DSM-IV subtypes of ADHD in a Chinese outpatient sample.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
Li Yang
Publications and source records attributed to Li Yang.
Association of norepinephrine transporter gene with methylphenidate response.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between alleles of the norepinephrine transporter gene and the methylphenidate response. METHOD: Chinese Han youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder recruited in the Outpatient Department of the Institute of Mental Health from 2001 to 2004 were treated with methylphenidate in doses of 0.45 to 0.60 mg/kg per day. Behavior changes were measured by the ADHD Rating Scale-IV when optimal doses were reached. The single-nucleotide polymorphic allele of norepinephrine transporter gene G1287A was used as the genetic marker, and the genotypes were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS: A significant association was found between norepinephrine transporter gene G1287A genotypes and response to methylphenidate for hyperactive-impulsive subscale scores (mean score reduction was 7.15 and 6.94 for G/G and G/A genotype, respectively, and 2.13 for A/A; p = .012) but not inattentive scores. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest an association between the G1287A polymorphism of the norepinephrine transporter gene and variation in methylphenidate response. Further work is needed to confirm this finding and to assess its generalization to other ethnic groups.
Adolescent↗
Distance-preserving projection of high-dimensional data for nonlinear dimensionality reduction.
A distance-preserving method is presented to map high-dimensional data sequentially to low-dimensional space. It preserves exact distances of each data point to its nearest neighbor and to some other near neighbors. Intrinsic dimensionality of data is estimated by examining the preservation of interpoint distances. The method has no user-selectable parameter. It can successfully project data when the data points are spread among multiple clusters. Results of experiments show its usefulness in projecting high-dimensional data.
Algorithms↗
Lipopolysaccharide administration enhances hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in newborn rats.
AIM: To determine whether inflammation and hypoxic-ischemic insult (HI) act additively to cause brain damage in perinatal animals by examining the dose-response effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration on HI insult in neonatal rat pups. METHODS: Seven-day-old Wistar rats (n = 119) were divided into three groups: (i) a group that received a pre-injection of LPS and HI (LPS/HI, 1 mg/kg, n = 31; 0.5 mg/kg, n = 20; 0.1 mg/kg, n = 17); (ii) a group that received a pre-injection of saline and HI (saline/HI, n = 35); and (iii) those that received LPS alone (1 mg/kg, n = 16). At 4 h after the injection, rat pups from groups (i) and (11) were exposed to unilateral carotid artery ligation, followed by 1 h of hypoxia (8% oxygen in 92% nitrogen) at 33 degrees C. Seven days after the insult, they were sacrificed and their brains removed for histological study. Neuronal damage was categorized as mild, < or =25%; moderate, 25-50%; and severe, > or =50% of surface area on a single section. RESULTS: Mortality rate during the experiment was significantly increased in the 1 mg/kg of LPS/HI group (12 of 31, 39%) compared with the saline/HI group (0%). No neuronal damage was observed in the LPS only group. However, when LPS was added to HI, neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was significantly increased in a dose-response manner. CONCLUSION: LPS potentiates hypoxic-ischemic insult in a dose-dependent fashion to cause brain damage in neonatal rats.
Animals↗
Revised Kubelka-Munk theory. I. Theory and application.
Using a statistical analysis of light propagation in media, we propose a revision to Kubelka-Munk (K-M) theory by taking into account the effect of scattering on the path length of light propagation (path variation). This leads to new relationships between the K-M scattering S and absorbing K coefficients and the intrinsic scattering s and absorbing a coefficients of a material that indicate that the S and K coefficients depend non-linearly on both a and s. The additivity law that bridges K-M S and K coefficients of a composite medium, such as dye-dispersed paper (dyed paper) and those of its material components (dye and paper), is also revised. It is further shown that experimental findings on dyed paper that the original K-M theory failed to explain can be clearly understood and accommodated by the new K-M theoretical framework (two-flux approach). Numerical simulations with the revised theory on model ink, paper, and dyed paper have been carried out.
Journal Article↗
Revised Kubelka-Munk theory. II. Unified framework for homogeneous and inhomogeneous optical media.
We extend the applicability of the recently revised Kubelka-Munk (K-M) theory to inhomogeneous optical media by treating inhomogeneous ink penetration of the substrate. We propose a method for describing light propagation in either homogeneous or inhomogeneous layers using series representations for the K-M scattering and absorption coefficients as well as for intensities of the upward and downward light streams. The conventional and matrix expressions for spectral reflectance and transmittance values of optically homogeneous media in the K-M theory are shown to be special cases of the present framework. Three types of ink distribution-homogeneous, linear, and exponential-have been studied. Simulations of spectral reflectance predict a depression of reflectance peaks and reduction of absorption bands characteristic of hue shifts and significant reduction of saturation and, in turn, color gamut.
