Biomedical subjects

Lúcia Costa-Paiva

Publications and source records attributed to Lúcia Costa-Paiva.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

[Constipation in postmenopausal women].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with constipation in postmenopausal women and evaluate the level of agreement between different diagnostic criteria. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 postmenopausal women more than 45 old. The Rome II criteria, stool frequency per week and patient self-evaluation were the diagnostic criteria applied. Social demographic and clinical characteristics with their descriptive analysis were assessed. Subsequently, kappa (ê) statistics was used to assess the level of agreement between diagnostic criteria. The association between constipation and its possible determinants was studied by bivariate and multivariate analyses, using the prevalence ratio (PR). The confidence interval was set at 95% (95% CI). RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 58.9+/-5.9 years (range, 46-76 years). The prevalence of constipation was 47%, 37% and 26%, according to patient self-evaluation, the Rome II criteria and < 3 bowel movements per week, respectively. The best agreement found was between patient self-evaluation and the Rome II criteria (k: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.48-0.78). After multivariate analysis, the history of perianal surgery (PR: 2.69; 95% CI: 1.03-7.01), according to the Rome II criteria; the presence of hemorrhoids, according to stool frequency (PR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.16-5.51) and patient self-evaluation (PR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.01-3.15) were associated with constipation. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of constipation in postmenopausal women was high. Agreement between diagnostic criteria ranged from moderate to good. History of perianal surgery and presence of hemorrhoids were associated with constipation.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

[Knowledge of contraceptive methods among adolescent students].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the knowledge of contraceptive methods as well as to identify factors associated with adequate knowledge among public and private school adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study comprising 1,594 adolescents aged between 12 and 19 years old from 13 public and five private schools in the city of São Paulo city, Brazil, was carried out from June to December 2003. Schools were randomly selected and students filled out a questionnaire about sociodemographic, reproductive and contraceptive methods. The prevalence ratios were estimated with a 95% confidence interval for each question on their knowledge of contraceptive methods and by school group. Each question correctly answered received a half score, and the cut-off value was 50% of correct answers. Statistical tests utilized were Chi-square and Wilcoxon-Gehan tests and Poisson multiple regression model. RESULTS: Of all respondents, 61% were of females in both school groups. Most students had low socioeconomic condition in public schools while they had mostly high socioeconomic condition in private schools (p<0.001). Nearly 18.6% private and 28.6% public school students were sexually active (p<0.002). In regard to their knowledge, 25.7% of public and 40.8% of private school students had a score equal to or above five. Factors associated with higher knowledge were: being female, at high school of a private school, having high socioeconomic condition, having had sexual intercourse and being older. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of contraceptive methods was low in both public and private school students. The study results show that both underprivileged as well as high socioeconomic adolescents need to have adequate information about family planning to improve their knowledge and change their behavior.

Access to Information↗

PubMed2006

Factors associated with quality of life in a cohort of postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate quality of life (QOL) and identify its associated factors in a cohort of postmenopausal women who had not received hormone therapy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 81 postmenopausal women who had not used hormone therapy in the last six months. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, in addition to the prevalence of menopausal symptoms, were evaluated. QOL was assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire, which may be condensed into two summaries: Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary. Generalized linear models were used to analyze the data, allowing the identification of factors affecting QOL, adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS: The mean (+/-standard deviation) age of the participants was 58.1 +/- 4.7 years. The most prevalent symptoms were nervousness (67%) and hot flushes and sweating (51%). Factors associated with poorer QOL were sweating, palpitations, nervousness (physical component), and dizziness, nervousness, depression, insomnia and dyspareunia (mental component). CONCLUSION: We observed that menopausal symptoms negatively affected the physical and mental components of QOL in postmenopausal women.

