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Lakshmi Rao

Publications and source records attributed to Lakshmi Rao.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Discrimination of normal, inflammatory, premalignant, and malignant oral tissue: a Raman spectroscopy study.

Optical spectroscopy methods are fast emerging as potential alternatives for early diagnosis of cancer. A Raman spectroscopy method for discrimination of normal and malignant oral tissues has been developed by us earlier. It is necessary to evaluate and establish the validity of the approach before it can be routinely used. In the present study, our Raman spectroscopy investigations are extended further to evaluate the efficacy of the technique to discriminate between normal, inflammatory, premalignant, and malignant conditions in oral tissue. Spectral profiles of normal, malignant, premalignant, and inflammatory conditions show pronounced differences between one another. Spectra of normal tissues can be attributed mainly to lipids whereas pathological tissue spectra are dominated by proteins. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the spectral data sets belonging to the four different categories showed that scores of factors differentiated between normal and all pathological conditions but gave only poor discrimination among the three pathological states. PCA combined with multiparameter limit tests allow match/mismatch criteria to be applied to test samples when pathologically certified calibration sets are available in each class. It is shown that by this method all the four tissue types could be discriminated and diagnosed correctly. The biochemical differences between normal and pathological conditions of oral tissue are also discussed from spectral differences of the different classes of spectra.

Calibration↗
PubMed2006

Metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor and hypercalcemia in a patient with ulcerative colitis.

A 45-year-old man suffering from intermittent rectal bleeding was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis involving the descending colon and rectum. After 2 years on ulcerative colitis treatment, he presented with metastatic gastrointestinal tumor, liver and peritoneal spread, and a pelvic mass. Interestingly, he was found to have significant hypercalcemia. He was treated with Imatinib with significant symptomatic and clinical response.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2005

Recurrent early pregnancy loss and endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms.

OBJECTIVE(S): Studies on the relation between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity in implantation and maintenance of pregnancy highlights the importance of eNOS gene polymorphisms in recurrent early pregnancy loss (REPL). We investigated the relationship between idiopathic REPL and polymorphisms in eNOS among South Indian women. METHODS: A case-control study comprising 145 females with REPL and 99 control females. The polymorphisms studied include a 27 bp intron 4 repeat, Glu298Asp variation of exon 7 and a novel 140 A --> G polymorphism in intron 6. A polymerase chain reaction-based di-deoxy dye terminator sequencing method was used for genotyping. RESULTS: A novel A --> G polymorphism was identified in intron 6. The more frequent b allele of intron 4 repeat was present at a frequency of 0.84 in cases as compared to 0.86 in controls (O.R 1.17); the G allele of exon 7 coding for the wild-type glutamate containing isoform was present at a frequency of 0.79 in cases and 0.83 in controls (O.R 1.30, CI 0.6-2.8). The intron 6 variant A allele was present at a frequency of 0.58 in cases and 0.45 in controls (O.R 0.59, CI 0.33-1.08). Overall, the polymorphism in intron 6, in homozygous condition, exhibited a significant association to the risk of REPL (O.R 0.43, CI 0.21-0.89), P: 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: The present study identifies and validates a novel polymorphism in the eNOS gene which was found associated with the risk of REPL.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed2005

Chromosome inversions and a novel chromosome insertion associated with recurrent miscarriages in South India.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of chromosomal abnormalities and the frequency of a particular type of aberration in couples of South Indian origin with recurrent miscarriages. A total of 160 couples with recurrent miscarriages were analyzed using Giemsa-Trypsin-Giemsa (GTG) banding and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) wherever necessary. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 18 individuals representing 11.25% of the samples analyzed. Present study describes majority of the cases with chromosome inversions found to be common among the referred couples. Among the abnormal karyotypes, we report for the first time an unique case of chromosome insertion in a woman with the karyotype 46,XX,ins(12;6)(q24.2;q23q25) associated with recurrent miscarriages. The overall incidence of abnormalities and the predominance of chromosome inversions indicates to physicians that routine chromosome analysis of infertile couples of South Indian origin should be essentially considered before the planning of Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), and also the priorities for cytogenetic screening in individual cases should be established.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed2005

Novel X-chromosomal defect associated with abnormal ovarian function.

