Complications of anterior chamber fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses.
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Anterior Chamber↗
Biomedical subjects
Li Wang
Publications and source records attributed to Li Wang.
Heat shock fusion protein induces both specific and nonspecific anti-tumor immunity.
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a tumor antigen, and the most important epitopes that can induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) reside in the variable-number tandem repeats (VNTR). Heat shock protein (HSP) complexes isolated from tumors have been shown to induce specific anti-tumor immunity. HSP alone can also induce nonspecific immunity. To explore the possibility to utilize the specific anti-tumor immunity induced by MUC1 VNTR and the nonspecific immunity induced by HSP, we constructed a recombinant protein (HSP65-MUC1) by fusing Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-derived HSP65 with the MUC1 VNTR peptide and tested its ability to induce anti-tumor activities in a tumor challenge model. The growth of MUC1-expressing tumors was significantly inhibited in mice immunized with HSP65-MUC1, both before and after tumor challenge. A much larger percentage of immunized mice survived the tumor challenge than non-immunized mice. Correlating with the anti-tumor activity, HSP65-MUC1 was shown to induce MUC1-specific CTL as well as nonspecific anti-tumor immunity. In the human system, HSP65-MUC1-loaded human DC induced the generation of autologous MUC1-specific CTL in vitro. These results suggest that exogenously applied HSP65-MUC1 may be used to treat MUC1 tumors by inducing the epitope-specific CTL as well as nonspecific anti-tumor responses mediated by the HSP part of the fusion protein.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Toll-like receptor engagement stimulates anti-snRNP autoreactive B cells for activation.
Autoreactive B cells are the source of pathogenic autoantibodies (autoAb) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previous studies have demonstrated that anti-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNP) B cells from normal background mice tolerize T cells in the periphery and do not secrete autoAb. In this study, we examined whether these anti-snRNP B cells can be activated for autoAb production by the engagement of Toll-like receptors (TLR). Anti-snRNP B cells proliferated vigorously and secreted abundant anti-snRNP autoAb upon exposure to CpG or polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] in vitro. In addition, the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 were up-regulated. While both anti-snRNP B cells and wild-type B cells produced similar levels of IL-6 and IL-10, anti-snRNP B cells secreted predominately IFN-gamma in response to CpG or poly (I:C) stimulation. Furthermore, we showed that in vivo engagement of TLR stimulated immature anti-snRNP B cells to further differentiate and produce autoAb and form germinal centers. The activated anti-snRNP B cells became expanded and migrated into the T-B cell interface. Moreover, TLR engagement directly or indirectly activated autoreactive B cells via a CD4 T cell-independent manner. These results provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that BCR/TLR co-engagement promotes the activation of anti-snRNP B cells for autoAb production.
Animals↗
Manipulation, dissection, and lithography using modified tapping mode atomic force microscope.
A modified tapping mode of the atomic force microscope (AFM) was introduced for manipulation, dissection, and lithography. By sufficiently decreasing the amplitude of AFM tip in the normal tapping mode and adjusting the setpoint, the tip-sample interaction can be efficiently controlled. This modified tapping mode has some characteristics of the AFM contact mode and can be used to manipulate nanoparticles, dissect biomolecules, and make lithographs on various surfaces. This method did not need any additional equipment and it can be applied to any AFM system.
Dissection↗
Gene-chip analysis of the effect of tripeptide tyroservatide (YSV) on gene-expression in human hepatocarcinoma BEL-7402 tumors transplanted to nude mice.
Tyroservatide (YSV) is a bioactive tripeptide of tyrosyl-seryl-valine. In this study, we studied the effects of YSV on human hepatocarcinoma BEL-7402 tumors transplanted in BALB/c (nu/nu) nude mice, and gene expression in the tumor cells with gene-chip analysis. Results show that YSV significantly inhibits the growth of transplanted human hepatocarcinoma BEL-7402 in nude mice (n = 12) compared with the control group (P < 0.05); with an inhibition rate of 55% at 320 microg/kg/d. Seven hundred eighty-one genes were different between the YSV group and the control group. Fifty-two genes changed in expression level by onefold or more including 37 downregulated genes and 15 upregulated genes. Probably, YSV exhibits a significant antitumor activity by inhibiting the expression of tumor cells histone genes, then damaging tumor cell chromosome and killing tumor cells.
