Vulnerability to substance abuse in eating disorders.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Anorexia Nervosa↗
Biomedical subjects
L Wisniewski
Publications and source records attributed to L Wisniewski.
Effects of decreasing sedentary behavior and increasing activity on weight change in obese children.
Obese children 8-12 years old from 61 families were randomized to treatment groups that targeted increased exercise, decreased sedentary behaviors, or both (combined group) to test the influence of reinforcing children to be more active or less sedentary on child weight change. Significant decreases in percentage overweight were observed after 4 months between the sedentary and the exercise groups (-19.9 vs. -13.2). At 1 year, the sedentary group had a greater decrease in percentage overweight than did the combined and the exercise groups (-18.7 vs. -10.3 and -8.7) and greater decrease in percentage of body fat (-4.7 vs. -1.3). All groups improved fitness during treatment and follow-up. Children in the sedentary group increased their liking for high-intensity activity and reported lower caloric intake than did children in the exercise group. These results support the goal of reducing time spent in sedentary activities to improve weight loss.
Child↗
Child and parent factors that influence psychological problems in obese children.
This study assessed the influence of child and parental obesity and parental psychiatric symptoms on psychological problems in obese 8-11-year-old children. Child psychological problems were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18, whereas adult psychiatric symptoms were measured using the Cornell Medical Index. Multiple linear regression analyses showed parental psychiatric symptoms were related to child psychological problems for six of eight problem behavior scales. Child obesity made no independent contribution to child psychological problems, and parental obesity was related to child problems on only one scale. The most prevalent problems were Anxiety/Depression for 15% of the boys and Social Problems for 20% of the boys and 12.8% of the girls. These results suggest a broader conceptualization of factors that influence behavior problems of obese children than their degree of obesity.
Adult↗
Extended school year programs: a community-driven curriculum model.
Appropriate education guaranteed to children with disabilities under P.L. 94-142 has been translated by the courts to mean more than 180 days of education. There is now a strong legal precedent establishing the right to an extended school year (summer school) for students with severe disabilities. The courts have left open to interpretation, however, issues related to the program implementation. Descriptions of extended school year programs vary widely and include respite for parents, continuation of the regular school year curriculum, and remediation in skill areas. The only consensus seems to be that these programs should be tailored to individual needs. In the present article a systematic approach to curriculum development for students with severe disabilities enrolled in extended school year programs was described. This approach is (a) community driven, (b) consistent with each student's IEP objectives for the regular school year, (c) tailored to the individual student, and (d) consistent with current best practices of teaching functional skills performed by individuals without disabilities in a variety of integrated nonschool settings. Student progress data were presented.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Habituation and dishabituation of human salivary response.
Habituation may be relevant for understanding how sensory stimuli influence factors related to ingestive behavior. In the first of three experiments in humans we showed that salivation and hedonic ratings to lemon or lime juice habituated within 10 presentations, and dishabituation of the salivation and hedonic ratings to the original juice were observed after a new juice was presented. Experiment 2 replicated the habituation and decrease in hedonics to lemon juice, and showed both dishabituation and a relative increase in hedonics when chocolate taste, rather than another juice, served as the dishabituating stimulus. In a third experiment we showed a video game, a nontaste stimulus, could serve as a distractor to prevent the development of habituation, as well as a dishabituator after habituation had occurred.
Adolescent↗
Effect of food change on consumption, hedonics, and salivation.
This study assessed the influence of introducing a new food after repeated presentations of one food on food consumption, hedonics, and salivation. Male subjects were provided repeated 150-calorie courses of pizza or cheeseburger until satiety. Hedonics and salivation were measured before each course. Subject were then provided an additional 450 calorie course of the same or the new food. During the development of satiety, subjects showed reliable increases in fullness and decreases in hunger and hedonics. Salivation briefly increased to maximal salivation, followed by reliable decreases. No differences in pattern of change for fullness, hunger, hedonics or salivation were noted across foods. Presentation of the new food resulted in significantly greater caloric consumption than another serving of the same food (130 vs. 44.5 kcal), an increase in hedonics and salivation relative to presentation of the same food, with no influence on hunger or fullness. These results suggest that after satiety develops, response recovery for subjective, physiological, and behavioral components of eating can be observed when new, palatable foods are presented.
Adolescent↗
Anodontia as the sole clinical sign of the ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip (EEC) syndrome.
In this report we present another family with oligosymptomatic expression of the EEC syndrome. A mother with complete absence of the permanent teeth had two children with split hand/split foot deformity, as typically seen in the EEC syndrome. Cleft lip/cleft palate was also present in one of them. The great variability in expression of this autosomal dominant syndrome is discussed and the difficulties in genetic counseling are emphasized.
Adult↗
Skeletal dysplasia syndrome with progeroid appearance, characteristic facial and limb anomalies, multiple synostoses, and distinct skeletal changes: a variant example of the Lenz-Majewski syndrome.
Here we report a 10 year-old mentally retarded, deaf boy with a unique pattern of anomalies: progeroid appearance, characteristic facial and limb anomalies, multiple synostoses, and distinct skeletal changes. He represents a variant example of "hyperostotic dwarfism" as delineated by Lenz and Majewski.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Phenotype variability in the Miller acrofacial dysostosis syndrome. Report of two further patients.
In this report we present two unrelated patients with the postaxial dysostosis syndrome (Miller syndrome) and document further the phenotypic variability of the craniofacial stigmata and of the postaxial (and preaxial) upper and lower limb reduction anomalies.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Clinical features in a case with ring chromosome 13.
