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Biomedical subjects

L Yu

Publications and source records attributed to L Yu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Genetic regulation of rejection and survival following human lung transplantation by the innate immune receptor CD14.

We have developed the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms which alter the expression or function of innate immune receptors contribute to the marked interindividual differences in the onset and severity of lung transplant rejection. In this analysis, we considered the effects of a common promotor polymorphism of the lipopolysaccharide receptor CD14 associated with increased transcriptional activity upon the development of posttransplant rejection and graft survival. Genotyping was performed in 226 lung transplant recipients well characterized with regards to clinical outcomes. An earlier onset of acute rejection, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and worse posttransplant graft survival due to greater BOS related deaths was evident in patients with the CD14 -159 TT genotype (TT). The adverse effect upon graft survival of the TT genotype remained significant in a multivariate Cox model (Hazard Ratio 1.65, 95% CI, 1.03-2.64, p-value = 0.04) after adjusting for other important covariates. Furthermore, TT patients have significantly greater sCD14, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in the peripheral blood implying a heightened state of innate immune activation drives the development of increased post-transplant rejection. Inhibition of innate immune activation through CD14 represents a novel and potentially important therapeutic target to prevent post-transplant rejection and improve outcomes after human lung transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Distribution and expression of recombinant plasmid encoding chicken interleukin-2.

A plasmid DNA that encodes chicken interleukin-2 (pCI-ChIL-2-EGFP) was investigated for its distribution and expression after intramuscular (i.m.) injection in chickens. After the i.m. injection, serum distribution was detectable from 2 h post inoculation (p.i.), peaked at 8 h p.i., and disappeared at 7 days p.i. The plasmid DNA was also observed in several organs including heart, liver, lung, spleen, bursa and inoculated muscle at different time points, but at 19 days p.i. the plasmid DNA was not found in any organ except inoculated muscle. Fluorescence of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was found in cytoplasm and nucleus of cultured Vero cells, chicken embryo fibroblasts and peripheral blood lymphocytes, which were transfected in vitro with the plasmid DNA or in vivo with Lipofectamine. The expression profile of the fusion gene (ChIL-2-EGFP) in vivo was measured by RT-PCR, ELISA and fluorescence microscopy. The EGFP expression was detected from 8 h p.i. to 14 days p.i. and peaked at 5 days p.i., when the number of EGFP-expression myocytes was about 5% in the injected site. These results demonstrate that intramuscular administration of plasmid DNA leads to widespread distribution and long-term expression in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Intra-ethnic differences in genetic variants of the UGT-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene in Chinese populations.

