Biomedical subjects

Lars Mulder

Publications and source records attributed to Lars Mulder.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Biomechanical consequences of developmental changes in trabecular architecture and mineralization of the pig mandibular condyle.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the changes in apparent mechanical properties of trabecular bone in the mandibular condyle during fetal development and to investigate the contributions of altering architecture, and degree and distribution of mineralization to this change. Three-dimensional, high-resolution micro-computed tomography (microCT) reconstructions were utilized to assess the altering architecture and mineralization during development. From the reconstructions, inhomogeneous finite element models were constructed, in which the tissue moduli were scaled to the local degree of mineralization of bone (DMB). In addition, homogeneous models were devised to study the separate influence of architectural and DMB changes on apparent mechanical properties. It was found that the bone structure became stiffer with age. Both the mechanical and structural anisotropies pointed to a rod-like structure that was predominantly oriented from anteroinferior to posterosuperior. Resistance against shear, also increasing with age, was highest in the sagittal plane. The reorganization of trabecular elements, which occurred without a change in bone volume fraction, contributed to the increase in apparent stiffness. The increase in DMB, however, contributed more dominantly. Incorporating the observed inhomogeneous distribution of mineralization decreased the apparent stiffness, but increased the mechanical anisotropy. This denotes that there might be a directional dependency of the DMB of trabecular elements, i.e. differently orientated trabecular elements might have different DMBs. In conclusion, the changes in DMB and its distribution are important to consider when studying mechanical properties during development and should be considered in other situations where differences in DMB are expected.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2006

Regional differences in architecture and mineralization of developing mandibular bone.

The goal of this study was to investigate the mutual relationship between architecture and mineralization during early development of the pig mandible. These factors are considered to define the balance between the requirements for bone growth on the one hand and for load bearing on the other. Architecture and mineralization were examined using micro-CT, whereas the mineral composition was assessed spectrophotometrically in groups of fetal and newborn pigs. The development of the condyle coincided with a reorganization of bone elements without an increase in bone volume fraction, but with an increase in mineralization and a change in mineral composition. In the corpus, the bone volume fraction and mineralization increased simultaneously with a restructuring of the bone elements and a change in mineral composition. The growth of the condyle was reflected by regional differences in architecture and mineralization. The anterior and inferior regions were characterized by a more dense bone structure and a higher mineralization as compared to posterior and superior regions, respectively. In the corpus, growth was mainly indicated by differences between buccal and lingual plates as well as between anterior, middle, and posterior regions characterized by a more compact structure and higher mineralization in the lingual and middle regions. In conclusion, the architecture and mineralization in the condyle and corpus started to deviate early during development toward their destiny as trabecular and cortical bone, respectively. These results were compatible with those obtained with mineral composition analysis. Regional differences within condyle and corpus reflected known developmental growth directions.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Architecture and mineralization of developing cortical and trabecular bone of the mandible.

Ossification of the presumptive trabecular bone in the mandibular condyle and the presumptive cortical bone in the mandibular corpus of the pig mandible was investigated during development, using micro-computed tomography (microCT). Three-dimensional architecture and mineralization characteristics were assessed from ten pigs of different developmental ages. In the condyle, increases in trabecular thickness and separation and a decrease in the trabecular number, led to an unchanged bone volume fraction. A conversion from rod-like into plate-like trabeculae was observed. Bone volume and trabecular thickness were always higher in the corpus, where an increase in bone volume fraction was caused by an increase in the trabecular thickness and a decrease in separation. A transition from a plate-like structure into a more compact structure took place. The average degree of mineralization in the condyle and the corpus increased with age. In the corpus, the degrees of mineralization were higher than in the condyle. The differences between the condyle and corpus and the changes with age could be explained by differences in the distribution of mineralization within the trabecular elements. Generally, the degrees of mineralization increased from the surface toward the centers of the trabecular elements, indicating growth of the trabecular elements by the surface apposition of new mineral.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Architecture and mineralization of developing trabecular bone in the pig mandibular condyle.

Architecture and mineralization are important determinants of trabecular bone quality. To date, no quantitative information is available on changes in trabecular bone architecture and mineralization of newly formed bone during development. Three-dimensional architecture and mineralization of the trabecular bone in the mandibular condyle from six pigs of different developmental ages were investigated with micro-CT. Anteriorly in the condyle, a more advanced state of remodeling was observed than posteriorly, where more active growth takes place. Posteriorly, the bone volume fraction increased with age (r=0.87; P<0.05) by an increase of trabecular thickness (r=0.88; P<0.05), while the number of trabeculae declined (r=-0.86; P<0.05). Anteriorly, despite an increase in trabecular thickness (r=0.97; P<0.001), there was no change in bone volume fraction due to a simultaneous decline in trabecular number (r=-0.84; P<0.05) and increase in trabecular separation (r=0.95; P<0.01). Posteriorly, rods were remodeled into plates as expressed by the structure model index (r=-0.97; P<0.001), whereas anteriorly, a plate-like structure was already present in early stages. The trabecular structure had a clear orientation throughout the developmental process. The global degree of mineralization increased both anteriorly (r=0.86; P<0.05) and posteriorly (r=0.89; P<0.05). We suggest that the degree of mineralization does not depend on the bone volume, but on the thickness of the trabeculae as the mineralized centers of trabeculae were getting larger and more highly mineralized with age compared to their appositional layers. This indicates that besides apposition of new bone material on the surface of trabeculae, the mineralized tissue in their centers still changes and matures.

Animals↗