillary denture). Masticatory function was evaluated by means of a questionnaire, a comminution test for chewing efficiency, and bite force measurements on four occasions: with the original (I) and optimal complete dentures (II) and 2 months (III) and 3 years (IV) after insertion of the fixed mandibular prosthesis on implants. No significant improvement of masticatory function was found after conventional denture treatment. After insertion of the fixed mandibular implant bridge, a marked improvement of the patients' assessment of their chewing ability and of the results of the chewing efficiency test and the bite force measurements was recorded. The test results were further improved after the 3-year observation period, which indicates that adaptation to the new prosthetic situation is a gradual process.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1983

Psychological reactions to edentulousness and treatment with jawbone-anchored bridges.

Total edentulousness can lead to chewing problems as well as to feelings of insecurity and inferiority and considerable psycho-social problems. For many people a conventional removable denture is unsatisfactory. A new method - osseointegration - involves a titanium screw being operated into the jawbone and the attachment of a fixed bridge. In a controlled study, 26 patients were examined pre- and postoperatively 3 months and then 2 years after the insertion of a jawbone-anchored bridge. The majority of them state that there has been a significant improvement in their lives, that they have regained confidence in themselves, and that, in contrast to a conventional denture, they accept the fixed bridge as part of their body. More attention should be focused on psychological reactions to total edentulousness. Individuals who cannot be rehabilitated by means of conventional prosthetic procedures should be given the opportunity of having a jawbone-anchored bridge inserted. Such treatment means an odontological and psycho-social restitutio ad integrum.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term marginal periimplant bone loss in edentulous patients.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the long-term periimplant bone loss in patients treated with implant-supported fixed prostheses in both jaws. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants comprised 44 edentulous patients who have been followed for a 15-year period after treatment with a fixed implant-supported prosthesis in the mandible. Thirteen of them also received an implant-supported fixed prosthesis in the maxilla, on average 4.5 years after the mandibular treatment. The periimplant bone level was measured on intraoral radiographs. RESULTS: The long-term results of the implant treatment were successful, and only 1% (3/273) of the implants were lost in the mandible and 7% (5/75) in the maxilla. All but one of the failures occurred before the connection of the prostheses. The mean marginal bone loss around the implants was small (less than 1 mm for a 10-year period after implant placement), and was of similar magnitude in both jaws. However, the individual variation was relatively great. There was no significant difference in marginal bone loss between those who had a maxillary complete denture during the entire observation period and those who had received a fixed implant-supported maxillary prosthesis. Smokers lost more periimplant bone than did the nonsmokers; the difference was significant in the mandible but small and nonsignificant in the maxilla. CONCLUSION: The long-term periimplant bone loss was small and of similar magnitude in the mandible and the maxilla in subjects who had received implant-supported fixed prostheses in both jaws. The prosthetic status in the maxilla, i.e., complete denture or fixed implant-supported prosthesis, had no significant influence on the mandibular periimplant bone loss.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ten-year longitudinal study of masticatory function in edentulous patients treated with fixed complete dentures on osseointegrated implants.

Twenty-three edentulous patients who had been treated with a mandibular fixed complete denture retained by osseointegrated implants were followed over a 10-year period. Nine of these patients had received a maxillary fixed implant-supported complete denture prosthesis after the initial placement of the mandibular restoration, while the remainder still used a conventional maxillary complete denture. The maximal occlusal force or mastication efficiency index of those having fixed implant-supported prostheses in both arches did not differ markedly from those having only a mandibular restoration. However, at the 3-year examination, lower values were recorded for the self-rated masticatory ability, while higher values were given after 10 years. It was concluded that placement of a mandibular fixed implant-supported prosthesis in dissatisfied complete denture wearers led to a dramatic improvement of masticatory function that was quite acceptable for many patients. However, some patients subsequently demanded a maxillary fixed prosthesis to feel satisfactorily rehabilitated.

Bite Force↗