Variants within the human UGT1A1 gene are associated with irinotecan induced severely adverse reactions and hyperbilirubinemia. Intra-ethnic differences in the genetic variation and haplotypes of UGT1A1 gene have been analyzed in the present study. Relationship between the concentrations of total serum bilirubin (T-bil) and haplotype structure of UGT1A1 in healthy people were also evaluated. We genotyped five functional polymorphisms including -3279T>G and -3156G>A in the enhancer region, (TA)6>7 in the TATA box, and 211G>A (G71R), 686C>A (P229Q) in the exon1 region of UGT1A1 in three groups of healthy Chinese ethnic populations, consisting of 264 subjects of She origin, 539 of Han origin and 273 of Dong origin. The distribution of -3279T>G, (TA)6>7, 211G>A of UGT1A1 differed greatly as between the three ethnic groups. All of six haplotypes differed considerably between at least two of the three groups, which highlighted the need to analyze clinically irinotecan toxicity relevant SNPs and haplotypes in a variety of different racial groups within the Chinese population. Total bilirubin concentration in homozygous carriers of the -3279G and (TA)7 allele were significantly higher than those in heterozygous carriers or homozygous carriers of wild-type alleles. Carriers of the variant haplotypes (-3279G; -3156A; (TA)7; 211G; 686C) had higher serum T-Bil concentrations compared with the other groups. Our results indicate that heterogeneity among different ethnic populations is possibly the result of microevolution and is relevant to studies into the effect of tailored drug treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A new model of insulin-deficient diabetes: male NOD mice with a single copy of Ins1 and no Ins2.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We describe a novel model of insulin-deficient diabetes with a single copy of the gene encoding insulin 1 (Ins1) and no gene encoding insulin 2 (Ins2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We constructed five lines of mice: mice with two copies of Ins1 (NOD( Ins1+/+,Ins2-/-)), mice with a single copy of Ins1 (NOD( Ins1+/-,Ins2-/-)), mice with two copies of Ins2 (NOD( Ins1-/-,Ins2+/+)), mice with a single copy of Ins2 (NOD( Ins1-/-,Ins2+/-)) and NOD( Ins1+/-,Ins2-/-) mice with a transgene encoding B16:Ala proinsulin. RESULTS: By 10 weeks of age, all male NOD( Ins1+/-,Ins2-/-) mice were diabetic, whereas all female NOD( Ins1+/-,Ins2-/-) were not diabetic (p < 0.0001). In contrast, neither male nor female NOD( Ins1-/-,Ins2+/-) with a single copy of Ins2 (rather than single copy of Ins1) developed early diabetes and no mice with two copies of either gene developed early diabetes. Islets of the diabetic male NOD( Ins1+/-,Ins2-/-) at this early age had no lymphocyte infiltration. Instead there was heterogeneous (between islet cells) weak staining for insulin. Although only male NOD( Ins1+/-,Ins2-/-) mice developed diabetes, both male and female NOD( Ins1+/-,Ins2-/-) mice had markedly decreased insulin content. In NOD( Ins1+/+,Ins2-/-), there was also a significant decrease in insulin content, whereas NOD( Ins1-/-,Ins2+/+) mice, and even NOD( Ins1-/-,Ins2+/-) mice, were normal. Male NOD( Ins1+/-,Ins2-/-) mice were completely rescued from diabetes by introduction of a transgene encoding proinsulin. On i.p. insulin tolerance testing, male mice had insulin resistance compared with female mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These results suggest that Ins1 is a 'defective gene' relative to Ins2, and that the mouse lines created provide a novel model of sex-dimorphic insulin-deficient diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Rectification mechanism in diblock oligomer molecular diodes.

We investigated a mechanism of rectification in diblock oligomer diode molecules that have recently been synthesized and showed a pronounced asymmetry in the measured I-V spectrum. The observed rectification effect is due to the resonant nature of electron transfer in the system and the localization properties of bound state wave functions of resonant states of the tunneling electron interacting with an asymmetric molecule in an electric field. The asymmetry of the tunneling wave function is enhanced or weakened depending on the polarity of the applied bias. The conceptually new theoretical approach, the Green's function theory of sub-barrier scattering, is able to provide a physically transparent explanation of this rectification effect based on the concept of the bound state spectrum of a tunneling electron. The theory predicts the characteristic features of the I-V spectrum in qualitative agreement with experiment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Initial results of screening of nondiabetic organ donors for expression of islet autoantibodies.

CONTEXT: Type 1A diabetes is characterized by a long prodromal phase during which autoantibodies to islet antigens are present. Nevertheless, we lack data on the pancreatic pathology of subjects who are positive for islet autoantibodies (to islet autoantigens GAD65, insulin, and ICA512). OBJECTIVE: In this manuscript, we describe a novel strategy in obtaining pancreata and pancreatic lymph nodes from islet autoantibody-positive organ donors that involves careful coordination among the laboratory and the organ donor provider organization. DESIGN: We developed a rapid screening protocol for islet autoantibodies measurement of organ donors to allow identification of positive subjects before organ harvesting. In this way we were able to obtain pancreata and pancreatic lymph nodes from subjects with and without islet autoimmunity. SETTING: The organ donors used in this study were obtained from the general community. SUBJECTS: The population studied consisted of 112 organ donors (age range 1 month to 86 yr, mean age 39 yr). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The main outcome measure of this study consisted of evaluating the pancreatic histology and identify T cells autoreactive for islet antigens in the pancreatic lymph nodes. RESULTS: To date we have identified three positive subjects and obtained the pancreas for histological evaluation from one of the autoantibody-positive donors who expressed ICA512 autoantibodies. Although this subject did not exhibit insulitis, lymphocytes derived from pancreatic lymph nodes reacted to the islet antigen phogrin. CONCLUSION: In summary, these results indicate that it is possible to screen organ donors in real time for antiislet antibodies, characterize pancreatic histology, and obtain viable T cells for immunological studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Potential contributions of efferents from medial prefrontal cortex to neural activation following sexual behavior in the male rat.

