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Biomedical subjects

Laura Fayad

Publications and source records attributed to Laura Fayad.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Vascular malformations in the extremities: emphasis on MR imaging features that guide treatment options.

Vascular malformations can be classified into high-flow arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and low-flow venous or lymphatic malformations (VM/LM). VMs and LMs have the ability to cross multiple tissue boundaries. Not only is subcutaneous tissue often involved, but multiple muscle groups, tendons, bone cortex and bone marrow are also not uncommonly violated. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides valuable information for the assessment and treatment of malformations. Firstly, MRI can characterize the flow pattern of these malformations to guide treatment towards trans-arterial embolization for AVMs and percutaneous embolization for low flow malformations. MRI is essential to define the anatomic extent and involvement of various tissue layers (a distinct advantage over ultrasound), and to correlate treatable components of the malformation with patient symptoms. Treatment is decided by the need to alleviate clinical symptoms, and is dependent on the extent of the malformation as defined by MRI. We present MRI features of vascular malformations to demonstrate the potential spectrum of involvement of these lesions, illustrating the value of MRI in treatment planning.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMed2006

MRI image overlay: applications to arthrography needle insertion.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has unmatched potential for planning, guiding, monitoring and controlling interventions. MR arthrography (MRA) is the imaging gold standard to assess small ligament and fibrocartilage injury in joints. In contemporary practice, MRA consists of two consecutive sessions: 1) an interventional session where a needle is driven to the joint space and gadolinium contrast is injected under fluoroscopy or CT guidance. 2) A diagnostic MRI imaging session to visualize the distribution of contrast inside the joint space and evaluate the condition of the joint. Our approach to MRA is to eliminate the separate radiologically guided needle insertion and contrast injection procedure by performing those tasks on conventional high-field closed MRI scanners. We propose a 2D augmented reality image overlay device to guide needle insertion procedures. This approach makes diagnostic high-field magnets available for interventions without a complex and expensive engineering entourage.

Arthrography↗
PubMed2006

Increased 18F-FDG uptake in degenerative disease of the spine: Characterization with 18F-FDG PET/CT.

UNLABELLED: We determined the prevalence of abnormal spinal 18F-FDG uptake and assessed the relationship between the severity of findings on 18F-FDG PET and the severity of degenerative spinal disease (DSD) on CT. METHODS: PET/CT scans of 150 patients >18 y old, referred for whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT for evaluation of known or suspected malignancy from June to July 2002, were analyzed retrospectively for the presence of increased 18F-FDG uptake in the spine and for anatomic correlates. Initially, PET images were examined and foci of 18F-FDG uptake in the spine were graded on a 0-4 scale based on intensity of 18F-FDG uptake (0 = definitely normal, 1 = probably normal, 2 = equivocal, 3 = probably abnormal, 4 = definitely abnormal). From PET alone, an impression as to whether lesions were most likely metastases or degenerative, as well the level of the spine involved, was also recorded. CT images of all 150 patients were reviewed independently by a musculoskeletal radiologist, who was unaware of patient identification, history, and findings of other imaging modalities, with the location recorded and severity graded on a 4-point-scale (0 = normal, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe for both degenerative disk and facet disease). The relationship between PET and CT findings was then determined. RESULTS: Of the 150 patients, 63 (42.0%) had no abnormal findings in the spine on PET (grade 0), 27 (18.0%) had grade 1, 25 (16.7%) had grade 2, 17 (11.3%) had grade 3, and 16 patients (10.7%) had grade 4 18F-FDG uptake for DSD. Two additional patients had apparent spinal metastases with no degenerative changes. Five patients had metastases and DSD (included above). Of the patients who had abnormal spinal findings graded as probable or definite for DSD on CT (grades 3-4), 11 had abnormal findings in the cervical spine, 16 in the thoracic spine, and 23 patients in the lumbosacral spine. Seven patients (4.7%) had PET findings suggestive of spinal metastases. For patients with a maximum regional DSD score of 3, the mean 18F-FDG uptake for that spinal level was 1.4 +/- 1.5, whereas for patients with a maximum regional DSD score of 0, the mean PET grade was significantly lower at 0.4 +/- 0.9 (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Incidental findings on PET suggestive of DSD are common (22% of patients), most common in the lumbosacral spine, and can be recognized on CT. The severity of PET findings correlates with the severity of degenerative disk and facet disease as graded by CT, likely due to the fact that the inflammatory process that accompanies DSD is evident on PET. Increased 18F-FDG uptake in DSD should not be confused with metastatic disease.

Adult↗