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Biomedical subjects

L Z Touyz

Publications and source records attributed to L Z Touyz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Anticariogenic effects of black tea (Camellia sinensis) in caries prone-rats.

OBJECTIVE: Black tea (Camellia sinensis) may have anticariogenic properties. The present study was designed to determine whether consumption of black tea influences cariogenesis in young, caries-prone rats. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Eighteen-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24; eight per group) fed a cariogenic diet (MIT 200) were randomly assigned to three groups to receive deionized, distilled fluoride-free water, tea, or fluoridated water (25 ppm), ad libitum, for 14 days. In addition, an initial control group of rats was studied at 20 days of age. Teeth were stained with silver nitrate to detect caries and cut mesiodistally. First and second molars were assessed for caries. RESULTS: The initial control group had negligible caries. Caries-prone rats consuming fluoride-free water had significantly more caries lesions (6.75) than did the tea (3.12) and the fluoridated water (0.85) groups. CONCLUSION: Consumption of black tea for 2 weeks attenuated development and progression of caries in caries-prone young rats.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Cosmetic or esthetic dentistry?

This article, through presentation of case studies, defines differences and suggests separate definitions for the terms cosmetic dentistry and esthetic dentistry. Dentistry strives to emulate harmonious form and function for therapy, and modification of appearance is an integral part of dental treatment. Cosmetic dentistry suggests a certain accommodation and is a compromise of current technology. Cosmetic dentistry is commonly selected as an interim procedure that does not necessarily function ideally and does not always emulate the pristine state of a natural dentition. Esthetic dentistry requires less accommodation, incorporates acceptable biologic technology for long-term survival, functions suitably, and mimics the pristine state of the natural dentition. Cosmetic and esthetic dentistry are different in definition, concept, and execution.

Esthetics, Dental↗
PubMed1998

The influence of postoperative telephone calls on pain perception: a study of 118 periodontal surgical procedures.

This age-matched and sex-matched study examined the influence of postoperative telephone calls on pain perception and on the number of analgesics used for pain relief. Adult periodontitis subjects (n = 118) received periodontal surgery after examination and sanative therapy (scaling, root planing, and removal of local irritants). All subjects received similar care, postoperative instructions, and medication, except 59 subjects were phoned 24 hours postoperative (PC group), and 59 were not (NC group). Callers covered 10 points and were reassuring and positive about surgical outcomes. One week postoperative, subjects completed a questionnaire that rated pain intensity on a visual analogue scale and indicated the number of pills used and whether they had been called. Pain and analgesics used were significantly decreased in the PC group (P < 0.001) compared to the NC group. A significant positive correlation was found between pain and pills used in the groups combined (r = 0.79, P < 0.001 PC + NC), and in the groups separately (r = 0.50, P < 0.001 PC; r = 0.41, P < 0.01 NC). Postoperative communication between healthcare providers and patients significantly reduces pain perception and number of analgesics used for relief.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Oral scurvy and periodontal disease.

Although gingival bleeding is a manifestation of both scurvy and inflammatory periodontal disease, the two conditions are distinctly separate entities. The defective collagen synthesis associated with scurvy also manifests many of the same symptoms as deficient vitamin C physiology, but neither condition is associated with periodontal disease. Unlike scurvy, the various periodontal diseases are caused by oral plaque microorganisms. The body's reaction to these microorganisms is strongly influenced by the compromised functioning of leucocytes and monocytes. Although certain infections and systemic diseases cause gingival bleeding, avitaminosis-C does not cause commonly encountered periodontitis. Vitamin C should not be used for the prophylaxis or cure of periodontal disease in otherwise healthy, well-nourished individuals. A patient with bleeding gingivae warrants referral to a periodontist, oral medicine specialist, or appropriately qualified dentist for examination and treatment.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1996

Antibiotic prophylaxis in periodontal surgery. A retrospective study.

Antibiotics are frequently used in periodontal and minor oral surgery to prevent complications. The potential disadvantages of antibiotic prophylaxis are well documented. This study compares the incidence of complications for procedures performed with and without antibiotic prophylaxis. The clinical records of 1499 patients who received treatment at a university teaching hospital were reviewed. 1078 surgical procedures were done on 596 patients. 895 surgical procedures were done without prophylactic antibiotics, with 17 complications (1.9 per cent). 183 procedures were done using antibiotic prophylaxis, with 1 complication (0.55 per cent). The difference between the incidences of complications in the two groups was not statistically significant (P < 0.001). In view of the questionable benefits and potential disadvantages of using antibiotics, their routine use during or following periodontal surgery must be questioned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The acidity (pH) and buffering capacity of Canadian fruit juice and dental implications.

Excessive consumption of acidic fruit juices is associated with dental morbidity. The pH and buffering capacities of fruit juices packaged and consumed in Canada were measured, and the implications on dental pathology of consuming juices of these qualities are discussed. Canadian fruit juices have a pH below the critical dissolving pH of enamel, and have buffering capacities similar to juices produced and consumed elsewhere in the world. Citrus, apple, and grape juice, or blends of these juices, are all potentially hazardous to teeth. Erosion, attrition, decay and dentinal hypersensitivity may all result from abusive juice drinking.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1993

A successful method for quantifying viable oral anaerobic spirochetes.

