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Laura Young

Publications and source records attributed to Laura Young.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Prospective outcomes of adults with speciated Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease, 2021-2026.

RATIONALE: Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD) is clinically heterogeneous and carries diverse outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To describe predictors of clinical progression of MAC-LD in a state-wide cohort. METHODS: We enrolled adults with MAC-LD from across Virginia, USA starting in 2021. Every 6 months we performed respiratory quality of life questionnaire, scored CT scans, and recorded respiratory mycobacterial cultures including MAC speciation. Outcomes were classified using NTM-NET consensus definitions, factors predicting clinical progression analyzed by Poisson regression, and hierarchical clustering on principal components derived from Factorial Analysis of Mixed Data. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 105 participants the median follow-up was 917 days. Mean age was 69.8 years, 79 (75%) were women, and 70 (67%) had nodular bronchiectasis. M. intracellulare was the most common species, present in 48 (46%) participants at enrollment, followed by M. avium (29, 28%), and M. intracellulare subspecies chimaera (11, 10%). Only 2 (9%) of 22 evaluable participants met the NTM-NET definition of cure. In all participants after multivariable adjustment, older baseline age (incidence rate ratio 1.03 [1, 1.06], p = 0.04) and fibrocavitary CT scan pattern (2.57 [1.33, 4.96], p = 0.005), were associated with unfavorable 12-month clinical progression. Species type and species persistence contributed to characteristics of three distinct phenotypes of MAC-LD of varying severity and clinical progression. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of participants were not assessable for MAC-LD treatment outcomes using strict NTM-NET definitions. Species informed phenotypes of MAC lung disease are prognostically useful and can inform routine management and trial design.

M. intracellulare↗
PubMed2005

The alternate forms reliability of the Oucher pain scale.

The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of the alternate forms reliability of three versions of the Oucher pain scale. Because the original large-sized posters were unwieldy for use by nurses with children in clinical settings, it became necessary to reduce it in size. To determine whether the resulting tools were psychometrically equivalent to the original versions of the Oucher, this study was undertaken. In a group of 3- to 12-year-old children who underwent surgical or dental procedures ( n = 137), scores were obtained after the procedure on small and large versions of the Oucher. The order of presentation of the two different Ouchers was randomized. Findings revealed that correlation coefficients between the scores provided for the small and large versions of the Oucher were strong, positive, and significant for the Caucasian, African-American, and Hispanic versions in 3- to 12-year-old children. These results provided evidence of the adequacy of the alternate forms reliability of these scales.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2004

Testing the concurrent and predictive relations among articulation accuracy, speech perception, and phoneme awareness.

The relations among articulation accuracy, speech perception, and phoneme awareness were examined in a sample of 97 typically developing children ages 48 to 66 months. Of these 97 children, 46 were assessed twice at ages 4 and 5 years. Children completed two tasks for each of the three skills, assessing these abilities for the target phoneme /r/ and the control phoneme /m/ in the word-initial position. Concurrent analyses revealed that phoneme-specific relations existed among articulation, awareness, and perception. Articulation accuracy of /r/ predicted speech perception and phoneme awareness for /r/ after controlling for age, vocabulary, letter-word knowledge, and speech perception or phoneme awareness for the control phoneme /m/. The longitudinal analyses confirmed the pattern of relations. The findings are consistent with a model whereby children's articulation accuracy affects preexisting differences in phonological representations and, consequently, affects how children perceive, discriminate, and manipulate speech sounds.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using social marketing principles to guide the development of a nutrition education initiative for preschool-aged children.

Within the field of nutrition education, social marketing has become a promising framework to systematically approach problems related to nutrition behavior. In 1997, the Colorado Nutrition Network began developing a social marketing campaign to promote healthful food choices among low-income Coloradans. A multifaceted formative evaluation plan that included focus groups, campaign concept pretesting, and a food frequency questionnaire was used to segment and scrutinize the target audience. The resulting pilot program was a blend of educational and marketing strategies targeting preschoolers that was implemented in Head Start classrooms. The 12-week intervention contained a narrow, behavior-based "try new foods" message, multiple nutrition education activities, and repeated opportunities to taste 13 novel foods. Key strategies used and findings from the formative evaluation process are presented herein in an effort to provide insight for nutrition educators interested in developing similar interventions.

Child↗