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Biomedical subjects

L Yu

Publications and source records attributed to L Yu.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Role of nitric oxide in acute renal failure.

Nitric oxide synthase has been identified in several epithelial cells in the kidney, including proximal tubular cells, thick ascending limb, inner medullary collecting duct, and interstitial cells. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in renal hemodynamics and sodium tubular transport. We have demonstrated that NO participates in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in isolated rat proximal tubules (PT) suspensions. In this in vitro model L-arginine addition enhanced H/R injury while L-NAME almost completely prevented injury. These effects were less intense in chronic supplemented rats with L-arginine and L-NAME, suggesting that NO synthase manipulation had interfered with PT susceptibility to H/R injury. In contrast, L-arginine protected IMCD cells in culture from hypercholesterolemic rats against hypoxia. Moreover, acute infusion of L-arginine before bilateral renal artery clamping was protective while L-arginine chronic administration and L-NAME were deleterious in this ARF model. The L-arginine protection was not observed in unilateral renal clamping plus contralateral nephrectomy in normal rats, but L-arginine was protective in hypercholesterolemic rats. Taken together, these results suggest that the net effect of NO stimulation is variable, and that it is the result of a balance between beneficial hemodynamic effects and cytotoxicity.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1997

Anuric acute renal failure caused by dextran 40 administration.

Dextran 40 is largely used in clinical medicine as a plasma substitute because of its beneficial effects on the microcirculation and antithrombogenic properties. An unusual adverse reaction of dextran administration is oligoanuric acute renal failure. We report two cases of anuric ARF induced by dextran 40. Diuresis and renal function were quickly resumed after plasma-pheresis treatment. Renal biopsy revealed normal kidneys except for swelling and vacuolation of renal tubules suggestive of osmotic nephrosis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1997

[Construction of human genomic YAC clones with "terminal modification"].

A human YAC genomic pool with more than 4,000 clones was constructed by means of "terminal modification" of YAC vector and genomic inserts, as well as optimization of relevant experimental parameters. The transformation rate is approximately 400-500 transformants per microgram DNA. Preliminary characterization of randomly sampled clones demonstrates that YAC-specific inserts, in the average size of 450 kb and ranging 150-750 kb, were detected from 80% of the clones. The vector ligation experiment indicates the efficient reduction of "coligation" by terminal modification.

Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast↗
PubMed1997

[Expression of IL-4 and IL-10 by PBMC and tumor tissues in cancer patients].

Using biological activity assay, the production of IL-4 and IL-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was studied in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoma. The IL-2, IL-4 and IFN gamma levels in both cancer patients were lower than that in normal subjects. In contrast, the IL-10 level was higher in both cancer patients. When rIL-2 was added into the cytokine production system, IL-2, IL-4, and IFN gamma level were upregulated in lymphoma patients. However, in the patients of nasopharyneal carcinoma, only IL-2 level was upregulated. IL-10 activity could not be affected by exogenous IL-2 in both cancer patients. The results of negative IL-4 activity and higher positive percentage (84.6%) of IL-10 activity in ascites from patients with ovarian carcinoma were corresponded to the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoma. By using in situ hybridization technique, the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 was studied in tumor tissues from patients with gastric, esophageal and breast carcinomas. There was no differences of the percentage of IL-4 and IL-10 expression among three kinds of tumor tissues, the range of positive percentage was 40%-70%. These results indicate that the correction of abnormal upregulation of IL-10 activity should be considered for cancer immunotherapy.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

[Prognosis and adjuvant chemotherapy of axillary node-negative breast cancer patients].

The significance of postoperative chemotherapy was studied in 439 cases of unilateral primary breast cancer which were proved histologically with no axillary lymph node metastasis. The survival rate was analyzed by life table method. The prognosis of node negative breast cancer patients was mainly associated with tumor size. 10 year survival rate of patients with tumor less than 3 cm treated operativel and by operation combined with chemotherapy was 92.60% and 94.13% respectively. If tumor size was larger than 3 cm, the ten year survival rate of the patients treated operatived was 79.89%, and that of the patients with combined theropy 96.02%. The prognosis was statistically different between the two groups. As to age, status of menopause, pathologral type, kind of surgery and status of ER, the prognosis of patients treated by combined therapy was better than that of patients treated by operation alone. The postoperative chemotherapy was not significantly beneficial to breast cancer patients with tumor less than 3 cm.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

[Fertility and related hormones before and after female successful renal transplantation].