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PubMed2005

Menopause symptoms and quality of life in women aged 45 to 65 years with and without breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of menopause symptoms, sexual activity, and quality of life in women with and without breast cancer. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using one group for comparison was conducted on women aged 45 to 65 years who had not received hormone therapy or tamoxifen during the last 6 months. Participants were recruited from the Menopause and Breast Cancer Outpatient Facilities. One hundred eighty-two women were included, 97 with breast cancer and 85 without breast cancer. Sociodemographic and clinical features and prevalence of menopause symptoms were assessed. The quality of life was assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. To compare sociodemographic and clinical features between groups, the Student's t test or Fisher exact test was used. Multiple logistic regression and linear regression models were used to control for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: The mean age of participants with breast cancer was 53.2 +/- 6.2 years, and the mean age of those without cancer was 57.8 +/- 4.9 years (P < 0.01). Age at menopause was 47.2 +/- 5.1 years and 47.4 +/- 4.9 years for women with and without breast cancer (P = 0.76), respectively. Approximately one-fourth of women with breast cancer and 4.7% of women without cancer were premenopausal (P < 0.01). The prevalence of menopause symptoms was similar between the groups. Women with breast cancer reported less sexual activity (51.5%) than women without cancer (62.4%) (P < 0.01). Quality of life scores were good in both groups. There was a significant difference regarding physical functioning, with a median score of 90 for the cancer group and 75 for the group without cancer (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of menopause symptoms was similar in women with and without breast cancer. Sexual activity was less frequent in women with breast cancer. Quality of life was good in women from both groups, although women with breast cancer had the highest level of physical functioning.

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PubMed2005

[Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal constipation in postmenopausal women].

BACKGROUND: Constipation occurs more frequently in the female population and it becomes more prevalent with increasing age. There are few studies that have assessed the prevalence of constipation in postmenopausal women. AIM: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with constipation in postmenopausal women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of postmenopausal women aged over 45 years was conducted. It included 100 women who sought medical attention at the Menopause Outpatient Facility at the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil, between March, 2003 and January, 2004. The prevalence of constipation was assessed according to the Rome II criteria. Sociodemographic and clinical features of these patients were studied. Physical examinations were performed to evaluate genital dystopias and anal sphincter tone. Statistical analysis was performed by using the mean, standard deviation, median, relative and absolute frequencies and by using the prevalence ratio with a 95% confidence interval and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 58.9 +/- 5.9 years and the mean age was 47.5 +/- 5.4 years at menopause. The prevalence of constipation was 37%, the most common symptom being excessive straining when defecating (91.9%), followed by a feeling of incomplete evacuation (83.8%), hard or lumpy stools (81.1%), less than three bowel movements per week (62.2%), sensation of anorectal obstruction during defecation (62.2%) and digital maneuvers to facilitate defecation (45.9%). Bivariate analysis showed that anal sphincter tone and the history of perianal surgery were factors associated with constipation. After applying multiple regression analysis, the history of perianal surgery was significantly associated with constipation (prevalence ratio: 2.68; 95% confidence interval: 1.18-6.11). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of constipation in postmenopausal women was high. The history of perianal surgery was significantly associated with constipation, even when the influence of other variables were taken into consideration.

Brazil↗

PubMed2002

[Climacteric women seeking medical care, Brazil].

OBJECTIVE: To study the causes and factors associated with climacteric women seeking medical care. METHODS: A descriptive exploratory cross-sectional population-based study was carried out. Subjects were 456 women aged 45 to 60 years resident in a metropolitan area of Southeastern, Brazil, selected through area cluster sampling. Data were collected through home interviews using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Statistical analysis were performed using Chi-square test, Cramer's coefficient and logistic multiple regression. RESULTS: About 80% sought medical care due to menstrual irregularities and climacteric symptoms. The main factors associated with women seeking medical care were hormone replacement therapy, marital status, and stronger psychological symptoms. The main reason for not seeking medical care was women's thought that their complaint did not justify medical attention. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high demand for medical care by climacteric women, but a significant percentage did not seek medical attention because they believed their symptoms were ordinary.

