Toxin-coregulated pilus-loaded microparticles as a vaccine against Vibrio cholerae O139.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
Li Liu
Publications and source records attributed to Li Liu.
[Efficacy and safety of arbidol in treatment of naturally acquired influenza].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Arbidol in the treatment of naturally acquired influenza. METHODS: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial was conducted. Subjects were enrolled. The inclusion criteria included: aged 18 to 65 years, presented within 36 hours of onset of influenza symptoms; and had documented temperature of 37.8 degrees C or higher during an influenza outbreak in the community. Individuals were randomly divided Arbidol group (200 mg three times daily for 5 days) or placebo group. RESULTS: Totally 232 individuals were recruited and received medication and follow-up. All of them were qualified to be analyzed for safety as intent-to-treat population (ITT) (113 Arbidol, 109 placebo). Twenty-two (9.48%) were during follow-up or refused to continue the trial, and 210 completed as schecule and identified as PP population (102 Arbidol, 108 placebo). Totally 125 individuals were identified as influenza-infected through laboratory test, which was defined as PPi population (59 Arbidol, 66 placebo). In PPi population, the cumulative alleviation proportion of Arbidol group was significantly higher than that of placebo group. The median duration of illness was 72.0 hours (95% confident interval (CI) 66.00-78.00 hours) in Arbidol group and 96.0 hours (95% CI 87.46-104.54 hours) in placebo group. The median area under the curve (AUC) of decreased total score were significantly higher in Arbidol group than in placebo group, which were 780.00 and 684.00 score-hours respectively. For PP population, similar results were seen. Adverse events reported were similar in Arbidol group and in placebo group. The main adverse events were gastrointestial symptoms and increased transaminase. CONCLUSION: Arbidol was effective and well tolerated in the treatment of early naturally acquired influenza.
Adolescent↗
[Immunohistochemical detection and clinical significance of beta-catenin expression in human esophageal cancers].
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the expression level of beta-catenin correlates with the invasion and metastasis of human esophageal cancers. METHODS: Using immunohistochemical staining technique, we investigated the expression of beta-catenin in different tissues from the specimens of the primary tumor and the nearby non-tumorous esophageal mucosa. RESULTS: Strong expression of beta-catenin in the nearby non-tumorous esophageal mucosa was observed. However, in the primary esophageal cancers, the expression of beta-catenin was frequently reduced and disorderly distributed. The level of beta-catenin expression was closely related with the growth pattern, cellular differentiation, depth of invasion, and lymphatic metastasis. CONCLUSION: The down-regulation of beta-catenin expression might be a predictor indicating the metastatic potential of esophageal cancers.
Biomarkers, Tumor↗
[Follow-up study of 147 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Taiyuan City].
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Dexamethasone↗
[Expression analysis of mouse homologous proteins with human aldose reductase like-1].
OBJECTIVE: To detect expression of mouse ARL-1 homologous proteins in mouse tissues, and analyze homology, genetic distance and phylogenetic relationship between human aldose reductase like-1 (ARL-1) and mouse homologous proteins. METHODS: Homology of mouse ARL-1 homologous proteins with human ARL-1 was analyzed by software Clustal X 1.8 using GenBank and Swiss-Prot database; genetic distance and phylogenetic relationship between mouse ARL-1 homologous proteins and human ARL-1 were analyzed by software Mega 2.0; mouse tissues were detected by Western blotting using polyclonal antibodies against ARL-1 protein from domestic rabbits. RESULTS: The amino acid sequence of human ARL-1 was 83%, 82%, 81%, 79%, 70%, 51%, 50% and 45% identical to that of the Chinese hamster ovary reductase (CHO-Red), the mouse fibroblast growth factor-regulated protein (FR-1), rat aldose reductase-like protein (rARLP), the mouse vas deferens protein (MVDP), rat lens aldose reductase (LeAR), delta4-3-ketosteroid-5beta-reductase (5beta-Red), rat aldo-keto reductase protein c (RaK-c) and 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3alpha-HSD). Among all the mouse ARL-1 homologous proteins, the genetic distance between CHO-Red and human ARL was the shortest (18.0%, P = 0.023), next was FR-1 (19.1%, P=0.023) and rARLP (19.9%, P = 0.025). From the phylogenetic tree, the protein whose relationship with human ARL-1 was the closest with CHO-Red, next was mouse FR-1, rARLP, MVDP and LeAR. Homologous proteins were found in mouse tissues including vas deferens, testis, bladder and uterus by Western blotting using polyclonal antibodies against ARL-1 protein from domestic rabbits. CONCLUSIONS: CHO-Red has the highest homology, the shortest genetic distance and the closest relationship with human ARL-1, next is FR-1, rARLP, MVDP. The major distribution of mouse ARL-1 homologous proteins is in vas deferens, testis, bladder and uterus, deducing they might be CHO-Red, FR-1, rARLP or MVDP
ADP-Ribosylation Factors↗
[The expression of MMP-9, MMP-2 in the remodeling bone tissue around implant during unloaded period].