Animals↗
Application of serum protein fingerprint in diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
To find new biomarkers and establish serum protein fingerprint models for early diagnosis and preoperative staging of papillary thyroid carcinoma, we employed SELDI-TOF-MS and bioinformatics tools. A total of 116 samples were analyzed in this study. The first 80 samples were analyzed by SELDI-TOF-MS and two biomarker patterns were identified. Pattern 1 distinguishes patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma from healthy individuals. Pattern 2 distinguishes papillary thyroid carcinoma from benign thyroid nodes. The remaining 29 samples were analyzed on the second day and served as an independent test set. The analysis of this independent test set yielded a specificity of 80.0% and a sensitivity of 88.9% for pattern 1 and a specificity of 80.0% and a sensitivity of 80.0% for pattern 2. Two additional biomarker patterns were identified to distinguish different stages of the papillary thyroid carcinoma (pattern 3) with an accuracy of 77.1% and different pathological types of thyroid carcinoma (pattern 4) with an accuracy of 88.1%. Taken together, the SELDI-TOF-MS technique combined with bioinformatics approaches can not only facilitate the discovery of better biomarkers for papillary thyroid carcinoma but also provide a useful tool for molecular diagnosis in the future.
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
Genetic diversity and population structure of yellow camellia (Camellia nitidissima) in China as revealed by RAPD and AFLP markers.
Camellia nitidissima, a rare plant but a useful genetic resource for commercial cultivation of ornamental camellias, is distributed in a narrow region of South China and North Vietnam. In this study, RAPD and AFLP markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of six natural populations of C. nitidissima from Guangxi in South China. Twenty RAPD primers amplified 183 bands, of which 143 bands were polymorphic, and 8 AFLP primer pairs produced 502 bands, of which 364 were polymorphic. Independent as well as combined analyses of the cluster analyses of the RAPD and AFLP fragments showed that the six populations could be classified into two major genetic groups corresponding to the Nanning and Fangcheng areas. The Mantel test revealed significant correlation between the genetic and geographic distances of C. nitidissima populations (r = 0.953, p = 0.036). AMOVA analysis allowed the partitioning of the genetic variation between groups (36.09%), among populations within groups (25.78%), and within populations (38.14%). An understanding of both the genetic diversity and the population structure of C. nitidissima in China can also provide insight into the conservation and management of this endangered species.
Base Sequence↗
Ganglioside GD1a regulation of caveolin-1 and Stim1 expression in mouse FBJ cells: augmented expression of caveolin-1 and Stim1 in cells with increased GD1a content.
GD1a was previously shown responsible for regulating cell motility, cellular adhesiveness to vitronectin, phosphorylation of c-Met and metastatic ability of mouse FBJ osteosarcoma cells. To determine the particular molecules regulated by GD1a, FBJ cells were assessed for tumor-related gene expression by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Caveolin-1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (Stim1) expression in FBJ-S1 cells, rich in GD1a, were found to be 6 and 4 times as much, respectively, than in FBJ-LL cells devoid of GD1a. Enhanced production of caveolin-1 in protein was confirmed by Western blotting. A low-metastatic FBJ-LL cell variant, having high GD1a expression through beta1-4GalNAcT-1 (GM2/GD2 synthase) cDNA transfection (Hyuga S, et al, Int J Cancer 83: 685-91, 1999), showed enhanced production of caveolin-1 and Stim1 in mRNA and protein, compared to mock-transfectant M5. Incubation of FBJ-M5 cells with exogenous GD1a augmented the expression of caveolin-1 in mRNA and protein and Stim1 in mRNA as well. Treatment of FBJ-S1 with fumonisin B1, an inhibitor of N-acylsphinganine synthesis, for 15 days caused the complete depletion of gangliosides and suppressed the expression of caveolin-1 and Stim1. St3gal5 siRNA transfected cells showed decreased expression of caveolin-1 and Stim1 mRNA, as well as St3gal5 mRNA. These findings clearly indicate ganglioside GD1a to be involved in the regulation of the transformation suppressor genes, caveolin-1 and Stim1. Moreover, treatment with GD1a of mouse melanoma B16 cells and human hepatoma HepG2 cells brought about elevated expression of caveolin-1 and Stim1.
