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Lian Ma

Publications and source records attributed to Lian Ma.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The Pittsburgh Oral-Facial Cleft study: expanding the cleft phenotype. Background and justification.

The Pittsburgh Oral-Facial Cleft study was begun in 1993 with the primary goal of identifying genes involved in nonsyndromic orofacial clefts in a variety of populations worldwide. Based on the results from a number of pilot studies and preliminary genetic analyses, a new research focus was added to the Pittsburgh Oral-Facial Cleft study in 1999: to elucidate the role that associated phenotypic features play in the familial transmission patterns of orofacial clefts in order to expand the definition of the nonsyndromic cleft phenotype. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of phenotypic features associated with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts. These features include fluctuating and directional asymmetry, non-right-handedness, dermatoglyphic patterns, craniofacial morphology, orbicularis oris muscle defects, dental anomalies, structural brain and vertebral anomalies, minor physical anomalies, and velopharyngeal incompetence.

Brain↗
PubMed2006

[Biological characteristics of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiation into neurocyte-like cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the isolation and expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly and their biological identities, and explore the possibility of inducing human umbilical cord-derived MSCs to differentiate into neurocyte-like cells. METHODS: The growth and proliferative abilities of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs were observed, and their immunophenotypes were determined by flow cytometry. Salvia miltiorrhiza and beta-sulfhydryl alcohol were adopted to induce the cells to differentiate. The differentiated and undifferentiated cells were identified with immunocytochemistry. The pleiotrophin and nestin genes were measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS: A population of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs were isolated from human umbilical Wharton's jelly; they were processed to obtain a fibroblast-like population of cells and could be maintained in vitro for extended periods with stable population doubling, and they were expanded as undifferentiated cells in culture for more than 10 passages, indicating their proliferative capacity. The human umbilical cord-derived MSCs were positive for CD(29), CD(44), CD(59), CD(105), but negative or weakly expressed the markers of hematopoietic cells such as CD(14), CD(33), CD(34), CD(28), CD(45) and CD(117). The important GVHD correlation markers were negative or weakly expressed, including CD(80) (B7-1), CD(86) (B7-2), CD(40) and CD(40L). Salvia miltiorrhiza beta-sulfhydryl alcohol could induce the MSCs to express nestin, a marker of neuronal precursor stem cells at early stage of differentiation. Later, they exhibited neural phenotypes, expressing beta-tubulin III and neurofilament (NF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). It was confirmed by RT-PCR that the MSCs could express pleiotrophin either before or after the induction of salvia miltiorrhiza, furthermore, after the induction the expression was markedly enhanced and the nestin gene was also expressed. CONCLUSION: The human MSCs could be isolated from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly, and it was easy to propagate these MSCs. The negative GVHD correlated markers might result from the fact that MSCs had no HLA barrier, which may suggest potential clinical significance. The MSCs are capable of differentiating into neurocyte-like cells and they may represent an alternative stem cell source for CNS cells transplantation.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed2006

Bone marrow stromal cells express neural phenotypes in vitro and migrate in brain after transplantation in vivo.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) into neuron-like cells and to explore their potential use for neural transplantation. METHODS: BMSC from rats and adult humans were cultured in serum-containing media. Salvia miltiorrhiza was used to induce human BMSC (hBMSC) to differentiate. BMSC were identified with immunocytochemistry. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine mRNA expression of neurofilamentl (NF1), nestin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in rat BMSC (rBMSC). Rat BMSC labelled by Hoschst33258 were transplanted into striatum of rats to trace migration and distribution. RESULTS: rBMSC expressed NSE, NF1 and nestin mRNA, and NF1 mRNA and expression was increased with induction of Salvia miltiorrhiza. A small number of hBMSC were stained by anti-nestin, anti-GFAP and anti-S100. Salvia miltiorrhiza could induce hBMSC to differentiate into neuron-like cells. Some differentiated neuron-like cells, that expressed NSE, beta-tubulin and NF-200, showed typical neuron morphology, but some neuron-like cells also expressed alpha smooth muscle protein, making their neuron identification complicated. rBMSC could migrate and adapted in the host brains after being transplanted. CONCLUSION: Bone marrow stromal cells could express phenotypes of neurons, and Salvia miltiorrhiza could induce hBMSC to differentiate into neuron-like cells. If BMSC could be converted into neurons instead of mesenchymal derivatives, they would be an abundant and accessible cellular source to treat a variety of neurological diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Human umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into nerve-like cells.

