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Biomedical subjects

Leslie M Klevay

Publications and source records attributed to Leslie M Klevay.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Medical examination in nutrition surveys.

Pellagra was the most important deficiency disease used as a model for nutrition surveys, because its diagnosis depended on physical signs. By the mid twentieth century, laboratory tests improved the specificity of physical signs in diagnosis of deficiency disease. The author uses his experience in Panama to illustrate how attention to the details of a medical examination can improve accuracy and sensitivity of a nutrition survey.

China↗
PubMed2003

Confirmation of an acute no-observed-adverse-effect and low-observed-adverse-effect level for copper in bottled drinking water in a multi-site international study.

In a double blind, 3x3 factorial (volumexdose) study, 70 adult females (18-60 years of age) at four different international sites (total pooled n=269) were given 100, 150, or 200ml of bottled drinking water with 0.4, 0.8, or 1.2mg of copper (Cu) as the sulfate salt once each week. Two additional doses (0 and 1.6mg Cu) were added at the 200ml volume to determine a dose-response relationship and corroborate previously reported results. All subjects completed a questionnaire at 0, 0.25, and 1h post-dosing that screened for positive gastrointestinal (GI) effects (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea). Nausea was the most prevalent symptom reported and was generally reported within the first 15min (water volume, p<0.032; copper dose, p<0.0001; and water volumexcopper interaction, p<0.97). As volume increased, the effect of Cu-induced nausea decreased; as Cu dose increased, the incidence of nausea increased. At 200ml, a significant increase in reported incidence of nausea at 0.25h occurred at 1.2 mg Cu (6mg Cu/L), indicating a NOAEL of 0.8mg Cu (4mg Cu/L) for adult females. These data confirm a previously determined human acute NOAEL for Cu added to distilled water, and provide additional, controlled human data for determining safe concentrations of Cu in drinking water.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

Meat diets and fragile bones: inferences about osteoporosis.

Because women supplemented with copper have improved bone density and femurs of rats deficient in copper have decreased mechanical strength, the hypothesis that mice fed meat would have fragile bones was tested. Mice fed sirloin are hypercholesterolemic in comparison to mice fed meat and beef liver because of a relative deficiency of copper compared to zinc. Male, albino, Swiss mice were fed trimmed sirloin or sirloin supplemented with beef liver (3/1 by weight). After 62 days, when hypercholesterolemia was detected, mice were killed and femurs were removed, cleaned and dried. Breaking strength was measured carefully at room temperature. The meat diet produced femurs 23% weaker (8.8 +/- 0.70 N/mg.100 vs 11.4 +/- 0.92, mean +/- SE, p < 0.04) in comparison to meat plus liver. Calcium, copper and phosphorus concentrations were unaffected but zinc was mildly elevated in the weak bones (426 +/- 17.5 pg/g vs 355 +/- 9.23, p < 0.002). These elements generally are unaltered in osteoporotic bones. Because copper deficiency produces osteoporosis in animals and people and because the Western diet often is low in copper, further tests of the hypothesis that diets low in copper contribute to osteoporosis are warranted.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2002

Low dietary magnesium increases supraventricular ectopy.

BACKGROUND: Magnesium has been suggested to be beneficial in counteracting all phases of the processes that lead to ischemic heart disease, including terminal events such as arrhythmia and sudden death. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that an intake of magnesium considerably below the recommended dietary allowance can produce chemical and physiologic evidence of depletion. DESIGN: Twenty-two postmenopausal women were maintained in a metabolic unit and ate a diet of conventional foods containing less than one-half of or more than the recommended dietary allowance for magnesium (320 mg/d). Dietary assignments were random and double blind in a crossover design. Magnesium concentrations were measured by spectroscopy and ion-specific electrolyte analysis, and Holter electrocardiograms lasting approximate 21 h were recorded. RESULTS: Magnesium concentrations in erythrocytes, serum (total and ultrafilterable), and urine were significantly lower when dietary magnesium was lower. Holter monitors showed a significant increase in both supraventricular and supraventricular plus ventricular beats when the dietary magnesium concentration was low. Hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and hypokalemia were not found. CONCLUSIONS: The magnesium requirement was defined with the use of biochemical and electrophysiologic criteria. The recommended dietary allowance of 320 mg/d seems correct; 130 mg is too little. Persons who live in soft water areas, who use diuretics, or who are predisposed to magnesium loss or ectopic beats may require more dietary magnesium than would others.

Aged↗