Journal Article↗
Serum and lymphocyte levels of heat shock protein 70 in aging: a study in the normal Chinese population.
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) have been reported to play an important role in both physiological and pathological processes. Hsps also may serve as biomarkers for evaluating disease states and exposure to environmental stresses. Whether Hsp levels in serum and lymphocytes are correlated with age and sex is largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed serum Hsp70 (the most abundant mammalian Hsp) levels by using Western dot blot in 327 healthy male donors aged between 15 and 50 years. We also investigated the association between Hsp70 levels and age in lymphocytes of 80 normal individuals aged between 40 and 77 years because various chronic diseases increase after the age of 40 years. Our data showed that serum Hsp70 levels were positively correlated with age in subjects aged between 15 and 30 years (P < 0.05) but negatively correlated with age in subjects aged between 30 and 50 years (P < 0.05). Serum Hsp70 levels were the highest in individuals aged between 25 and 30 years among all age groups. In the lymphocyte study there also was a significant age-related decrease in Hsp70 levels in lymphocytes of individuals older than 40 years. The Hsp70 levels were negatively correlated with age (r = -3.708, P < 0.0001) but not with sex (r = -10.536, P = 0.452). This suggests that both serum and lymphocyte Hsp70 levels are age-related and that these may be linked to age-related stress. Thus, age is an important factor in using serum and lymphocyte Hsp70 as biomarkers to evaluate the disease states or exposure to environmental stresses (or both).
Adolescent↗
[Effects of granules for nourishing kidney and strengthening brain on main symptoms of kidney-yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and hemorrheological characteristics of brain atrophy].
OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of granules for nourishing kidney and strengthening brain (GNKSB) on main symptoms of kidney-yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and the hemorrheological characteristics of brain atrophy patients. METHODS: Ninety patients of brain atrophy with kidney-yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into two groups. Sixty cases in treatment group were treated with GNKSB, and the 30 cases in control group were treated with piracetam for 8 weeks. RESULTS: The effective rate of treatment group was 73.3%, with significant difference as compared with 46.6% of the control group (P<0.01). The scores of symptom-assessment of the two groups were also significantly different (P<0.01). The mini-mental state examination of treatment group was obviously improved, and was significantly different as compared with the control group (P<0.01). The scores of Hasegawa's dementia scale and activities of daily living were increased, but without significant difference as compared with the control group. The platelet aggregation rate was improved, with significant difference as compared with the control group (P<0.05). The whole blood viscosity was also improved obviously, but without significant difference as compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: GNKSB is effective for kidney-yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome of brain atrophy patients and can improve their mental state and the hemorrheological indexes.
Aged↗
[Conditions of contrast ultrasound that affect the proliferation of rat smooth muscle cells].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of an echo-contrast agent on the proliferation of rat smooth muscle cells under different ultrasound conditions. METHODS: The vascular smooth muscle cells of rats were cultured with echo-contrast agent in 96-well plates, followed by exposure to ultrasound of different conditions. Trypan blue staining was performed 48 h later, and the proliferation of the cells observed by MTT assay. RESULTS: No cytotoxicity was found by trypan blue staining when the mechanical index of ultrasound was below 0.75. Compared with the control cells, the proliferation of the smooth muscle cells was decreased following the exposure as the mechanical index of ultrasound increased. The most obvious inhibition of cell proliferation was resulted when the microbubble concentration was 20% for a 60-second exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibition of the vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by echo-contrast agent destruction is correlated with the mechanical index of the ultrasound, concentration of the echo-contrast agent, and exposure time of ultrasound.
Animals↗
5-Aza-2'-deoxycitydine induces demethylation and up-regulates transcription of p16INK4A gene in human gastric cancer cell lines.
BACKGROUND: To investigate the effects of DNA methylation on the expression of tumor-associated genes and the cell cycle in human gastric cancer cells. METHODS: Two gastric cancer cell lines (MKN-45 and HGC-27) were treated with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). The expressions of p16INK4A, p21WAF1, p53, p73, c-Ha-ras and c-myc genes mRNA were detected by using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). DNA methylation status of p16INK4A gene promoter was assayed by bisulfite modification and sequencing. The cell cycle was analyzed by using flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS: 5-aza-dC induced the demethylation of p16INK4A gene promoter. The expression of p16INK4A mRNA was obviously up-regulated by treatment with 10 micro mol/L (MKN-45 cells) or 5 micro mol/L (HGC-27 cells) of 5-aza-dC for 24 hours. However, 5-aza-dC treatment failed to regulate the expressions of p21WAF1, p53, p73, c-Ha-ras and c-myc genes in MKN-45 and HGC-27 cells. Furthermore, 5-aza-dC induced the cell cycle arrest in G1 phase in HGC-27 cell, but not in MKN-45 cell. CONCLUSIONS: DNA methylation regulates the transcription of p16INK4A but not p21WAF1 and proto-oncogenes in human gastric cancer cell lines MKN-45 and HGC-27.