The limbic system plays an important role in the regulation of sexual motivation and reward. At the core of this system is an interconnected mesocorticolimbic circuit, comprised of the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex. Previously, our laboratory showed that sexual behavior causes neural activation in the ventral tegmental area of male rats. The main goal of this study is to identify afferent inputs to ventral tegmental area neurons that may contribute to their activation during sexual behavior. Hence, the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine was injected into subregions of the rat medial prefrontal cortex, which is known to project to the ventral tegmental area. Visualization of biotinylated dextran amine-labeled axons was combined with immunostaining for sex-induced Fos expression. Quantitative analysis showed that the majority of sex-activated ventral tegmental area neurons receive putative contacts from the infralimbic and prelimbic--but not the anterior cingulate--subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex. Thus, inputs from infralimbic area and prelimbic are in an anatomical position to provide a major source of input during sexual behavior. A second goal of this study was to determine if the medial prefrontal cortex projects to sex-activated neurons in other brain regions important for sexual behavior and motivation. Infralimbic area and prelimbic area sent projections to nucleus accumbens, medial preoptic area, principal nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, basolateral amygdala, and parvocellular subparafasicular thalamic nucleus. Thus, the infralimbic and prelimbic subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex may also influence sexual behavior and motivation via brain regions other than the ventral tegmental area.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The suppressive effect of resveratrol on protein kinase C theta in peripheral blood T lymphocytes in a rat liver transplantation model.

UNLABELLED: Our aim was to study the effect of resveratrol on the expressions of protein kinase C isotypes (PKC alpha, theta) in peripheral blood lymphocytes and on the expression of IkappaB kinase-beta (IKK beta) in lymphocytes in allografts in a rat liver transplantation model. METHODS: Orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT) were performed from Sprague Dawley rats to Wistar rats. The recipients were divided into two groups after OLT. In the RES group, resveratrol was given intraperitoneally once a day (100 mg kg(-1)) after OLT, whereas in the control group vehicle buffer was given. The expressions of PKC alpha, theta in peripheral blood lymphocytes, expression of IKK beta in lymphocytes in allograft, and survival periods were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The mean survival period after OLT in the RES group was significantly longer than that in control group (P < .05). On posttransplant day 7, the expression of PKC theta in peripheral blood lymphocytes in the RES group was significantly decreased compared with that in the control group (P < .05), whereas there was no obvious difference in the expressions of PKC alpha between the two groups (P > .05), and the positive rate of IKK beta protein in lymphocytes in allografts in RES group was significantly decreased compared with that in the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Resveratrol showed an immunosuppressive effect on lymphocytes for allograft rejection in the rat. Down-regulation of the expression of PKC theta in peripheral blood lymphocytes may be part of the mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Novel magnetic rings for rapid vascular reconstruction in canine liver transplantation model.