BACKGROUND: The two most basic properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the capacities to self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into multiple cells and tissue types. The cells from human umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly have properties of MSCs and represent a rich source of primitive cells. This study was conducted to explore the possibility of inducing human umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly-derived MSCs to differentiate into nerve-like cells. METHODS: MSCs were cultured from the Wharton's Jelly taken from human umbilical cord of babies delivered after full-term normal labor. Salvia miltiorrhiza and beta-mercaptoethanol were used to induce the human umbilical cord-derived MSCs to differentiate. The expression of neural protein markers was shown by immunocytochemistry. The induction process was monitored by phase contrast microscopy, electron microscopy (EM), and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The pleiotrophin and nestin genes were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: MSCs in the Wharton's Jelly were easily attainable and could be maintained and expanded in culture. They were positive for markers of MSCs, but negative for markers of hematopoietic cells and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-related cells. Treatment with Salvia miltiorrhiza caused Wharton's Jelly cells to undergo profound morphological changes. The induced MSCs developed rounded cell bodies with multiple neurite-like extensions. Eventually they developed processes that formed networks reminiscent of primary cultures of neurons. Salvia miltiorrhiza and beta-mercaptoethanol also induced MSCs to express nestin, beta-tubulinIII, neurofilament (NF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). It was confirmed by RT-PCR that MSCs could express pleiotrophin both before and after induction by Salvia miltiorrhiza. The expression was markedly enhanced after induction and the nestin gene was also expressed. CONCLUSIONS: MSCs could be isolated from human umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly. They were capable of differentiating into nerve-like cells using Salvia miltiorrhiza or beta-mercaptoethanol. The induced MSCs not only underwent morphologic changes, but also expressed the neuron-related genes and neuronal cell markers. They may represent an alternative source of stem cells for central nervous system cell transplantation.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed2005

Bone regeneration in the hard palate after cleft palate surgery.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to observe bony healing in the hard palate after cleft palate repair and to discuss the factors affecting it. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with repaired cleft palate were examined at least 1 year postoperatively by means of computed tomographic scanning. The incidence of bone regeneration automatically after repair was calculated, and the region of bone formation and the quality of bone tissue were measured according to the scanned image. RESULTS: The formation of a bone bridge was found in 37 of 52 patients (71 percent). The length of regenerated bone tissue (in the anteroposterior direction) ranged from 2 to 20 mm, with an average length of 8.3 mm. The male-to-female ratio of the patients who had a bone bridge was 1:1. There was no obvious difference between the two different cleft types. Considering the relationship of age at operation and bone formation, the most popular age at which bone bridging occurred was 4 to 7 years, and the location in the hard palate with the highest percentage of bone formation was the area between the premolar and anterior part of the molar. CONCLUSIONS: Regenerated bone tissue can occur after palatal repair in cleft palate patients. The age at operation could be an important factor affecting regeneration of bone tissue. The authors were not able to find a significant effect of sex or clinical type of cleft palate based on the sample size in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Clinical features of cleft palate with micrognathia and the risk of early palatoplasty].

This review focus on the characters of patients with cleft palate and micrognathia, the pathologic and physiological changes of this malformation and their influence on the patients, the risk factors of cleft palate repair, the indication and the outcome of palatoplasty. It is aimed to give a guideline for the optimal timing of cleft palate repair and the reduction of the risk factors,for these unique patients.

Cleft Palate↗
PubMed2004

[The effect of pre-surgical orthodontics on secondary alveolar bone grafting in the patients with complete cleft lip and palate].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of pre-surgical orthodontics on the outcome of the secondary alveolar bone grafting in the patients with complete cleft lip and palate. METHODS: Sixteen complete cleft lip and palate patients (9 males and 7 females) with collapsed upper arch or severe mal-positioned upper incisors were selected. The cleft was not easily grafted because of the poor access. The total cleft sites were 22 (10 patients with UCLP and 6 patients with BCLP). The age range of the patients was from 8 to 22 years. Pre-surgical orthodontic treatment was mainly to expand the collapsed upper arch and correct the mal-positioned upper incisors. After the secondary alveolar bone grafting, the patients were followed up and anterior occlusal radiograph/intraoral panograph were taken regularly. The observation period was from 6 months to 4 years. Bergland criteria were used to evaluate the interdental septal height. RESULTS: Upper arch expansion and the correction of the mal-positioned upper incisors done by the orthodontic treatment made the bone grafting procedure easier. The clinically successful rate reached 86%. CONCLUSION: The severe upper arch collapse and mal-positioned upper incisors in the patients with complete cleft lip and palate should be corrected orthodontically before the secondary alveolar bone grafting.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2004

[Effect of ventilation tube insertion on otitis media with effusion in cleft palate children].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of eardrum tubing in the repair of cleft palate on alleviating the otitis media with effusion (OME) and hearing loss in cleft palate patients. METHODS: Nineteen ears of 19 cleft palate children with OME and hearing loss were treated with the ventilation tube insertion in the repair of the cleft palates, while the untreated opposite ears were selected as the control group. All patients were followed up from 2 weeks to 18 months postoperatively and their middle ear condition and hearing thresholds were reevaluated by otoscopy and pure-tone audiometry. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the incidences of hearing loss between pre and postoperative patients in treated ears, and there are no differences in the untreated ears. Postoperative hearing thresholds become lower than that before the operation and no serious complications were found in the treated ears. CONCLUSIONS: The ventilation tube insertion in medial ear is safe and effective to restore the hearing impaired by OME in the cleft palate patients. It can be used as a regular management for OME and hearing loss in cleft palate children.