Animals↗
Prolonging the ultrasound signal enhancement from thrombi using targeted microbubbles based on sulfur-hexafluoride-filled gas.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to develop and characterize new microbubbles based on lipids and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) for targeting thrombi as an improved ultrasound contrast agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bioconjugate ligands were inserted into the lipid-coated membranes of SF6 gas microbubbles, and their physicochemical properties were determined. Diagnostic efficacies of SF6-filled microbubbles and the contrast agent SonoVue (Bracco Imaging, Geneve, Switzerland) were compared in dogs. RESULTS: Suspensions of lyophilized powder were reconstituted by injecting saline containing 3.1 x 10(8) SF6 microbubbles/mL with a mean diameter of 4.4 microm. More than 90% of microbubbles had diameters between 1 and 10 microm. After reconstitution, echogenicity and microbubble characteristics were unchanged for 8 hours. Targeted microbubbles increased the echogenicity of thrombi significantly and provided a longer period of optimal signal enhancement compared with nontargeted microbubbles. CONCLUSIONS: Our thrombus-targeting microbubble contrast agent shows high echogenicity and stability and thereby enhances the visualization of intravascular thrombi and prolongs the duration of the diagnostic window.
Animals↗
Size of corneal topographic effective optical zone: comparison of standard and customized myopic laser in situ keratomileusis.
PURPOSE: To investigate the corneal topographic effective optical zone (EOZ) in eyes after wavefront-guided myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and to compare them with the EOZ after standard LASIK. DESIGN: Retrospective, case-control study. METHODS: We evaluated the corneal topographic maps of 41 eyes of 25 consecutive patients who had CustomVue LASIK (CV LASIK) and 41 eyes of 23 patients who had standard LASIK with correction up to -7 diopters using the VISX Star S4 laser (VISX Inc, Santa Clara, California, USA). On the refractive map of the Humphrey Topography System, we defined the EOZ as the area outlined by a change of corneal power of 0.5 diopters from the power at the center of the pupil. We analyzed the differences in EOZs of the two ablation patterns and the correlation between EOZ and magnitude of refractive correction. RESULTS: The mean postoperative EOZs were 17.9 +/- 3.7 mm(2) and 11.4 +/- 3.4 mm(2) after CV and standard LASIK, representing 60% and 40% of the laser-programmed optical zones, respectively (both P < .0001). There was no correlation between the postoperative EOZs and the magnitude of refractive correction for both ablations (all P > .05). In eyes with spherical correction (cylinder < or =0.25 diopters), CV LASIK increased the preoperative EOZ by 3.8 +/- 5.6 mm(2) (P = .018), whereas standard LASIK decreased EOZ by 4.5 +/- 5.2 mm(2) (P = .005). CONCLUSION: CV LASIK created larger corneal topographic EOZs than standard ablation. In eyes with spherical correction, the preoperative EOZ was expanded by CV LASIK and reduced by standard LASIK.
Adult↗
Transplantation of angiogenin-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells synergistically augments cardiac function in a porcine model of chronic ischemia.