OBJECTIVE: Magnetic rings were used for rapid vascular reconstruction in a canine liver transplantation model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two adult mongrel dogs weighing 13 to 16 kg were randomly selected as donors or recipients of transplantations. The recipients were randomly divided into two groups: group A (n = 10) had magnetic rings used for vascular reconstruction without venovenous bypass; group B (n = 6) had vascular reconstruction performed by continuous suturing with splenojugular venovenous bypass. RESULTS: In group A, the entire operative period was 3.24 +/- 0.49 hours, the durations of clamping the portal vein and the infrahepatic vena cava of the recipient were 5.89 +/- 2.27 minutes and 3.89 +/- 0.73 minutes, respectively. In group B, the entire operative period was 4.12 +/- 0.51 hours with the duration of clamping portal vein and infrahepatic vena cava, 28.33 +/- 6.04 minutes and 12.16 +/- 3.72 minutes (P < .01 vs group A). In group A, mean arterial pressure dropped during the anhepatic phase but recovered quickly after reperfusion. The fluid infusion was about 730.56 +/- 50.56 mL in the group A and a pressor agent was unnecessary. In group B, blood pressure dropped during the anhepatic phase and slowly recovered. The fluid infusion was about 2241.67 +/- 390.78 mL and a pressor agent was used to maintain the blood pressure of the recipient. No twist or thrombus was discovered in the anastomoses group A and the endothelium at the site of anastomosis was entire. In group B, errhysis was common in the anastomotic stomas. Nine of 10 dogs in group A survived more than 3 days, the longest being 8 days, whereas four of the six dogs in group B survived less than 3 days. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the anhepatic time was significantly shortened (about 5.89 +/- 2.27 minutes) in group A compared with group B and venovenous bypass was unnecessary. Magnetic rings could be used for rapid vascular reconstruction in canine liver transplantation model. The long-term results of this procedure should be clarified before it is applied in clinical practice in the future.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Renin increases mesangial cell transforming growth factor-beta1 and matrix proteins through receptor-mediated, angiotensin II-independent mechanisms.

Recent evidence suggesting a strong interplay between components of the renin-angiotensin system and key mediators of fibrosis led us to hypothesize that renin, independent of its enzymatic action to enhance angiotensin (Ang) II synthesis, directly increases production of the fibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. Human or rat mesangial cells (MCs) were treated with human recombinant renin (HrRenin) or rat recombinant renin (RrRenin) and the effects on TGF-beta1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1 (PAI-1), fibronectin (FN) and collagen 1 mRNA and protein were investigated. Blockade of the rat MC renin receptor was achieved using siRNA. HrRenin or RrRenin, at doses shown to be physiologically relevant, induced marked dose- and time-dependent increases in TGF-beta1. These effects were not altered by adding an inhibitor of renin's enzymatic action (RO 42-5892), the Ang II receptor antagonist losartan or the Ang-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril. RrRenin also induced PAI-1, FN and collagen 1 mRNA and PAI-1 and FN protein in a dose-dependent manner. Neutralizing antibodies to TGF-beta partially blocked these effects. Supernatant and cell lysate Ang I and Ang II levels were extremely low. MC angiotensinogen mRNA was undetectable both with and without added renin. Targeting of the rat renin receptor mRNA with siRNA blocked induction of TGF-beta1. We conclude that renin upregulates MC TGF-beta1 through a receptor-mediated mechanism, independent of Ang II generation or action. Renin-induced increases in TGF-beta1 in turn stimulate increases in PAI-1, FN and collagen I. Thus, renin may contribute to renal fibrotic disease, particularly when therapeutic Ang II blockade elevates plasma renin.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed2006

The circulatory responses to fibreoptic intubation: a comparison of oral and nasal routes.

The circulatory responses to fibreoptic intubation under general anaesthesia were studied in 60 adult female patients who were randomly assigned to receive either the oral or nasal route for insertion. Non-invasive blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before anaesthesia induction (baseline values), immediately after anaesthesia induction (post-induction values), at intubation and every minute for a further 5 min. The product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure (rate pressure product) at every time point was also calculated. The results showed that both fibreoptic orotracheal intubation and fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation resulted in significant increases in blood pressure, heart rate and rate pressure product compared to baseline and post-induction values. The times required to reach the maximum values of systolic blood pressure and heart rate were significantly longer in the fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation group than in the fibreoptic orotracheal intubation group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in blood pressure, heart rate and rate pressure product at any measuring point, or in the maximum values during observation. The time required for recovery of systolic blood pressure to the post-induction value was not significantly different between the two groups, but the time required for recovery of heart rate to post-induction value was significantly longer in the fibreoptic orotracheal intubation group than in the fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation group. It was concluded that both fibreoptic orotracheal and fibreoptic nasotracheal intubations could cause a similar magnitude of circulatory responses in general anaesthetised, female adults, but the tachycardic response to fibreoptic orotracheal intubation lasted longer than that to fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Association between exposure to farming, allergies and genetic variation in CARD4/NOD1.

