Biomedical subjects

Lennart Kaijser

Publications and source records attributed to Lennart Kaijser.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

High intensity deep water training can improve aerobic power in elderly women.

Deep water running with wet vest is a safe form of exercise for elderly with mobility limitations. However, it is not known to what extent their aerobic power may be improved. Therefore, the aim was to assess the effects of high intensity deep water interval training with vest in elderly women. Twenty-nine healthy women 69 +/- 4 years old participated. They performed a graded maximal exercise test on the cycle ergometer. They were randomly assigned to a control or to a training group. A submaximal exercise test on the cycle ergometer was executed only by the training group. They trained in deep water running/walking wearing a vest two times a week for 8 weeks. The target heart rate was 75% of maximal heart rate and the training consisted of several short working periods and resting intervals. After the intervention the heart rate at rest was 8% lower for the training group (P<0.01). Their heart rate at submaximal exercise was 3% less (P<0.01), their maximal oxygen uptake was raised by 10% (P<0.01), and their maximal ventilation was increased 14% (P<0.01). The values for the control group were unaltered after the period of intervention. In conclusion, high intensity deep water running with vest improves submaximal work capacity, maximal aerobic power, and maximal ventilation with the effects transferable to land-based activities in elderly women.

Aerobiosis↗

PubMed2006

Older women's cardiovascular responses to deep-water running.

The aim of the study was to examine submaximal and maximal physiological responses and perceived exertion during deep-water running with a vest compared with the responses during treadmill running in healthy elderly women. Eleven healthy women 70 +/- 2 years old participated. On two different occasions they performed a graded maximal exercise test on a treadmill on land and a graded maximal exercise test in water wearing a vest. At maximal work the oxygen uptake was 29% lower (p < .05), the heart rate was 8% lower (p < .05), and the ventilation was 16% lower (p < .05) during deep-water running than during treadmill running. During submaximal absolute work the heart rate was higher during deep-water running than during treadmill running for the elderly women. The participants had lower maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate, ventilation, respiratory-exchange ratio, and rate of perceived exertion during maximal deep-water running with a vest than during maximal treadmill running. These responses were, however, higher during submaximal deep-water running than during treadmill running.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Adipose tissue extracts plasma ammonia after sprint exercise in women and men.

This study evaluates a possible contribution of adipose tissue to the elimination of plasma ammonia (NH(3)) after high-intensity sprint exercise. In 14 healthy men and women, repeated blood samples for plasma NH(3) analyses were obtained from brachial artery and from a subcutaneous abdominal vein before and after three repeated 30-s cycle sprints separated by 20 min of recovery. Biopsies from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were obtained and analyzed for glutamine and glutamate content. After exercise, both arterial and abdominal venous plasma NH(3) concentrations were lower in women than in men (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). All postexercise measurements showed sex-independent positive arterio-subcutaneous abdominal venous plasma NH(3) concentration differences (a-v(abd)), indicating a net uptake of NH(3) from blood to adipose tissue. However, the fractional extraction (a-v(abd)/a) of NH(3) was higher in women than in men (P < 0.05). The glutamine-to-glutamate ratio in adipose tissue was increased after the second and third bout of sprint exercise (2.2 +/- 0.7 and 1.6 +/- 0.8, respectively) compared with the value at rest (1.2 +/- 0.6), suggesting a reaction of the extracted NH(3) with glutamate resulting in its conversion to glutamine. Adipose tissue may thus play an important physiological role in eliminating plasma NH(3) and thereby reducing the risk of NH(3) intoxication after high-intensity exercise.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2004

Golf: a high intensity interval activity for elderly men.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim was to quantify the time spent at different exercise intensities for male golfers, in relation to age, while walking a "normal" 18-hole golf course. METHODS: 19 healthy male golfers (six 27 (5) years old, seven of 50 (7) and six of 75 (4) years) performed a maximal exercise test on a treadmill (maximal oxygen uptake and maximal heart rate were measured). Within one week, they played an "average" 18-hole course starting at 7:00 a.m. During the round, their heart rate was monitored with a Polar Vantage heart rate monitor, which sampled the heart rate every 5 seconds. Body weight was measured before and after the round. Blood glucose was taken at rest before the round and after each 3rd hole. Perceived exertion and perceived pain in muscles and joints were rated using the CR 10 Borg scale just before reaching each green and after a few selected uphill parts of the course. RESULTS: High intensity of exercise was reached during 6% of the total playing time for the young, 30% for the middle-aged and 70% for the elderly golfers, playing 18 holes (p < 0.05). The golfers' heart rate was below 50% of their individual maximal heart rate, 18% of total time for young golfers, 16% for the middle-aged, and not at all for the elderly. Perceived exertion, breathlessness and leg fatigue were rated in a similar manner for all three groups. Perceived pain in joints and muscles was rated extremely weak except in a few players who had some known joint or muscle problem. The mean blood glucose level fell by 20% for the young (p < 0.05), 10% for the middle-aged, and 30% for the elderly players (p < 0.05) after 18 holes of play. Body weight was reduced 0.7% similarly for all three groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Walking an 18-hole golf course corresponds to an exercise intensity which is moderate and high for the elderly, mainly low to moderate for the middle-aged, and low for young male golfers. All golfers, regardless of age, perceived their exertion similarly as weak to moderate.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Water exchange induced by unilateral exercise in active and inactive skeletal muscles.

Water exchange was evaluated in active (E-leg) and inactive skeletal muscles by using (1)H-magnetic resonance imaging. Six healthy subjects performed one-legged plantar flexion exercise at low and high workloads. Magnetic resonance imaging measured calf cross-sectional area (CSA), transverse relaxation time (T2), and apparent diffusion capacity (ADC) at rest and during recovery. After high workload, inactive muscle decreased CSA and T2 by 2.1% (P < 0.05) and 3.1% (P < 0.05), respectively, and left ADC unchanged. E-leg simultaneously increased CSA, T2, and ADC by 4.2% (P < 0.001), 15.5% (P < 0.05), and 12.5% (P < 0.001), respectively. In conclusion, ADC and T2 correlated highly with muscle volume, indicative of extravascular water displacement closely related to muscle activity and perfusion, which was presumably a combined effect of increased intracellular osmoles and hydrostatic forces as driving forces. A distinguishable muscle temperature release was initially detected in the E-leg after high workload, and the ensuing recovery of ADC and T2 indicated delayed interstitial restitution than restitution of the intracellular compartment. Furthermore, absorption of extravascular water was detected in inactive muscles at contralateral high-intensity exercise.

Adult↗