To evaluate the level of hormones before and after female renal transplantation, we measured pituitary gonadal hormones, estrovite, progestin, and prolactin in 25 renal transplant recipients (RTR) and 25 cases of chronic renal failure (CRF) using engyme immunoassay (EIA). The results indicated that serum RRL, FSH and LH level were reduced in RTR females compared with CRF, whereas E2 and P were normal. Serum PRL levels were elevated in CRF females whereas P levels were significantly lower compared with those of other groups. After clomiphene stimulation test, the plasma levels of LH FSH and E2 elevated, suggesting hypothalamic anovulation. Following successful renal transplantation, uremic hypothalamic disfunction was ameliorated and normal menstrual cycle, fertility was restored. During dialysis, treatment was given using suit therapy rather than trigger the ovulatory. Renal transplantation is the best treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Thyroxine-binding globulin and thyroid hormones after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: Some human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) produce thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). High serum TBG levels in such patients may be associated with increased thyroxine (T4) levels. This study aimed to elucidate the serum TBG and thyroid hormone profile in Japanese patients with HCC, to compare the difference between TBG-producing and -nonproducing HCCs, and to investigate the changes in serum TBG level and the thyroid hormone profile after removal of the tumor. METHODS: The 40 subjects included 20 patients with HCC, 10 healthy controls, and 10 operative controls. Serum TBG, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), T4, and free T4 were measured serially for 4 wk after resection of HCC in 16 patients and after control operations in 10 patients. Assay methods were a radioimmunoassay for TBG and enzyme immunoassays for T3, T4, and free T4. RESULTS: Values higher than the mean +/- 2 SD of controls were considered abnormally high. Of patients with HCC, 60% had abnormally high TBG values, 65% had abnormally high T3 values, 39% had abnormally high T4 values, and 6% had abnormally high free T4 values. The mean levels of TBG and T3 were significantly higher than those in healthy controls, but no difference was found for T4 and free T4 levels. There were no significant differences in various clinicopathological factors between patients with high TBG levels and those with normal TBG levels. After resection of HCC, serum TBG decreased significantly in patients with high TBG levels but not in those with normal TBG levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that >50% of HCCs in Japanese patients produce TBG; removal of the tumor reduces serum TBG in such cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Tumor necrosis factor alpha in children with sickle cell disease in stable condition.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is known to induce wasting in humans and animals. This study was undertaken to determine TNF-alpha concentrations in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and whether high TNF-alpha levels are more likely to be present in children with growth deficits, infection, or pain crisis. Tumor necrosis factor alpha was measured using enzyme immunoassay in 143 blood samples obtained from 101 children. Mean TNF-alpha levels were higher in patients (50 pg/mL) than in 21 control children (19 pg/mL) and in 26 laboratory employees (20 pg/mL). During the follow-up period, 35%, 38%, and 28% of children with SCD had infection, pain crisis, or a blood transfusion, respectively. Mean TNF-alpha concentrations were higher in children who had an infection than in those who did not. No significant effect of pain crisis or blood transfusion was observed. Tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations were above normal (> 40 pg/mL) in 15% of controls, 34% of children with SCD, and 52% of children with SCD who had an infection and 33% of those who did not. A higher percentage of children who had elevated TNF-alpha levels had weight (46% versus 31%) or height (50% versus 28.6%) deficits than children who had normal TNF-alpha levels. These results indicate that most children with SCD in stable condition have normal TNF-alpha concentrations and that those with high TNF-alpha levels are more likely to have growth deficits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Ribozyme-mediated inhibition of a Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line expressing the p190 bcr-abl oncogene.

The bcr-abl oncogene is the molecular counterpart of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph), which is detected in > 95% of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and 20-30% of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Leukemic cells from patients with CML express the p210 form of the bcr-abl oncogene, whereas in adult Ph+ ALL approximately 50% of cases express the p190 form of the bcr-abl oncogene, and the other 50% express the same p210 gene as is found in CML. In this study, we have designed hairpin ribozymes (RZs) specific for the p190 form of the bcr-abl oncogene to inhibit the growth of a p190 Ph+ ALL cell line, Sup-B15. The RZs cleave p190 RNA substrate in a cell-free in vitro assay. In the presence of the liposome, DMRIE-C, the RZs are protected from serum mediated catalysis in vitro. Anti-p190 RZs transfected with DMRIE-C as the vector into K562 cells, which express the p210 bcr-abl oncogene, are stable intracellularly for up to 96 hours. Up to 33% of the DMRIE-C and RZ mixtures are taken up by Sup-B15 cells cultured in suspension. Expression of the p190 bcr-abl protein product is specifically inhibited as demonstrated by Western blot analysis. Cell growth of the Sup-B15 cells is completely inhibited by anti-p190 RZs over four days in culture. Anti-p210 RZs have no significant effect on bcr-abl protein expression or cell growth by Sup-B15 cells. RZs may have a role in purging stem cell populations collected from patients with Ph+ ALL in the context of autologous bone marrow transplantation.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1997

Late tension pneumocephalus following frontal craniotomy.