Azacitidine↗
[Inhibition of malignant ascites with endostatin adenoviral vector].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutical effect of endostatin adenoviral vector on malignant ascites and compare it with the combined effect of ad-endostatin and DDP. METHODS: We transfected SKOV3 cells with ad-endostatin to inhibit human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) proliferation. Then we administered ad-endostatin intraperitoneally in BALB/c mice to detect the serum endostatin expression and in the mice with malignant ascites to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS: Recombinant endostatin inhibited HUVEC proliferation. Endostatin was expressed in serum after intraperitoneal injection of ad-endostatin. The effects of endostatin on inhibition of the ascites accumulation and peritoneal capillary permeability, on demotion of VEGF protein level and microvascular density in tumor tissues, on reduction of the number of red cells and tumor cells counted in malignant ascites, and on prolongation of mice survival were significant in two different malignant ascites. Furthermore, the combination of ad-endostatin with DDP increased the therapeutic efficacy. CONCLUSION: These data suggested that endostatin gene therapy may represent a potential new treatment for malignant ascites, and the therapeutic efficacy can be enhanced by a combination of ad-endostatin with chemotherapy.
Adenoviridae↗
[Construction of recombinant adenovirus for the angiogenic inhibitor, vasostatin, and its expression in vitro].
OBJECTIVE: To construct a recombinant replication-deficient adenovirus for the angiogenic inhibitor, vasostatin and assay its expression in vitro. METHODS: The cDNA for vasostatin was got by PCR amplification, then it was cloned into T vector and confirmed by enzymatic analysis and direct sequencing. Subsequently the cDNA was subcloned into the shuttle plasmid, and co-transformed into 293 cells with backbone plasmid. The resulting recombinant andenovirus was confirmed by PCR and western blot. The activity was assayed by inhibition of HUVEC growth. RESULTS: The PCR product was about 590 bp in length, and sequencing result was identical to that reported. The construction of recombinant replication-deficient adenovirus was confirmed by PCR. Western blot analysis showed the expression of vasostatin in vitro. The supernatant from transduced HeLa cells inhibited the growth of HUVEC specifically. CONCLUSION: The recombinant adenovirus for vasostatin efficiently mediated the expression of the protein in vitro.
Adenoviridae↗
Real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography and its applications in evaluation for coronary artery disease.
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Contrast Media↗
Different roles of PKC and PKA in effect of interferon-gamma on proliferation and collagen synthesis of fibroblasts.
AIM: To study the signal roles of protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase A (PKA) in the influence of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on proliferation and collagen synthesis of fibroblasts derived from hypertrophic scar (HS-FB) and normal skin (NS-FB). METHODS: HS-FB and NS-FB were cultured and passaged in Dulbecco modified Eagles medium (DMEM). Activity of PKC and PKA were assayed by transferring phosphorus (32P) into substrate after treatment with IFN-gamma 1000 kU/L at 10, 30, 60, and 120 min. Cell proliferation was determined with MTT assay. The collagen synthesis was measured with [3H]proline incorporation and Type III pre-collagen was determined with radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: After exposure to IFN-gamma 1000 kU/L for 30 min, PKC activity of HS-FB and NS-FB increased from 2.57 +/- 0.14 and 2.13 +/- 0.12 nmol x min(-1) x g(-1) of control to 3.75 +/- 0.19 and 3.36 +/- 0.16 nmol x min(-1) x g(-1), respectively (P < 0.05). After exposure to IFN-gamma 1000 kU/L for 60 and 120 min, PKA activities of HS-FB increased gradually from 0.82 +/- 0.04 nmol x min(-1) x g(-1) of control to 1.03 +/- 0.05 and 1.23 +/- 0.06 nmol x min(-1) x g(-1), respectively (P<0.05). The PKA activities of NS-FB also increased from 0.52 +/- 0.03 nmol x min(-1) x g(-1) of control to 0.68 +/- 0.03 and 0.89 +/- 0.05 nmol x min(-1) x g(-1), respectively (P<0.05). The proliferation and collagen synthesis were enhanced by PKC activator (containing phosphatidylserine, diacylglycerol and Ca2+) and PKA inhibitor [H(7)250 micromol/L, 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methyl piperazine], and inhibited by PKC inhibitor (GF109 250 micromol/L) and PKA activator (cAMP 25 micromol/L) (P<0.01). GF109 abrogated increased proliferation and collagen synthesis by IFN-gamma but it did not affect the inhibitory effects of IFN-gamma. At 120 min H7 reversed the inhibitory functions of IFN-gamma. CONCLUSION: IFN-gamma transiently increased proliferation and collagen synthesis of HS-FB and NS-FB by activation of PKC and subsequently inhibited proliferation and collagen synthesis by activation of PKA.