Abstract Premature ovarian failure (POF) may be idiopathic or may be associated with genetic or autoimmune disorders. It is well known that chromosomal defects can impair ovarian development and its function. It is estimated that X-chromosome abnormalities occur in 10-25% of women with abnormal ovarian function. Of these, the common chromosome defects reported are either true Turner's karyotype or its variants. We describe a novel X-chromosome aberration in a woman with primary amenorrhea. Cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed a short-arm deletion of X-chromosome as a Turner's variant [mos,45,XO/46,Xdel(X)(p11.1-p22.3)]. This interesting and rare case with unique X-chromosome defect reveals an additional mechanism for the cause of POF.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Nasal NK/T cell lymphoma mimicking a squamous cell carcinoma: a case report.

A 48 year old female presented with extensive ulceration of the nasal septum of 8 months duration. Investigations confirmed the local nature of the disease. A biopsy revealed large zones of ischemic necrosis and abnormal lymphoid cells invading vessel walls and glandular structures. Florid squamous metaplasia, and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of mucosal epithelium mimicked squamous cell carcinoma and necrotising sialometaplasia. Immunohistochemistry and insitu hybridization confirmed the diagnosis of an EBV positive, Nasal NK/T cell lymphoma. A Pubmed/Medline search suggests that this is the first documented case from India.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2004

Micro-Raman spectroscopy for optical pathology of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Micro-Raman spectra of formalin-fixed oral squamous normal and carcinoma tissues, stored at room temperature for 2 months, have been recorded. Spectra were recorded both in the epithelial and subepithelial regions of the tissues. No noticeable spectral contamination due to formalin was observed. Very significant differences between spectra of normal epithelial and malignant epithelial samples were found. No such differences in spectra of subepithelial malignant and subepithelial normal samples could be observed. This study shows that spectra from the epithelial region changes drastically because of malignancy-induced biochemical changes in this region. Major differences between normal and malignant spectra seem to arise from the protein composition, conformational/structural changes, and possible increase in protein content in malignant epithelia. The differences between normal epithelial and subepithelial spectra, as expected, arise mainly from the collagen in subepithelial tissue. Principal component analysis of the combined sets of spectra-epithelial and subepithelial, normal and malignant- showed that very good discrimination can be achieved by Raman microspectroscopy. This study thus validates the suitability of formalin-fixed tissues for optical pathology in oral malignancy.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2004

Rosette formation in non Hodgkin's lymphoma in the bone marrow--a case report.

This is a case report of rosette formation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the bone marrow. A 66 year old female on treatment for metastatic papillary carcinoma thyroid and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nodular small cleaved cell type was found to have bone marrow infiltration by a low grade B cell lymphoma. Bone marrow aspirate, imprint and trephine biopsy showed rosettes of the abnormal lymphoid cells. The associations of papillary carcinoma thyroid, hyperglobulinemia and retroperitoneal fibrosis in this case which explain the histogenesis of rosette formation are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue.

Clear cell carcinoma of the salivary glands is a rare tumour that represents less than one per cent of all salivary tumours. They are divided into a biphasic, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma and a monophasic pattern which may be myoepithelial or ductal in origin. The latter is accompanied by prominent fibrohyaline stroma and has been described recently as hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC). Most of the HCCC occur in the oral cavity, and are associated with minor salivary glands, unlike the biphasic pattern which is more common in the major salivary glands. In the oral cavity, the commonest site is the palate followed by the lips and the buccal mucosa. Its occurrence in the oropharynx and the larynx is extremely rare.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chromosomal abnormalities and y chromosome microdeletions in infertile men with varicocele and idiopathic infertility of South Indian origin.