Tension pneumocephalus is an uncommon but life-threatening complication of craniotomy which requires urgent diagnosis and treatment. It most often occurs perioperatively following subsequent anaesthesia using nitrous oxide. All previously reported postoperative cases followed posterior fossa or upper spinal cord surgery. Only two cases associated with frontal craniotomy have been reported since 1972, both occurring intraoperatively.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Initial study on naturally occurring products from traditional Chinese herbs and vegetables for chemoprevention.

A number of naturally occurring products from vegetables and herbs exert chemopreventive properties against carcinogenesis. In this paper, two such compounds, isolated from garlic and from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, are described for review. Elemene, isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Rhizoma zedoariae, was shown to exhibit antitumor activity in human and murine tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. This novel antineoplastic agent has substantial clinical activity against various tumors. The in vitro effect of elemene on the growth of leukemia cells was evaluated by MTT assay. The IC50 values of elemene for promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells and erythroleukemia K562 cells were 27.5 micrograms/mL and 81 micrograms/mL, respectively, while IC50 for peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) was 254.3 micrograms/mL. The inhibitory effect of elemene on proliferation of HL-60 cells was associated with cell cycle arrest from S to G2M phase transition and with induction of apoptosis. The apoptosis of tumor cells was confirmed by DNA ladder formation on gel electrophoresis and characteristic ultrastructural alterations. The results also demonstrated that inhibitory effects of allicin, a natural organosulfide from garlic, on proliferation of tumor cells were associated with the cell cycle blockage of S/G2M boundary phase and induction of apoptosis. These findings suggest that induction of apoptosis may contribute to the mechanisms of antitumor activity of elemene and allicin, which merit investigation as potential chemoprevention agents in humans.

Anticarcinogenic Agents↗
PubMed1997

Immunofluorescence study of type IV collagen alpha chains in epidermal basement membrane: application in diagnosis of X-linked Alport syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To detect the distribution of alpha 5 (IV) chain of collagen on the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and epidermal basement membrane (EBM) in the Chinese Alport syndrome (AS) kindreds and to develop a simple diagnostic alternative method to electronic microscopy for diagnosis of AS. METHODS: Four male patients from 4 unrelated families manifested with hematuria, sensorineural hearing loss and had distinct family history. All patients had the characteristic AS pathologic changes by electron microscopy on their renal biopsy tissues. Three normal skin samples and 2 normal kidney samples were used as normal controls. Monoclonal antibody-based IF test was performed to examine the alpha 5 (IV) NC1 domain in EBM of normal controls, X-linked AS patients and their parents, and in GBM of normal controls and AS patients. RESULTS: In normal controls as well as the patients' fathers, all the monoclonal antibodies used in EBM and GBM staining showed positive reactions along basement membranes in a linear pattern. Characteristically, in AS patients there were negative reactions to monoclonal antibodies anti-alpha 5 (IV) NC1 domain in EBM and anti-alpha 3-5 (IV) NC1 domains in GBM. In patients' mothers, alpha 5 (IV) chain was distributed segmentally in EBM. CONCLUSION: The staining of alpha 5 (IV) NC1 domain in EBM by IF can be used to diagnose patients and screen defect-gene carriers of X-linked AS.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Identification of a novel missense mutation in Wilson's disease gene.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the allelic heterogeneity of the ATP7B gene in Chinese patients with Wilson's disease (WD). METHODS: Exons of the ATP7B gene from 141 WD patients' DNA were amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 887-890. Mutations were then screened by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and further identified by sequencing. RESULTS: The molecular structure of exon 7 of the ATP7B gene from 141 WD patients was analyzed. The same band shift in electrophoretic pattern of 4 cerebral type patients was identified with SSCP and subsequently sequenced. The results showed missense mutation at the second base of the codon as Ser 662 Cys, which is caused by a C to G transversion. CONCLUSIONS: Mutations of the ATP7B gene were investigated for the first time in China and a novel missense mutation was identified in four cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Identification of a novel missense mutation in Wilson disease gene].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the allelic heterogeneity of ATP 7 B gene in Chinese patients. METHODS: Exons of ATP7B gene from patient's DNA were amplified with PCR technique. Mutations were screened by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and further confirmed by sequencing. RESULTS: The molecular structure of exon 7 of the ATP7B gene from 141 WD patients was preliminarily analyzed. A similar band shift of 4 encephalopathy type patients was identified with SSCP and sequencing. There was a missense mutation, Ser 662 Cys, which was caused by a C to G transversion at the second base of the codon. CONCLUSIONS: The mutations of Chinese ATP7B gene were investigated for the first time in China and a novel missense mutation was identified.

Adolescent↗