OBJECTIVE: Accumulated evidence suggests that myogenesis and angiogenesis induced by implanted cells play important roles in restoring cardiac function after a myocardial infarction. The current study investigated the effects of transplanted autologous mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing angiogenin on myocardial perfusion and cardiac function in the porcine chronic ischemic model. METHODS: Chronic ischemia was generated in Yorkshire pigs by placing an ameroid constrictor around the left circumflex artery. Four weeks after occlusion, the animals were randomly separated into 4 groups: pigs in the MSC(AdAng) or MSC(AdNull) groups were implanted with 6 x 10(8) mesenchymal stem cells infected with adenovirus containing angiogenin gene or null adenovirus, respectively; pigs in the AdAng or AdNull groups were injected intramyocardially with adenovirus (5 x 10(9) plaque forming unit/pig) containing angiogenin gene or null adenovirus, respectively. Four weeks after implantation, mesenchymal stem cells prelabeled with DiI were observed within the implanted area in both cell transplantation groups. RESULTS: Angiogenin protein levels were significantly greater in the MSC(AdAng) and AdAng groups than in the other 2 groups and were associated with greater neovessel formation than in the other 2 groups. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation decreased scar size and increased scar thickness. Both the AdAng and MSC(AdNull) groups experienced improved cardiac function compared with that seen in the AdNull group. However, a synergistic effect of mesenchymal stem cells and angiogenin was observed in the MSC(AdAng) group because myocardial perfusion and cardiac function increased significantly (P < .05 for all groups) in this group compared with all the others. CONCLUSIONS: Transplantation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells transfected with the angiogenin gene revealed a synergistic effect on the improvement of heart perfusion and function after ameroid occlusion.
Animals↗
Oxygen-radical regulation of renal blood flow following suprarenal aortic clamping.
OBJECTIVE: Renal insufficiency continues to be complication that can affect patients after treatment for suprarenal aneurysms and renal artery occlusive disease. One proposed mechanism of renal injury after suprarenal aortic clamping (above the superior mesenteric artery) and reperfusion (SMA-SRACR) is the loss of microvascular renal blood flow with subsequent loss of renal function. This study examines the hypothesis that the loss of medullary and cortical microvascular blood flow following SMA-SRACR is due to oxygen-derived free radical down-regulation of endogenous medullary and cortical nitric oxide synthesis. METHODS: Anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats (about 350 g) either had microdialysis probes or laser Doppler fibers inserted into the renal cortex (depth of 2 mm) and into the renal medulla (depth of 4 mm). Laser Doppler blood flow was continuously monitored. The microdialysis probes were connected to a syringe pump and perfused in vivo at 3 microL/min with lactated Ringer's solution. The animals were subjected to SMA-SRACR (or sham) for 30 minutes, followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Laser Doppler blood flow after the 30 minutes of SMA-SRACR followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion was compared with the time zero (basal) and with the corresponding sham group and reported as percent change compared with the time zero baseline. The microdialysis fluid was collected at time zero (basal) and compared with the dialysis fluid collected after 30 minutes of SMA-SRACR followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion as well as the corresponding sham group. The microdialysis dialysate was analyzed for total nitric oxide (microM) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) (PGI2 metabolite), and thromboxane B2 synthesis. The data are reported as percent change compared with the baseline time zero. The laser Doppler blood flow and microdialysis groups were treated with either saline carrier, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) (30 mg/kg, nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor), L-arginine (400 mg/kg, nitric oxide precursor), superoxide dismutase (SOD, 10,000 U/kg, oxygen-derived free radical scavenger), L-NAME + SOD, or L-arginine + SOD. SOD was given 30 minutes before the reperfusion, and the other drugs were given 15 minutes before reperfusion. The renal cortex and medulla were separated and analyzed for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2, prostacyclin synthase, and PGE2 synthase content by Western blot. RESULTS: Superior mesenteric artery-SRACR caused a marked decrease in medullary and cortical blood flow with a concomitant decrease in endogenous medullary and cortical nitric oxide synthesis. These changes were further accentuated by L-NAME treatment but restored toward sham levels by L-arginine treatment after SMA-SRACR. The kidney appeared to compensate for these changes by increasing cortical and medullary PGE2 synthesis and release. SOD treatment restored renal cortical and medullary nitric oxide synthesis and blood flow in the ischemia-reperfusion group and in the ischemia-reperfusion group treated with L-NAME. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that nitric oxide is important in maintaining renal cortical and medullary blood flow and nitric oxide synthesis. These data also support the hypothesis that the loss of medullary and cortical microvascular blood flow following SRACR is due in part to oxygen-derived free radical downregulation of endogenous medullary and cortical nitric oxide synthesis.