Various factors cause spermatogenesis arrest in men and, in a large number of cases, the underlying reason still remains unknown. Little attention is paid to determining the genetic defects of varicocele-related infertility. The objective of our present study was to investigate the chromosomal abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile men of South Indian origin with varicocele and idiopathic infertility. Metaphase chromosomes of 251 infertile men with varicocele and unexplained infertility were analyzed using Giemsa-Trypsin-Giemsa (GTG) banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The microdeletions in 6 genes and 18 sequence-tagged-sites (STS) in the Yq region were screened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Out of 251 infertile men, 57 (22.7%) men were with varicocele, of which 8.77% were azoospermic, 26.31% were severely oligozoospermic, 21.05% were mildly oligozoospermic, and 43.85% were oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT), and 194 (77.29%), with idiopathic infertility, of which 51% were azoospermic, 13.40% were severely oligozoospermic, 19.07% were mildly oligozoospermic, and 16.4% were with OAT. Genetic defects were observed in 38 (15.13%) infertile individuals, including 14 (24.56%) men with varicocele and 24 (12.37%) men with idiopathic infertility. The frequencies of chromosomal defects in varicocele and idiopathic infertility were 19.3% and 8.76%, respectively, whereas Y chromosome microdeletions were 5.26% and 3.60%, respectively. Overall rate of incidence of chromosomal anomalies and microdeletions in 251 infertile men were 11.5% and 3.98%, respectively, indicating a very significant higher association of genetic defects with varicocele than idiopathic male infertility. Our data also demonstrate that, among infertile men with varicocele, severely oligozoospermic and OAT men with varicocele have higher incidences of genetic defects than mildly oligozoospermic and azoospermic men.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pap smear quality parameters of 3 sampling devices used by auxiliary nurse midwives on symptomatic rural Indian women.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) could make good-quality Pap smears after focused training and to determine which sampling device is most effective in their hands in field practice areas. STUDY DESIGN: In a downstaging cervical cancer screening program, 394 symptomatic rural Indian women between the ages of 35 and 60 were identified by the ANMs in 2 villages, with a total population of 14,747, and were invited to have a smear taken. Two hundred of these symptomatic women responded. The ANMs were educated to render information on screening for cervical cancer and to take smears with 3 sampling devices--Ayre spatula, modified spatula (with extended tip) and Cytobrush (Medscand AB, Malmö, Sweden). The smears were evaluated for 6 adequacy parameters. Smears made by gynecologists were used as controls. To establish the superiority of a method, chi2 tests were used. RESULTS: All smears made by the ANMs could be used to render a cytologic diagnosis. The adequacy parameters of all the smears made by ANMs at least matched those of the gynecologists. The best results were obtained with modified spatula (with extended tip) and combination of Cytobrush with modified spatula. CONCLUSION: Since only 50% of symptomatic rural women came for Pap testing, we conclude it is not easy to motivate women for such testing, even if a large-scale educational effort is made. ANMs can be taught to take reasonably good qualisuperior sampling device for ANMs is ty Pap smears. The superior sampling device for ANMs is the modified spatula (with extended tip).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the chest wall masquerading as a breast tumor. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare tumor that usually occurs in the soft tissues of extremities. Cytologic features of chondrosarcoma arising from a rib and presenting as a breast mass were reported by Molyneux et al in 1995. However, to the best of our knowledge, the cytology of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the chest wall presenting as a breast mass has not been documented before. CASE: A 30-year-old female presented with left-sided chest pain and a hard lump in the breast of two months' duration. Fine needle aspiration cytology was done, and a possible diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma or mixed tumor of the breast was suggested, with advice to prepare a frozen section before undertaking a radical procedure. On imprint cytology and frozen section a diagnosis of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma was made and confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION: It is rare for extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma to occur in the chest wall. This problem is compounded by the fact that cells of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma which resemble epithelial cells, can very closely mimic some malignant breast tumors.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Giant cystic lymphangioma of the middle mediastinum.

A middle-aged male presenting with complaint of progressively increasing dysphagia was found to have a large cystic mass lesion in the middle mediastinum on evaluation. A diagnosis of an endo-duplication cyst was considered after exploration, in view of infiltration of the muscular layer of the lower thoracic esophagus, presence of multiple hyperemic nodular lesions on its inner surface and its location in the middle mediastinum. However, the histopathology revealed the lesion to be a cystic lymphangioma.

Adult↗