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the function of MMP-9, MMP-2 in the remodeling bone tissue around implant during unloaded period. METHODS: At the anterior of the maxilla and mandibular of the Beagle dog, implants were placed at different periods, so the implant specimens of different periods were obtained after dogs were killed. The implant specimens were removed, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 hours at 4 degrees C, decalcified with 10% EDTA at pH 7.2, embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned. The observation of the expression changes of the MMP-2, MMP-9 in the milien bone tissue of the implant at different periods were taken by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Matrix metalloprotainase (MMP-9) was mostly expressed at the peripheral cytoplasmic of osteoclast, macrophage, lining cell and fibroblast. MMP-2 was mostly expressed at the peripheral cytoplasmic of osteoblast, fibroblast, some osteoclast also expressed this enzyme. CONCLUSION: MMP-2 and MMP -9 have an important function at the injured bone absorption, healing and bone remodeling after dental implant placement.
Animals↗
[Microbial corrosion of dental alloy].
There is a very complicated electrolytical environment in oral cavity with plenty of microorganisms existing there. Various forms of corrosion would develop when metallic prosthesis functions in mouth. One important corrosive form is microbial corrosion. The metabolic products, including organic acid and inorganic acid, will affect the pH of the surface or interface of metallic prosthesis and make a change in composition of the medium, thus influencing the electron-chemical reaction and promoting the development of corrosion. The problem of develpoment of microbial corrosion on dental alloy in the oral environment lies in the primary condition that the bacteria adhere to the surface of alloy and form a relatively independent environment that promotes corrosion.
Corrosion↗
[Study on AIDS related risk behaviors and the correlated factors among three groups of population in Sichuan province].
OBJECTIVE: To provide the basis for AIDS intervention, the study on the relationship between AIDS related risk behaviors and the related factors was carried out among prostitutes, injection drug users and long-distance truck drivers. METHODS: Questionnaire investigation and statistical analysis as chi(2) test, F test, logistic regression were adopted to analysis the relationship between AIDS related risk behaviors and the correlated factors. RESULTS: Knowledge about AIDS seemed to be related to their level of understanding the problem (in commercial sex workers r = 0.307, P = 0.000, in injection drug users F = 93.07, P = 0.000, in truck man F = 30.06, P = 0.000). Condom use when entertaining their clients last time was related to the knowledge of HIV transmission in commercial sex workers and truck drivers (OR = 1.171, 1.145) and knowledge of HIV prevention (OR = 1.081, 1.397), in drug users regarding gender difference (OR = 2.121). CONCLUSION: This study addressed that the effective means to reduce the rate of AIDS risk behaviors and to lessen the harm of AIDS are to improve the knowledge of AIDS and the effective methods to prevent AIDS in the high risk population.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[Synthesis and anti-active oxygen properties of water-soluble metal porphyrins].
AIM: To synthesize four water-soluble metal porphyrins [5, 10, 15, 20-tetra[4-(4'-pyridine-1) butyloxy phenyl] metalloporphyrins bromide, metal = Zn (I), Cu (II), Mn (III) and Co (IV)] as analogous enzyme having two anti-active oxygen functions. METHODS: The first function, scavenging O2-, has been proved by using riboflavine-methionine photoreduction methods. The second function, scavenging H2O2, has been demonstrated by using the oxidating Vit C. The third function, scavenging HO*, has been demonstrated by using Fenton reaction. The complexes were measured by the mice liver homogenate technique of mice. RESULTS: Four model compounds could scavenge O2- in the concentration range of 1.0 x 10(-5) - 1.0 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1), decompose H2O2 in the concentration of 1.5 x 10(-6) - 1.0 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1), scavenge HO* in the concentration of 2.0 x 10(-8) - 1.0 x 10(-8) mol x L(-1). All showed that they had obvious action of decreasing the lipid peroxidation in the concentration of 1.0 x 10(-7) mol x L(-1). CONCLUSION: All above-mentioned complexes were considered to be qualified analogous enzymes of anti-active oxygen.