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
Iodinated contrast induced renal vasoconstriction is due in part to the downregulation of renal cortical and medullary nitric oxide synthesis.
OBJECTIVES: The loss of renal function continues to be a frequent complication of the iodinated contrast agents used to perform diagnostic angiography and endovascular procedures. This study examined the hypothesis that contrast-induced renal injury is partly due to a decrease in cortical and medullary microvascular blood flow after the downregulation of endogenous renal cortical and medullary nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. METHODS: Anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats (300 g) had microdialysis probes or laser Doppler fibers inserted into the renal cortex to a depth of 2 mm and into the renal medulla to a depth of 4 mm. Laser Doppler blood flow was continuously monitored, and the microdialysis probes were connected to a syringe pump and perfused in vivo at 3 muL/min with lactated Ringer's solution. Dialysate fluid was collected at time zero (basal) and 60 minutes after infusion of either saline or Conray 400 (6 mL/kg). Both groups were treated with saline carrier, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 30 mg/kg), L-arginine (400 mg/kg), or superoxide dismutase (10,000 U/kg), an oxygen-derived free radical scavenger. Dialysate was analyzed for total NO and eicosanoid synthesis. The renal cortex and medulla were analyzed for inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), prostacyclin synthase, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) synthase content by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Conray caused a marked decrease in cortical and medullary blood flow with a concomitant decrease in endogenous cortical NO, PGE(2), and medullary NO synthesis. The addition of L-NAME to the Conray further decreased cortical and medullary blood flow and NO synthesis, which were restored toward control by L-arginine. Neither L-NAME nor L-arginine (added to the Conray) altered cortical or medullary eicosanoids release. Medullary PGE(2) synthesis decreased when superoxide dismutase was added to the Conray treatment, suggesting that oxygen-derived free radicals had a protective role in maintaining endogenous medullary PGE(2) synthesis after Conray treatment. Conray did not significantly alter iNOS, COX-2, prostacyclin synthase, or PGE(2) synthase content. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the downregulation of renal cortical and medullary NO synthesis contributes to the contrast-induced loss of renal cortical and medullary microvascular blood flow. Preservation of normal levels of renal cortical and medullary NO synthesis may help prevent or lessen contrast-induced renal vasoconstriction and lessen contrast-induced renal injury found after diagnostic and therapeutic endovascular procedures.
Animals↗
Bovine embryonic stem cells.
Bovine embryonic stem (bES) cell lines reported to date vary in morphology and marker expression, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4), and octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (OCT4), that normally are associated with the undifferentiated, pluripotent state. This chapter introduces the methods of isolating and maintaining bovine ES cells. These bovine ES cells grow in large, multicellular colonies resembling the mouse ES and embryonic germ (EG) cells, as well as human EG cells. Throughout the culture period, most of the cells within the colonies stain positive for ALPL and cell surface markers SSEA4 and OCT4. The staining patterns of the bES cells are identical to those of the blastocysts fertilized in vitro (IVF), yet different from most previously reported bovine ES cell lines, which are either negative or not detected. After undifferentiated culture for more than 1 year, these cells maintained the ability to differentiate into embryoid bodies and derivatives of all three EG layers, thus demonstrating their pluripotency. In addition to bES from IVF, this chapter introduces two methods of generating blastocyst stage embryos other than in vitro fertilization, which are parthenogenetic activation and somatic cell nuclear transfer for the potential application of generation "patient-specific" ES cells.