BACKGROUND: Caspase recruitment domain protein (CARD) 4 has been recently identified as an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that interacts with muropeptides found in common Gram-negative bacteria. We therefore aimed to explore whether the previously observed inverse association between exposure to microbial products and asthma and allergies in childhood is modified by genetic variation in CARD4. METHODS: We genotyped 668 children [mean age 9.3 (SD 1.5) years] enrolled in the cross-sectional ALEX study for seven haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms in CARD4. We studied the association of asthma, hay fever and allergen-specific serum immunoglobulin E with exposure to a farming environment and with levels of endotoxin and muramic acid measured in house dust samples. We tested whether these associations differed between the genotypes of the polymorphisms under study. RESULTS: A strong protective effect of a farming environment on allergies was only found in children homozygous for the T allele in CARD4/-21596, but not in children carrying the minor allele (C). Among the former, farmers' children had a significantly lower frequency of sensitization against pollen (5.8%), hay fever (1.7%) and atopic asthma symptoms (1.7%) compared with children not living on a farm (19.4%, 13.0% and 7.6%, P<0.01, <0.01 and <0.05, respectively). Conversely, no significant difference in prevalence of these phenotypes by farming status was found among children with a C allele in CARD4/-21596 (14.3%, 7.1% and 8.0%vs 16.5%, 9.0% and 5.7%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms in CARD4 significantly modify the protective effect of exposure to a farming environment.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2006

HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1 alleles and haplotypes in Naxi and Han populations in southwestern China (Yunnan province).

The frequencies of the human leukocyte antigen alleles HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1 and the A-B-DRB1, A-B, and B-DRB1 haplotypes were studied in Naxi and Yunnan Han populations using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequence-specific amplification for alleles A and B and a PCR-microtiter plate hybridization method for the DRB1 allele. A total of 8 A, 19 B, and 30 DRB1 alleles were found in the Naxi population, and 15 A, 21 B, and 36 DRB1 alleles were found in Yunnan Han population. The common A-B-DRB1 haplotypes in the Naxi population were A*24-B*15-DRB1*1202, A*11-B*15-DRB1*0405, A*11-B*15-DRB1*1202, A*11-B*38-DRB1*08032, and A*11-B*55-DRB1*0405; the common A-B haplotypes were A*11-B*15, A*11-B*38, and A*24-B*15; and the common B-DRB1 haplotypes were B*15-DRB1*1202, B*38-DRB1*08032, and B*48-DRB1*1201. In the Yunnan Han population, the common A-B-DRB1 haplotypes were A*24-B*15-DRB1*1501, A*24-B*46-DRB1*08032, and A*24-B*15-DRB1*1201; the common A-B haplotypes were A*24-B*15, A*24-B*46, and A*34-B*46; and the common B-DRB1 haplotypes were B*15-DRB1*1501, B*46-DRB1*09012, and B*46-DRB1*1401. Phylogenetic tree and principal component analyzes based on HLA-A, HLA-B, and DRB1 allele frequencies suggested that the Naxi ethnic group belongs to the southern Chinese groups, while the Yunnan Han population is a characteristic population located intermediate between northern and southern Chinese groups, although they live in the southwest of China.

Alleles↗
PubMed2006

In silico comparison of gene expression levels in ten human tumor types reveals candidate genes associated with carcinogenesis.