A 30-month-old boy with severe psychomotor retardation and numerous developmental anomalies, such as small trigonocephalic head, craniofacial anomalies, malformations of fingers with hypoplastic thumbs, anomalies of urogenital organs and imperforate anus, is presented. Cytogenetic studies of peripheral blood lymphocytes with differential staining of chromosomes revealed 46,XY,r13 karyotype. The correlation between clinical features and the observed chromosome aberration is discussed. Hitherto unreported developmental brain anomalies with partial exhibited skeletal abnormalities, some not reported previously.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
K562 human leukemia cell passages differ in embryonic globin gene expression.
K562 is a human leukemia cell line inducible by a variety of agents for the synthesis of embryonic and fetal hemoglobins. We compared early and late passages to determine whether a change has occurred in globin synthetic pattern. Clone LA4, derived from passage 199 which had been frozen by Lozzio in 1973, was compared with clone RA6, derived from a line received from Rutherford in 1979. Globin synthetic pattern was determined by incubation with [3]leucine, separation of globins by Triton-X100 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and analysis by fluorography. For RA6, hemin-induced synthesis was greatest for zeta globin but minimal for epsilon globin, whereas for LA4 it was greatest for epsilon globin but minimal for zeta globin. Both lines are pseudotriploid with three No. 11 and three No. 16 chromosomes. However only RA6 has a translocation involving the short arm of chromosome 11 which contains the locus of the beta globin gene cluster. However, translocation-associated deletion does not simply explain the deficient inducibility of epsilon synthesis because G gamma and A gamma globins, whose genes are linked to the epsilon gene, are similarly inducible in the two lines.
Animals↗
Transplantation of human malignant mesothelioma into nude mice.
Human pleural malignant mesothelioma was successfully transplanted into nude mice from 2 of 3 patients. The tumor implants of the first generation grew in 6 of 20 mice (30%), with a take of implants of 17 of 32 (53%). Overall, tumors grew from 52 of 80 mice (65%) in a total of 169 of 266 implants (64%) during the first four generations. The mean delay between transplantation and tumor growth was 46 days (range, 18 to 104 days). Pathological examination by light and electron microscopy confirmed the nature of the growing tumors in nude mice. Pathology of transplanted tumors was grossly similar to the human tumors in both first- and second-generation transplants. Up to eight generations have been presently carried out with presence of a human karyotype in transplanted tumors. The potential usefulness of this model with particular reference to chemosensitivity of these tumors will be investigated.
Animals↗
Cytogenetic and clinical studies in five cases of inv dup(15).
Inv dup(15) is a clinically significant bisatellited derivative of chromosome 15. Five unrelated patients with this abnormality are described and compared with ten confirmed and nine suspected cases in the literature. Mental and developmental retardation, hypotonia, behavioral disturbances, seizures, abnormal dermatoglyphics, and mild somatic anomalies were the most consistent findings. The extra chromosomes in our patients were identified with the aid of various techniques, including distamycin A/DAPI banding. A comparison of satellite polymorphisms suggested that the rearrangements frequently arose by meiotic nonsister chromatid exchange and second-division nondisjunction. A maternal origin was indicated in two cases, and parental ages were distinctly elevated.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Partial trisomy 2q and familial translocation t(2;18)(q31;p11).
This report describes a malformed infant with distal 2q trisomy/distal 18p monosomy due to adjacent segregation of a familial t(2;18). The rearrangement was present in four generations, and linkage studies were performed.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Partial tetrasomy 9 in a liveborn infant.
An unusual rearrangement of chromosome 9 was identified in a male infant with multiple congenital malformations. The rearrangement appeared as a fusion of two number 9 chromosomes with similar long-arm breakpoints. Since the infant also possessed two normal 9's, the presence of the additional chromosome resulted in partial tetrasomy; 47,XY, + tdic(9;9)(q22;q22). Clinical and autopsy examinations revealed many features reminiscent of trisomy 13. The tdic was functionally monocentric, although some evidence of activity at the second centromere was observed. Both parents had normal karyotypes, and C-banding demonstrated that at least one of the 9h regions on the tdic was likely to be of maternal origin.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Mosaicism presumably related to a Y/6 translocation in a boy with multiple congenital abnormalities.
A 3 1/2-year-old boy was referred for chromosomal evaluation because of mental and developmental retardation, peculiar facies, and abnormalities of the extremities. Karyotype analysis disclosed the presence of 46 and 47 chromosome cell lines. The 46 chromosome line contained 4 normal G group chromosomes and an abnormally small Y identified by G banding. Further investigation with Q and C band techniques revealed that the missing segment of the Y, the distal long arm, had been translocated to the end of the long arm of a number 6 chromosome. This de novo rearrangement appeared to be balanced and was found in all cells examined. The 47 chromosome line, which had a frequency of 10% in the patient's leucocytes, was identical to the 46 line except for the presence of an additional copy of the small chromosome. The morphology and banding patterns of the two small acrocentrics in the aneuploid line were found to correspond to those of the der (derivative) Y in the euploid line. The cytogenetic findings suggest that the translocation was followed by non-disjunction of one of its products resulting in mosaicism. Possible causes for the clinical and karyotypic abnormalities are discussed.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
An interstitial deletion of chromosome 9 in a girl with multiple congenital anomalies.
An infant with peculiar facies, coloboma of both eyes, and developmental retardation was found to have d de novo interstitial deletion of the secondary constriction and some adjacent euchromatin on one of her No. 9 chromosomes, del(9)(q11q21). Since studies on duplications, variants, and the molecular composition of the secondary constriction suggest that it contributes little if any information necessary to normal development, deletion of the euchromatin alone is most probably responsible for the clinical findings.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Two informative translocations involving chromosome 2.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Chromosome Aberrations↗