Spirochetes are markedly prevalent in periodontal disease but are not included as predominant cultivable organisms because of the inability to quantify them by viable count. A successful method was developed for enumerating viable oral spirochetes as colony-forming units (CFU) in an agarose-based medium. Treponema denticola, Treponema vincentii and Treponema socranskii in log-phase growth in new oral spirochete (NOS) broth were used for evaluation of the method. Critical components of the method include enzyme-free low temperature-gelling (37 degrees C) agarose in NOS medium in small tissue-culture flasks into which the spirochetes were seeded and diluted. The flasks were anaerobically incubated in a glove-box. Reliable, consistent and reproducible viable counts of pure spirochete cultures were obtained. The injurious effects of spirochete temperature-sensitivity were averted by using molten agarose at 37 degrees C. Distinctive colony morphologies of spirochete species could be compared from pure cultures. Addition of rifampin into the medium showed no decrease in spirochete CFU count. The method as described allows for selection of mutants and detection of biochemical activity and is potentially useful for enumeration of spirochetes from periodontal pockets as members of the predominant cultivable flora.

Agar↗
PubMed1993

Oral malodor--a review.

Oral malodor has many etiologies. The use of accurate descriptor terms to describe this condition facilitates its clinical diagnosis and treatment by health care professionals. Oral malodor, a generic descriptor term for foul smells emanating from the mouth, encompasses ozostomia, stromatodysodia, halitosis (both pathological halitosis and physiological halitosis) and fetor oris or fetor ex ore. These latter terms, in turn, denote different sources of oral malodor. The terms ozaena, fetor narium, dysosmia, hyperosmia, cacogeusia, and dysgeusia are also related to oral malodor, and assist in accurately describing a clinical presentation. Systemic pathological states, such as diabetes mellitus, uremia and hepatic diseases, induce metabolic products that are detectable as oral smells. Local oral conditions produce volatile sulphur compounds and other breakdown products that intensify oral malodors. The clinical labelling and interpretation of different oral malodors both contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of underlying disease. This article stresses the relationship between smell and taste, emphasizes specific meanings for related oral malodor terms, reviews smell comprehension and indicates some of those commonly-encountered associated clinical conditions.

Halitosis↗
PubMed1991

Influence of mixing disinfectant solutions into alginate on working time and accuracy.

Possible transfer of pathogens from dental surgery to dental laboratory is of concern to the profession. This study investigates changes in the working time and accuracy of an alginate impression material when mixed with solutions of selected disinfectants rather than water. The results indicate that certain disinfectant solutions, when used as a water substitute, do not modify the working time of the alginate investigated beyond acceptable limits and have no significant effect on the dimensional accuracy of that material. The use of a 0.2 per cent solution of chlorhexidene gluconate is recommended as a water substitute for the alginate investigated.

Alginates↗
PubMed1991

Disinfection of alginate impression material using disinfectants as mixing and soak solutions.

Disinfectant solutions were used as water substitutes in the preparation of specimens of alginate impression material. Chlorhexidine gluconate and sodium peroxysulphate solutions were tested. The alginate specimens were infected by sucking, subsequently disinfected in the solution used in the alginate preparation, and then tested for infectivity by 24-h incubation in thioglycollate broth. Bacterial growth was measured by changes in turbidity using a turbidimeter. The results indicate that chlorhexidine gluconate is an effective alginate disinfectant, when it is used as the liquid for alginate preparation and post-setting disinfection solution.

Alginates↗
PubMed1991

Frequency and distribution of palatal osseous alveolar marginal exostoses--POAMES.

1,272 human skulls were examined for frequency and distribution of POAMES--palatal osseous alveolar marginal exostoses. The sample consisted of Blacks, Mixed, Whites and Chinese as well as adult edentulous and dentate child skulls. POAMES were most prevalent between 35 and 45 years of age, appeared most commonly in the maxillary third molar region, followed by the second and first molar region, occurred most frequently bilateraly and were least prevalent in Blacks. The overall prevalence of POAMES was 14.5 per cent with a female to male ratio of 1:3,5. Ridge POAMES occurred most frequently, followed by combined, ledge and the nodular exostose types. It did not occur in children or edentulous adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The effect of latex gloves on setting time of vinyl polysiloxane putty impression material.

Vinyl polysiloxane putty impression material (VPPIM) setting is unreliable when mixed in gloved hands. The exact reason for this remains obscure. This report focuses on the effect of natural and synthetic latex gloves on the setting of VPPIMs. This report indicates that synthetic latex gloves (SLG) have no effect on setting reaction of VPPIMs. However, natural latex gloves (NLG) significantly delay the setting reaction (P less than 0.05). Manufacturers should take note of this and supply SLGs for mixing. Dentists contemplating the use of VPPIMs should take these findings into consideration.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

The effect of maize starch on setting time of vinyl polysiloxane putty impression materials.

Maize starch is widely used as a glove lubricant, and the belief is commonly held that it is responsible for retarding the setting reaction of vinyl polysiloxane putty impression material (VPPIM). In contrast, our research demonstrated experimentally that maize starch glove lubricant (MSGL) did not inhibit but significantly (P less than 0.05) accelerated the setting reaction of VPPIM.

Dental Impression Materials↗