Child↗
PubMed2004

[Perioperative risk factors evaluation of cleft palate repair in Pierre Robin sequence at early age].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the perioperative risk factors of the cleft palate repair in Pierre Robin sequence patients at early age and to investigate how to control the risk factors. METHODS: Six consecutive patients with Pierre Robin sequence underwent primary repair of cleft palate in Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School of Stomatology from June 2001 to February 2004. The patients underwent von Longenbeck operation by the same perioperative observation of serum oxygen saturation were obtained for these patients. patients included 4 males and 2 females with age of 9 months to 5 surgeon. Pre- and post-operative polysomnographic studies and years. RESULTS: All the patients suffered various degree of hypoxaemia during the period of intubation. There was only one patient who had hypoxaemia within the first 2 hours during postanaesthetic recovery period. No obvious difference was found in apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) among the patients before and after operation. CONCLUSIONS: Severe hypoxaemia may happen in perioperative period when the patients with PRS underwent cleft palate repair. Most patients with PRS could undergo cleft palate repair safely performed by experienced surgeon at early age under comprehensive consideration and careful control of the risk factors.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical study on velopharyngeal function after maxillary advancement].

OBJECTIVE: To explore possible alterations in velopharyngeal function after maxillary advancement. METHODS: Ten patients (3 secondary deformity of cleft palate, 7 maxillary retrusion) had maxillary advancement surgery. Pre- and post-operative examinations consisted of lateral cephalometric radiography, nasopharyngoscopy and speech recording. RESULTS: There was no significant changes on speech or velopharyngeal competence after maxillary advancement. Cleft palate patients appeared slight hypernasality and nasal emission. CONCLUSIONS: Good velopharyngeal function pre-operation is not affected after the surgery of maxillary advancement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[A study of lateral skull radiography of patients with submucous cleft palate].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the insertion position of the levator veli palatini in the soft palate with SMCP comparing normal group and find out reliance diagnosis methods for SMCP. METHODS: Experimental group: lateral skull radiography film were taken in 50 patients with SMCP at rest and "i" phonation. Five parameters were measured which are relative length of soft palate and hard palate; levatorveli palatini insertion in the soft palate; elongation and angle of soft palate when lifting up on phonation. CONTROL GROUP: Ten sets (rest and pronouncing "i") of lateral skull radiography were used as control group. X-rays were taken for ten normal subjects without speech disorder or other abnormal physical situations. All data were subjected to the t-test of statistical significance. RESULTS: The difference of measures between patients with SMCP and normal control was significant (P <or= 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was obvious that both absolute and relative length of soft palate are short and levator muscle insert into soft palate arterially in patients with SMCP comparing with normal group, which caused VPI and become one of the criterias for SMCP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[The influence of the osteogenesis in cleft palate after palatal surgery to the transverse growth of dental occlusion].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the transverse growth of the dental cast following palatal surgery with or without osteogenesis in palatal gap. METHODS: 31 patients at 13 - 28 years old with repaired palate were selected to take the dental cast, the width of the dental arch, alveolar base and the matching degree between arches were measured and the average was calculated. After the length of the bone bridge in palate was measured through CT scan, the relationship between the osteogenesis in palatal gap and the transfers growth of dental cast was studied. RESULTS: The critical length of the bone regeneration in palatal gap to affect the dental growth is 4 mm, mean while the sufficient length is 8 mm. The group of sufficient bone bridge has a better development in both the width of dental alveolar base and that of dental arch and the matching degree than the group of unsurficience. And this intendance was more obvious in premolar region than in molar region. CONCLUSIONS: The osteogenesis in palatal gap following palatal surgery can strongly support the transfers growth in the width of dental arch, the width of alveolar base and the matching degree between upper and lower dental arch.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Bone regeneration on hard palate after palatal surgery on cleft palate and the relative factors].