Most human cancers are characterized by genomic instability. Changes associated with such may result in altered expression of numerous genes. The sequence information available in the public databases can be used to identify transcripts differentially expressed in cancers. Determining cancer-related genes that are commonly deregulated in different tumor types may facilitate identification of targets for cancer diagnoses and therapeutic treatments. Using a data-mining tool named Digital Differential Display (DDD) from the UniGene database at the NCBI web site, gene expression levels of ten different tumor types and their counterpart normal tissues were analyzed. Unigenes which showed transcriptional regulation in more than five tumor types with > or =2-fold differences from normal tissues were identified. The expression data of selected Unigenes were subjected to clustering analysis. 127 commonly up-regulated genes and 92 commonly down-regulated genes were identified. Clustering analysis using these genes showed that most tumor types can be clustered into a separate branch from most normal tissues. Nineteen genes that have been shown to be involved in carcinogenesis by experimental evidence were also identified. Present computational analyses revealed 219 candidate cancer-related genes that are commonly deregulated in ten human tumor types which may contribute to the progress of carcinogenesis.

Gene Expression↗
PubMed2006

Isolation and functional analysis of human HMBOX1, a homeobox containing protein with transcriptional repressor activity.

We have identified and isolated a novel human gene, HMBOX1 (homeobox containing 1) from a pancreatic cDNA library. Human HMBOX1 is widely expressed in 18 tissues, and it is highly expressed in pancreas. According to the genome database, HMBOX1 is located at the boundary of 8p12.3 and 8p21.1. HMBOX1 proteins are highly conserved in human, mouse, rat, chicken and Xenopus laevis. A phylogenetic tree shows that HMBOX1 may represent a distinct group in HNF (Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor) transcriptional factors. Functional HMBOX1::EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) fusion protein revealed that HMBOX1 accumulated more in cytoplasm than in nucleus. Co-transfection of HEK-293T cells with pM-HMBOX1 plasmid and reporter plasmid pGAL4(5)tkLUC indicates that HMBOX1 is a transcription repressor. In situ hybridization on paraffin sections of mouse tissues demonstrated that Hmbox1 is widely expressed in pancreas and the expression of this gene can also be detected in pallium, hippocampus and hypothalamus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Prenatal bupropion exposure enhances the cocaine reward and stress susceptibility in adult mice.

Although a growing body of evidence supports the notion that certain antidepressant treatments in pregnancy produce earlier delivery and minor behavioral teratogenesis in infants, the long-term effects of such treatments in adulthood remain ill-defined. Recently, postnatal exposure to psychotropic drugs was found to affect the emotional development and susceptibility to abused drugs. Thus, this study aimed to examine whether prenatal exposure of four frequently-used antidepressants, bupropion, fluvoxamine, citalopram, and trazodone, altered the responsiveness to stress and cocaine in the adulthood. Dams received daily injection of bupropion (25 or 12.5 mg/kg), citalopram (5 mg/kg), fluvoxamine (10 mg/kg), trazodone (20 mg/kg) or saline throughout their third trimester of gestation, and several birth outcome indices were then examined. Locomotor activity, naive anxiety levels, and the sensitivity to the cocaine reinforcing effects were observed in pups at their day 56-60 post partum. We found that trazodone treatment produced a high mortality rate in pups after weaning. Mice, prenatally treated with bupropion at 25 mg/kg, exhibited lower rearing numbers and ambulatory activity as compared to the saline-treated mice. More importantly, such treatment enhanced the mouse sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of cocaine. Taken together, these results suggest that use of bupropion in the late pregnancy may run a risk of enhancing the offspring's susceptibility to stress and cocaine reward in adulthood.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Compulsive exercise acutely upregulates rat hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

This study was to examine the effects of treadmill exercise on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat hippocampus. After 1-wk treadmill familiarization, animals in exercise groups received a 4-wk exercise training or an acute exercise. They were sacrificed 2 h or 2 d after exercise and their hippocampal BDNF mRNA and protein levels were determined. We demonstrated that 1) hippocampal BDNF mRNA and protein levels were both elevated in response to exercise training at 2 h after the last run but not after 2 d; 2) an acute moderate exercise (1 or 3 d) increased BDNF protein levels; 3) acute severe exercise increased BDNF protein and mRNA levels in animals under a familiarization regimen, while suppressed the BDNF mRNA level in rats without treadmill familiarization, paralleling the stress effect of immobilization/water exposure. We conclude that compulsive treadmill exercise with pre-familiarization acutely upregulates rat hippocampal BDNF gene expression.

Animals↗