Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L Wray.
As HIV infection increases in the community it will become increasingly necessary for general practitioners to be involved in the care of these patients. The author resolves some of the doubts GPs may have about their ability to provide primary care to patients with HIV infection.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
We report the production and characterization of murine anti-PreS2 and anti-PreS1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and demonstrate their utility in discriminating hepatitis B virus (HBV) subtypes. On the basis of Western blotting and reciprocal competition binding to HBV virions, at least five distinct epitopes have been identified in the PreS domain: two within the PreS1 region and three within the PreS2 region. All PreS2 mAb bind M protein (gp33 and gp36) but only one group binds strongly to M and L proteins (p39 and gp42). This group determinant was mapped to peptide residues 120-145. The second group bound to an endoglycosidase F-sensitive epitope which is defined by a mannose-rich glycan at ASN 123 in the PreS2 region. The third group was mapped to peptide residues 150-174 and was reactive with the M envelope proteins but not L or S proteins on Western blots. All PreS1 mAb bind L protein but not M protein on Western blots. Using these mAb, HBV subtype assays were developed allowing evaluation of the Paris (1975) HBsAg subtype panel members along with other HBsAg-positive specimens. All Paris subtype members (except ayw2 and ayw3) could be easily distinguished by differential PreS2 mAb reactivity. The Paris subtypes, adw2, adw4, and adr, could be classified as distinct groups by PreS2 and PreS1 mAb binding. Specimens from Hong Kong and the United States classified as adw2 in the S region fell into two groups based on PreS2 mAb binding: one having reactivity similar to Paris adw2 subtype and the other having identical reactivity to Paris ayw1 subtype. Furthermore, some specimens classified as adr in the S region gave similar reactivity to the Paris ayr subtype in the PreS2 and PreS1 regions. One complicating factor in this approach toward subtyping was the discovery that some HBsAg positive sera may contain factors which block PreS epitopes. Grouping of HBV subtypes by PreS1, PreS2, and S mAb reactivity may allow better correlation with groupings based on HBV DNA sequence homology.
The effectiveness and generality of a parent- and social-skills training program for three mildly retarded mothers identified as child maltreaters were investigated. The program was conducted by one trainer in a community-based facility and included the following components: individualized performance standards, response-specific feedback, self-monitoring, and group rewards. A multiple-baseline design across parenting- and social-skill areas was used to evaluate the training. The findings revealed that the game contingencies effectively increased the mothers' ability to identify the most effective action to take in common problematic parenting and social situations. Generalization and recidivism data supported the efficacy of treatment gains.
Monoclonal antibodies were used to demonstrate hybrid forms of human alkaline phosphatase (ALP) composed of subunits from both placental and intestinal loci. Four main isozymes with alkaline phosphatase activity appear on polyacrylamide gels of the HeLa cell line, Hep 2/5 after electrophoresis. The mobilities of all 4 isozymes are retarded after incubating cellular extracts with a monoclonal antibody specific for placental ALP, while the mobilities of 2 isozymes are also affected by a monoclonal antibody which reacts specifically with intestinal ALP. These 2 isozymes, therefore represent interlocus heteromers (placental/intestinal ALP).
Explore the source record for details and available documents.