Animals↗
[Preparation and specificity analysis of anti-Drosophila Dxl6 antibody].
In order to study the function of Dxl6 which is a novel member of SR protein family, its cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR, and the sequences of its RS domain and its middle part were subcloned into two fusion express vectors, pGEX-4T-1His(6)C and pET32a. After expressing in E.coli BL21, the truncated proteins of Dxl6 RS domain part and Dxl6 middle part in pGEX-4T-1His(6)C were purified and used to immunize rabbits. Purified antibodies against the RS domain and Dxl6 middle part were obtained by affinity chromatography with the expressed products of Dxl6 RS domain part and Dxl6 middle part in pET32a, respectively. The result shows the antibody against Dxl6 RS domain has a good specificity to Dxl6 in Drosophila larvae by Western blot analysis.
Animals↗
[Potent neutralization antibody elicited in mice by SARS-associated coronavirus spike protein S1 domain].
OBJECTIVE: To study the antigenicity of SARS associated coronavirus (CoV) spike S1 (12-672Aa) domain. METHODS: BALB/c mice were immunized with a plasmid bearing codon-optimized SARS-CoV (Tor2 strain) S1 domain and then boosted with purified S1 protein; the SARS-CoV specific IgG antibody was tested by ELISA and neutralization antibody was determined by in vitro microneutralization assay. RESULTS: S1 domain of SARS-CoV spike, which has been demonstrated harboring the receptor binding domain, successfully elicited SARS-CoV specific IgG antibody in mouse after combined immunization with DNA and purified S1 protein; the antibody elicited solely by S1 could potently neutralize SARS-CoV (HKU-39849) in vitro, 50% of 1 000 TCID50 SARS-CoV challenged cells were protected from viral infection by a 1:1499.68 dilution of mice sera immunized with S1 protein, but negative control sera showed no protection. CONCLUSION: S1 domain of SARS-CoV spike protein, which is responsible for receptor binding, can efficiently and sufficiently induce highly potent neutralizing antibody in mice. This result suggested that S1 domain could be an effective subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV.
Animals↗
[Determination of mercury in battery by microwave digestion cold atomic absorption spectrometry].
In this paper, a method of microwave digestion followed by cold atomic absorption spectrometry (CAAS) for the determination of mercury in battery was developed. Microwave digestion conditions and operational conditions of CAAS were optimized. The digestive solution was a mixture of hydrochloric acid-sulfuric acid (4:1, volume ratio) and the digestive time was 3 min at a microwave power of 1.0 MPa. The reaction medium was 0.5 mol x L(-1) sulfuric acid at room temperature. The characteristic concentration was 0.25 microg x L(-1). Five battery samples were determined, the recoveries were from 99.9% to 113%, and the relative standard deviations were from 4.85% to 11.9% (n = 6). The analytical results were satisfactory. The method is fast, simple, accurate and solvent-saving.
English Abstract↗
[Serum antibody level of meningococcal meningitis in health people in Hubei Province in 2003].
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Adolescent↗
[Effects of centrifuge training on mRNA expression in different rat tissues].
OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the tissue specific expression of five rat genes related to centrifuge training and the relationship between expression change and duration of training. METHOD: mRNA was extracted from hearts, brains, kidneys, lungs and intestines of rats after different durations of training. Five genes obtained by SSH from centrifuge-trained rats were labeled by Dig-11-dUTP as probes. The expression levels were measured by thin-line hybridization. Optical density (OD) values were obtained by scanning and treated with statistics. RESULT: As compared with control group, the new gene CH157 expression decreased in hearts and brains of rats trained for 6 d (P<0.05), but returned to control levels after 12 d training; the new gene CH244 expression depressed in rat hearts, brains, and intestines after 6 d or 12 d training, but it was not statistically significant owing to large individual differences; gene expression of protein inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide syntheses (PIN) increased gradually and significantly in rat hearts (P<0.01 after 12 d training) and kidneys (P<0.05 after 12 d training); Cyt b gene expression in rat hearts and brains increased increasingly (P<0.01 after 12 d training), however, it increased obviously (P<0.05) in kidneys, lungs and intestines of rats trained for 6 d, while it returned back a little in rats trained for 12 d; enlongation factor 1-alpha expression levels in intestines of rats trained for 6 d increased significantly (P<0.05), but it became no significant in rats trained for 12 d, while the expression in brains increased gradually (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: It suggested that the change in gene expression in several tissues of rats caused by centrifuge training contribute in enhancing +Gz tolerance.
Acceleration↗
Injury and strain-dependent dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra of mice after axotomy or MPTP.