Climacteric↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Quality of life in Brazilian breast cancer survivors age 45-65 years: associated factors.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate quality of life (QOL) and identify its associated factors in climacteric women with a history of breast cancer. A cross-sectional study was performed including 75 breast cancer survivors age 45-65 years who had undergone complete oncologic treatment and nonusers of hormone therapy or tamoxifen in the last 6 months. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in addition to the prevalence of climacteric symptoms were evaluated. QOL was evaluated by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire, including eight components that can be condensed into two summaries: a physical component summary (physical functioning, role-physical, body pain, general health) and a mental component summary (vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health). Generalized linear models were used to analyze the data, allowing the identification of factors affecting QOL, adjusting for confounding variables. The mean age of the participants was 53.1+/-5.9 years. Breast cancer survivors reported good QOL. The most prevalent symptoms were nervousness (69%) and hot flashes (56%). Factors associated with poorer QOL were dizziness, postmenopausal status, and breast-conserving therapy (physical component), as well as insomnia and being married (mental component). In conclusion, participants demonstrated good QOL. We identified factors that may influence QOL in women with breast cancer, highlighting being married, climacteric symptoms, postmenopausal status, and breast-conserving therapy. Given the impact of these factors, health professionals and patients must discuss choices for alleviating climacteric symptoms and explanations for the potential repercussions of breast cancer treatment.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Fecal incontinence in postmenopausal women: prevalence, severity and associated factors].

BACKGROUND: Fecal incontinence occurs more frequently in the female population and it becomes more prevalent with increasing age. There are few studies that have assessed the prevalence and severity of postmenopausal women. AIMS: To investigate fecal incontinence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on 100 postmenopausal women over the age of 45. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated, and a descriptive analysis of these characteristics was carried out. The prevalence of fecal incontinence was estimated. St. Mark's incontinence score was applied to study the severity of symptoms associated with fecal incontinence. The score was then categorized according to the tertile and symptom severity was classified as mild, moderate or severe incontinence. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to study the association between fecal incontinence and its likely determinants, employing the prevalence ratio. Confidence interval was set at 95%. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 58.9 +/- 5.9 years (range, 46-76 years). The prevalence rate was 15% for fecal incontinence. Of incontinent patients, 60% had mild incontinence. After multivariate analysis, factors associated with fecal incontinence was history of forceps delivery (prevalence ratio: 7.80; 95% confidence interval:2.38-25.55). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of fecal incontinence was high in postmenopausal women. Data suggest that most women presented mild fecal incontinence. The history of forceps delivery was associated with fecal incontinence.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Habitual physical activity and cardiovascular risk in post menopause].

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the prevalence of habitual physical activity and cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was made of 162 women, aged 40-65 years, amenorrheic for at least 12 months, receiving care at the menopause clinic of CAISM/UNICAMP. The women verbally answered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for assessment of physical activity levels. This instrument evaluates the frequency and duration of activities performed during transportation, at work, at home or in leisure- over the course of a normal week. Women were classified as sedentary, insufficiently active, active or very active. Laboratory tests were carried out to measure total serum cholesterol, high density lipoproteins and fasting glucose. Systolic and diastolic pressure was measured. RESULTS: The mean age of women in this study was 56.5 years and mean age at menopause was 46 years. Prevalence of physical activity was 83.3% of which 80.8% were classified as active, 2.5% as very active and 16.7% as insufficiently active. Principal activities were performed during transportation and while carrying out household chores. Only 38.3% of women had leisure-time physical activities. In the population, 87.7% of the women presented a Framingham score <10, considered of low cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal women show a high prevalence of habitual physical activity and low adherence to physical exercise. Cardiovascular risk was low in the population studied. It is important to encourage these women to practice physical activity compatible with their physical condition, to orient and stimulate them to practice not only their habitual physical activity but also physical exercise.

Adult↗