Animals↗
RFLP analysis for mitochondrial genome of CMS-rice.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to analyze mitochondrial (mt) genome of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) rice. Differences were observed among mitochondrial genomes of the sterile line (A) and maintain line (B) of nine types of CMS rice; Mitochondrial genomic differences were also detected between A and B in many functional gene regions. Even the materials with the same nucleic background have differences in their mtDNA. This provides molecular evidence for the cytoplasmic heterogeneity and the CMS mechanism research.
Crosses, Genetic↗
Genetic relationships of ornamental cultivars of Ginkgo biloba analyzed by AFLP techniques.
Eight primer combinations that produced clear and a large number of polymorphic bands were screened from 64 EcoR I/Mse I primer combinations (Mse I fluorescent labeled). The genetic relationships of 21 ornamental cultivars of Ginkgo biloba L. from the United States of America, Holland, Japan, France, and China were analyzed. These primer combinations produced a total of 1 119 bands, 229 specific loci (including 54 absent bands, and 175 monomorphic bands). Among them, 983 polymorphic bands (PPB), accounting for 88%, were detected. The percentage of identification per primer combination was as high as 100%. The average PPB of 14 foreign cultivars was 35.86% and the average PPB of seven domestic cultivars was 31.51%. Genetic similarity coefficient (SC) among all cultivars varied from 0.4899 to 0.8499, and all cultivars were divided into the four clusters when SC was set at 0.7300. The cultivars from the same origin did not fall into the same group. The cultivars from France and China were classified into three groups. According to the comprehensive analyses based on specific loci, similarity coefficient, and clustering results, eight cultivars 'Fastigiata', 'Tit', 'Tubifolia', 'Daeryinxing', 'Variegata', 'Horizontalis, 'Pendula', and 'Yiyuanyeziyinxing' were considered to be important germplasms of ornamental cultivars of Ginkgo biloba.
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis↗
Reticent behavior and experiences in peer interactions in Chinese and Canadian children.
In this study, the authors examined relations between reticent behavior in unfamiliar peer situations and experiences in interactions in Chinese and Canadian children. Observational data were collected from samples of children at 4 years of age in the People's Republic of China and Canada. The results indicated that relations between reticent behavior and peer initiations were similar in the 2 samples. The differences between the samples were mainly in peer responses. Reticent behavior was associated with peer rejection such as overt refusal and disagreement in the Canadian sample but with positive responses such as approval in the Chinese sample, particularly when children made low-power initiations. The results suggest that reticent children in China and Canada may have similar as well as different experiences in social interactions.
Asian People↗
Immunization with autologous T cells enhances in vivo anti-tumor immune responses accompanied by up-regulation of GADD45beta.
Immunization with inactivated autoreactive T cells may induce idiotype anti-idiotypic reactions to deplete autoreactive T cells, which are involved in autoimmune diseases. However, it is unknown whether attenuated activated healthy autologous T-cell immunization could increase anti-tumor immune responses. To this end, C57Bl/6 mice were immunized with attenuated activated autologous T cells. The splenocytes from immunized mice showed a higher proliferative ability than that from naive mice. The special phenotype analysis showed that there were more CD8+ T cells and CD62L+ T cells in immunized mice after 24 h of culture with 10% fetal calf serum complete medium in vitro (P<0.01). These results demonstrated that this immunization may activate T cells in vivo. Furthermore, the splenocytes from immunized mice revealed resistance to activation-induced cell death (AICD) in vitro. To further study the relative genes that are responsible for the higher proliferation and resistance to AICD, the expression of Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) and GADD45b was measured by real-time PCR. The results indicated that GADD45beta transcription was higher in the splenocytes from immunized mice than that in the naive mice. In addition, the Fas expression showed a parallel higher, but FasL did not change obviously. To investigate the biologic functions induced by immunization in vivo, a tumor model was established by EL-4 tumor cell inoculation in C57/Bl mice. Mice receiving autologous T-cell immunization had significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo (P<0.01). This study implicated that immunization with attenuated activated autologous T cells enhances anti-tumor immune responses that participate in tumor growth inhibition.
Animals↗