Biomedical subjects

Linda Moore

Publications and source records attributed to Linda Moore.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Ultraviolet (UV) transmittance characteristics of daily disposable and silicone hydrogel contact lenses.

The ultraviolet (UV) transmittance spectra of daily wear hydrogel and disposable silicone hydrogel contact lenses were measured. Average transmittance percentages were calculated for each lens for the entire UV spectrum and individually for the UVC, UVB and UVA portions of the spectrum. The significance of the differences in transmittance spectra obtained for the lenses was analysed using a one-way ANOVA planned comparisons test (alpha=0.05). The transmittance data were then used to calculate a UV protection factor (PF) for each contact lens brand tested. The PFs for 1-DAY ACUVUE MOIST (6.22), ACUVUE ADVANCE (10.02) and ACUVUE OASYS (11.96) contact lenses show that these contact lenses have superior UV-blocking capabilities. The PFs for Focus DAILIES (1.79), SofLens 1-day disposables (1.72), NIGHT & DAY (1.84), O2 Optix (1.99) and Purevision (2.62) show that these contact lenses posses more modest UV-blocking characteristics. This paper reviews the importance of protection of the anterior ocular surface from UV damage and quantifies the protection afforded by selected commercially available disposable contact lenses.

Absorption↗

PubMed2005

Nursing home residents with multiple sclerosis and dementia compared to other multiple sclerosis residents.

Cognitive impairment may be a significant symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting about one half of MS patients in study samples similar to the general MS population. An interesting question is what role dementia, of any aetiology, plays in the cognitive ability of people with MS. The objective of this research is to learn more about nursing home residents with MS and dementia, identifying how they differ from other residents with MS. We developed profiles of MS residents with dementia using the Minimum Data Set and compared these profiles to other residents with MS. Nursing home residents with MS and dementia are admitted to nursing facilities at an older age and seem less likely to have physical impairments but more mood and behaviour problems than other MS residents at admission. A cortical variant of MS may be more prevalent than previously suspected and may be a factor responsible leading to nursing home admission in this subgroup of patients. Further clinical analysis of this subgroup would be necessary to support this contention.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

X-ray crystal structure of the liver X receptor beta ligand binding domain: regulation by a histidine-tryptophan switch.

The x-ray crystal structures of the human liver X receptor beta ligand binding domain complexed to sterol and nonsterol agonists revealed a perpendicular histidinetryptophan switch that holds the receptor in its active conformation. Hydrogen bonding interactions with the ligand act to position the His-435 imidazole ring against the Trp-457 indole ring, allowing an electrostatic interaction that holds the AF2 helix in the active position. The neutral oxysterol 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol accepts a hydrogen bond from His-435 that positions the imidazole ring of the histidine above the pyrrole ring of the tryptophan. In contrast, the acidic T0901317 hydroxyl group makes a shorter hydrogen bond with His-435 that pulls the imidazole over the electron-rich benzene ring of the tryptophan, possibly strengthening the electrostatic interaction. Point mutagenesis of Trp-457 supports the observation that the ligand-histidine-tryptophan coupling is different between the two ligands. The lipophilic liver X receptor ligand-binding pocket is larger than the corresponding steroid hormone receptors, which allows T0901317 to adopt two distinct conformations. These results provide a molecular basis for liver X receptor activation by a wide range of endogenous neutral and acidic ligands.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗

PubMed2003

CYP3A induction by N-hydroxyformamide tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme/matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors use of a pregname X receptor activation assay and primary hepatocyte culture for assessing induction potential in humans.

A series of N-hydroxyformamide tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE)/matrix metalloprotease (MMP) inhibitors were evaluated for their potential to induce human cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A). Two in vitro assays were used: 1) a cell-based reporter gene assay for activation of the pregnane X receptor (PXR), and 2) a primary "sandwich" culture of human hepatocytes. Approximately 50 TACE/MMP inhibitors were evaluated in the human PXR assay. A range of PXR activation was observed, 0 to 150% of the activation of the known human CYP3A inducer rifampicin. Three TACE/MMP inhibitors were evaluated in rat and human hepatocytes. Significantly higher PXR activation/CYP3A induction was observed in PXR/hepatocyte models, respectively, for (2R,3S) 3-(formyl-hydroxyamino)-2-(2-methyl-1-propyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid [(1S,2S)-2-methyl-1-(2-pyridylcarbamoyl)-1-butyl]amide (GW3333) compared with (2R,3S)-6,6,6-trifluoro-3-[formyl(hydroxy)amino]-2-isobutyl-N-[(1S,2R)-2-methoxy-1-[(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)carbonyl]propyl]hexanamide (GW6495) and (2R)-N-[(1S)-2,2-dimethyl-1-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-propyl]-2-[(1S)-1-[formyl(hydroxy)amino]ethyl]-5-phenylpentanamide (GI4023). The CYP3A induction level achieved with GW3333 at a concentration of approximately 10 microM in human hepatocytes was comparable to that achieved with rifampicin at a concentration of 10 microM. The extent of rodent CYP3A induction caused by GW3333 was confirmed in vivo after daily oral administration for 14 days to rats. In conclusion, GW3333 is a potential inducer of CYP3A expression in vivo in humans, but other N-hydroxyformamides are less likely to induce CYP3A.

ADAM Proteins↗

PubMed2002

Comparative safety and immunogenicity of two yellow fever 17D vaccines (ARILVAX and YF-VAX) in a phase III multicenter, double-blind clinical trial.

Yellow fever (YF) is a significant health problem in South America and Africa. Travelers to these areas require immunization. The United States, infested with Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, is at risk of introduction of this disease. There is only a single U.S. manufacturer of YF 17D vaccine, and supplies may be insufficient in an emergency. A randomized, double-blind outpatient study was conducted in 1,440 healthy individuals, half of whom received the U.S. vaccine (YF-VAX) and half the vaccine manufactured in the United Kingdom (ARILVAX). A randomly selected subset of approximately 310 individuals in each treatment group was tested for YF neutralizing antibodies 30 days after vaccination. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of individuals who developed a log neutralization index (LNI) of 0.7 or higher. Seroconversion occurred in 98.6% of individuals in the ARILVAX group and 99.3% of those in the YF-VAX group. Statistically, ARILVAX was equivalent to YF-VAX (P = .001). Both vaccines elicited mean antibody responses well above the minimal level (LNI 0.7) protective against wild-type YF virus. The mean LNI in the YF-VAX group was higher (2.21) than in the ARILVAX group (2.06; P = .010) possibly because of the higher dose contained in YF-VAX. Male gender, Caucasian race, and smoking were associated with higher antibody responses. Both vaccines were well tolerated. Overall, the treatment groups were comparable with respect to safety except that individuals in the ARILVAX group experienced significantly less edema, inflammation, and pain at the injection site than those in the YF-VAX group. No serious adverse events were attributable to either vaccine. YF-VAX participants (71.9%) experienced one or more nonserious adverse events than ARILVAX individuals (65.3%; P = .008). The difference was due to a higher rate of injection site reactions in the YF-VAX group. Mild systemic reactions (headache, myalgia, malaise, asthenia) occurred in roughly 10% to 30% of participants during the first few days after vaccination, with no significant difference across treatment groups. Adverse events were less frequent in individuals with preexisting immunity to YF, indicating a relationship to virus replication.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

What Do Infants Really Eat?

This article compares the feeding practices of healthy infants reported by their mothers in studies spanning two decades. Nutrient intakes are largely adequate and feeding practices are changing to meet recommendations, but breast-feeding rates do not meet public health guidelines.

Journal Article↗