Cell Proliferation↗
[Biodistribution and hepatocytes targeting of cationic liposomes surface-modified with sterylglucoside and golyethylene glycol].
AIM: To investigate the biodistribution and the hepatocytes targeting of cationic liposome containing 3beta[N-( N',N'-dimethylaminoethane) carbamoyl] cholesterol (DC-Chol) and surface-modified liposomes with sterylglucoside (SG) and polyethylene glycol-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-DSPE). METHODS: Cationic liposomes (CL) composed of DC-Chol and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), SG/PEG modified cationic liposome (SG/PEG-CL), both contained trace 3H-cholesterol (3H-Chol) as radiolabel, were prepared. The liposomes encapsulating 125I-labled antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (125I-asODN) (SG/PEG-CL-asODN) were also prepared. The biodistribution of CL, SG/PEG-CL, SG/PEG-C2-asODN as well as 125I-asODN solution, were studied. The radioactivities in hepatocytes and non-hepatocytes after administration of CL and SG/PEG-CL were determined by infuseing method. RESULTS: CL and SG/PEG CL significantly aggregated in liver. The distribution of SG/PEG CL was significantly higher in hepatocytes (P < 0.01) and lower in non-hepatocytes (P < 0.01) than that of CL. The concentrations of SG/PEG-CL-asODN in liver and spleen were significantly higher than that of asODN solution (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Cationic liposome modified with SG/PEG changed the distribution of asODN. Cationic liposome can target hepatocytes more effective after being modified with SG.
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine↗
[Expression of estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) gene and bridging integrator protein-1 (BIN1) gene and their significance in breast tissues].
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) is an enzyme which metabolizes estrogen into inactive estrogen sulphate. Bridging integrator protein-1 (BIN1) is a novel c-myc-interacting protein with the features of tumor suppressor. EST and BIN1 may be protective in tumorigenesis. This study was to detect the gene expression of EST and BIN1 in breast cancer tissues,and further investigate the carcinogenesis mechanism of breast cancer. METHODS: The mRNA levels of EST and BIN1 in 12 specimens of normal human breast tissue, and 24 specimens of breast cancer were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: EST mRNA and BIN1 mRNA were expressed in all normal human breast tissues, while EST mRNA was decreased in 75.0% (18/24), and lost in 25.0% (6/24) breast cancer specimens; BIN1 mRNA was decreased in 25.0%(16/24), and lost in 66.7.0% (16/24) breast cancer specimens. CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of EST mRNA and BIN1 mRNA may play an important role in the molecular mechanisms of breast carcinogenesis.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
[Treatment effects with expansion and multiloop edgewise arch wire technique on skeletal class III malocclusion with mandibular deviation].
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the methods of treatment on Class III malocclusion with mandibular deviations, and clarify the principles of expansion and multiloop edgewise arch wire technique. METHODS: 8 skeletal class III with mandibular deviations patients were selected (male 3, female 5, aged 12-18). They were all corrected with maxillary expansion and multiloop edgewise arch wire technique. RESULTS: In all cases, molar relationships were class I, the overbite and the overjet were normal, and the upper and lower midline were harmony. CONCLUSION: Mild and moderate skeletal class III with mandibular deviation can be corrected successfully by maxillary expansion and multiloop edgewise arch wire technique.
Adolescent↗
[Effects of phytoestrogen alpha-zearalanol on normal human breast].
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of phytoestrogen alpha-zearalanol (alpha-ZAL) on normal human breast. METHODS: Ten specimens of normal human breast tissues were subcutaneously implanted into 30 athymic nude mice aged 9-10 weeks, one for 3 mice. These mice were then randomly divided into three groups: control group (without hormone treatment, n = 10), 1 mg/kg alpha-ZAL group (n = 10), and 5 mg/kg alpha-ZAL group (n = 10). All breast tissues were taken out 6 weeks later. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the protein expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), inhibiting apoptosis gene Bcl-2, estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the expression levels of estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) mRNA and bridging integrator protein-1 (BIN1) mRNA. Morphological features of grafts before and after treatment were also observed. RESULTS: Alpha-ZAL had no significant effects on Bcl-2, PCNA, ER, and PR expression of mammary epithelial cells in graft specimens. Alpha-ZAL upregulated BIN1 mRNA expression in grafts, but had no significant effect on ESTmRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: Alpha-ZAL does not affect the morphology, proliferating, and apoptosis of epithelial cells in normal human breast tissues implanted into nude mice, but it may increase the gene expression of tumor-inhibiting BIN1, suggesting that alpha-ZAL may have potential proteotive effect on normal human breast.
Adult↗