We studied the effects of axotomy or neurotoxin on the survival of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) neurons in two strains of mice, FVB/N or C57BL/6. Fluoro gold (FG) was injected into both striata of the mice to retrogradely label the nigrostriatal neuronal population. Ten days later, these neurons were axotomized in the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) unilaterally or N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was administered intraperitonealy for 2 days to produce bilateral degeneration. MFB transection or MPTP administration produced a progressive loss of FG-labeled and tyrosine hydroxylase immunolabeled (TH+) neurons in both strains. Relative to control, 72% of SNpc neurons died 4 weeks after axotomy in C57BL/6 mice and 50% died after axotomy in FVB/N mice. MPTP resulted in death of 80% of SNpc neurons in C57BL/6 mice but only 40% in the FVB strain 4 weeks after MPTP administration. In this more sensitive strain, MPTP cell death was associated with positive staining for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and nuclear condensation. In contrast, no TUNEL staining was detected in SNpc after MPTP in FVB/N mice. Further, while similar kinetics and extent of cell death accompanied axotomy, axotomy-induced cell death was TUNEL negative in both FVB/N and C57BL/6 mice. Double staining for TUNEL and microtubule associated protein 2 confirmed that the majority of the TUNEL positive cells were neurons. These data indicate that genetic factors and the type of lesion play an important role in determining death of dopaminergic neurons after injury.
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
Olfactory ensheathing cells genetically modified to secrete GDNF to promote spinal cord repair.
Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation has emerged as a very promising therapy for spinal cord repair. In this study, we tested the ability of genetically modified OECs to secrete high levels of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to promote spinal cord repair. The GDNF gene was transduced into OECs using a retroviral-based system. The engineered OECs were first characterized by their ability to express and secrete biologically active GDNF in vitro. After implantation into the spinal cord of adult rats with complete spinal cord transection, OEC survival and GDNF production were examined. The locomotor functions of animals were assessed and axon regeneration was evaluated at the morphological level. To our knowledge, we report for the first time that the genetically modified OECs are capable of producing GDNF in vivo to significantly improve recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). This work combined the outgrowth-promoting property of OECs with the neuroprotective effects of the additionally overexpressed neurotrophic factors and opens new avenues for the treatment of SCI.
Animals↗
HIV-1 subtype B' dictates the AIDS epidemic among paid blood donors in the Henan and Hubei provinces of China.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic background of HIV-1 strains among infected paid blood donors (PBD) in the Henan and Hubei provinces of China. METHODS: The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify HIV-1 gag p17 fragments and some 5'-half or full-length viral genomes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The HIV-1 sequences obtained were analysed using phylogenetic and recombinant approaches. RESULTS: Among the total of 62 samples studied, 59 (95.2%) came from PBD. Of those 59 PBD, 45 were collected from 14 different geographical locations in Henan, whereas the remaining 14 were from five locations in Hubei. A total of 62 HIV-1 gag p17 fragments, three 5'-half and one full HIV-1 genome sequences were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences suggests that PBD from Henan and Hubei, despite being geographically distant, harbored a group of genetically closely related HIV-1 B' strains. No recombinant forms have been detected in this cohort. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that the AIDS epidemic among PBD in Henan and Hubei is caused largely by HIV-1 subtype B', which contrasts greatly with the CB' recombinant strains CRF-07 and CRF-08 currently dominating among the drug abusers in other regions of China. Our report has revealed the first complete genome background of the most dominant circulating HIV-1 strain in Henan and Hubei, which is essential for the design and development of an effective AIDS vaccine for the region.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Reduction of Htt inclusion formation in strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in certain DNA repair functions: a statistical analysis of phenotype.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a model system to examine the aggregation of the huntingtin protein (Htt), a well-established marker in the pathology of the triplet expansion disorder Huntington's disease (HD). Several genetic backgrounds, such as Deltahsp104, have proven to be refractory to inclusion formation through a process yet to be fully elucidated. These results have prompted a wide-ranging search for other mutant strains that exhibit a lower level of Htt aggregation. A novel assay system in which Htt is expressed as a fusion protein containing eGFP enables an analysis of aggregation and the factors that suppress it. We have examined several strains that are devoid of certain mismatch repair genes and find that some of these support a reduced level of inclusion body formation. We apply a detailed and stringent statistical analysis to the results obtained for all yeast strains that exhibit a definable phenotype. Such analyses should be useful and applicable to other in vivo analyses of related phenomena.
Base Pair Mismatch↗