OBJECTIVE: Attending to observe the bony healing on hard palate after palatal repair, and to discuss the factors affecting on it. METHODS: 52 patients with repaired cleft palate over 5 years postoperatively were examined, the CT scan of head was taken. The incidence of the bone regeneration among the patients examined was calculated, the position and quality of bone tissue were measured according to the CT images. After all, analysis was applied to evaluate the factors affecting on the bone tissue formation. RESULTS: Formation of bone bridge was found in the 37 cleft gaps out of 52 patients (71%), the ratio of the sex among the patients who had bone bridge was 1:1, there was no obvious difference between unilateral and bilateral cleft palate. Considering the operation age with the bone formation, the highest percentage of bone bridge formation fell into the group of 4-7 years old, and the most occurring region were in premolar and anterior part of molar area. CONCLUSION: There could be bony healing(regeneration bone tissue RBT) after palatal repair on cleft palate patients. The operation age could be an important affecting factor to RBT, but the sex and the clinical type of cleft palate make no difference on the bone tissue formation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

[Speech outcomes in patients of maxillary reconstruction with free fibula composite flap].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate speech outcomes in patients of maxillary reconstruction with free fibula composite flap. METHODS: Speech measurements of 20 patients of maxillary reconstruction with free fibula composite flap were collected. Palatopharyngeal valve, the symmetry and movement of soft palate, hypernasality and nasal emission were examined by nasoendoscopy. At the same time the speech intelligibility was measured. RESULTS: No palatopharyngeal valve insufficiency was found and all the soft palates had good symmetry and movement. The average speech intelligibility was 98.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Free fibula composite flap can reconstruct the phonatory structure and support the function of soft palate, which can restorate speech function well. It is a good choice for maxillary reconstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

A pilot study of the effects of transpalatal maxillary advancement on velopharyngeal closure in cleft palate patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Impaired velopharyngeal closure function is sometimes a complication of a standard Le Fort I maxillary advancement in cleft palate patients. The transpalatal Le Fort I osteotomy has been suggested as an alternative technique that may avoid this problem. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the effects of the transpalatal approach on velopharyngeal function in a series of cleft palate patients. PATIENTS: Sixteen consecutive patients with a history of cleft palate exhibiting maxillary hypoplasia who underwent a transpalatal Le Fort I osteotomy. METHODS: All patients had a simultaneous audio/video speech recording and nasopharyngoscopy examination prior to maxillary advancement, followed by a repeat of the same examinations at least 1 year post-operatively. Velopharyngeal function was measured in two ways: by direct observation using nasopharyngoscopy, and indirectly by means of perceptual assessment. Reliability studies of the two measures were performed with satisfactory results. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between the pre- and post-operative data in either the perceptual speech assessment or nasopharyngoscopy examination. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that maxillary advancement by transpalatal Le Fort I osteotomy does not adversely affect velopharyngeal closure function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The phonological characteristics and correction of glottal stop after cleft palate surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the phonological characteristics of glottal stop on the patients with speech disorders following cleft palate surgery or pharyngoplasty, and to determine the effects of a new method of speech training for glottal stop in chinese. METHODS: Using the methods of listening judge and sound spectrograph in acoustic analyses to investigate the category and frequency of glottal stop on consonants in Chinese. A new method of speech therapy was used for 12 patients with glottal stop. RESULTS: The frequency of glottal stop on the unaspirating affricates and unaspirating plosives were the highest in Chinese consonants. Secondly, the aspirating affricates and aspirating plosives, and then, the fricatives, but the nasal consonants were not effected by glottal stop completely. The score of articulations of the 12 patients whom trained through the methods increased from 32% to 85.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The glottal stop is one of the main causes to impair the articulations of consonants and speech. The new methods of speech training for glottal stp are effective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The comparison of two-dimensional and three-dimensional methods in the evaluation of the secondary alveolar bone grafting.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the agreement between two-dimensional radiograph and three-dimensional CT in the evaluation of the secondary alveolar bone grafting. METHODS: Nine complete cleft lip and palate patients (8 UCLP, 1 BCLP) at least 6 months post secondary alveolar bone grafting were selected. The mean age of the patients was 15.5 years with a range of 12 to 26 years. Occlusal radiographs were taken and the interdental septal height was determined using Bergland criteria. There were 2 type I sites, 2 type II sites, 5 type III sites and 1 type IV site. All the patients had undergone CT scan of the cleft within two months after the radiograph was taken. The plane of scan was parallel to the occlusal plane. Cuts of 2 mm were taken from the infraorbital rim to the gingival third of the crown of the teeth. Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed. RESULTS: The interdental septal height on the occlusal radiograph was conformed by the CT scan. Labial and palatal notch was found on CT scan at two grafting sides. CONCLUSIONS: The study provided some evidence to support the continued cautious use of anterior occlusal radiograph in the evaluation of bone-graft success before the orthodontic treatment. When the X-ray examination is not in line with the clinical examination, CT scan is indicated.

Adolescent↗