Biomedical subjects

Linda Pescatello

Publications and source records attributed to Linda Pescatello.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

The effect of apolipoprotein E genotype on serum lipoprotein particle response to exercise.

Exercise affects lipoprotein metabolism and apolipoprotein E (Apo E) genotype may alter changes in lipoprotein subclasses that occur with exercise. The present study examined the effects of Apo E genotype (APOE) on the response of lipoprotein subclass concentrations to long-term exercise. A prospective longitudinal study, conducted at seven centers, genetically screened 566 individuals to create three cohorts of healthy adults, equal for gender and the most common APOE variants: E2/3 (n = 35), E3/3 (n = 40), and E3/4 (n = 31). Subjects with body mass index (BMI) > or = 31 or evidence of dyslipidemia or metabolic disease were excluded. All subjects exercised aerobically at 75% of maximal heart rate for 40 min, four times weekly for 6 months. Fasting lipoprotein subpopulations were measured before and after exercise training using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Serum lipids for the entire cohort did not change with exercise training, but the LDL subpopulation response varied by APOE. Small-sized LDL particles decreased only in the APOE3 homozygotes whereas medium-sized LDL particles increased only in this group. These changes were directionally different from the responses in the E2/3 and E3/4 subjects (p < 0.05). Neither exercise nor APOE variant affected overall LDL or HDL size or cholesterol concentration, but exercise decreased VLDL diameter by 3.5 nm (p < 0.001) attributable to decreases in large VLDL in each APOE group. In conclusion, APOE variants influence the serum LDL subpopulation response to exercise training in normolipidemic subjects. Subjects homozygous for APOE3 experienced the most beneficial lipid effects from exercise training.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and adherence to aerobic exercise training.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has two common genetic variants: the insertion (I) and deletion (D) forms. ACE levels are greater in subjects with the D allele, and several studies suggest superior endurance performance in subjects with the I allele. The authors recently reported the results of a 6-month exercise training protocol examining the effect of apolipoprotein E on the lipid response. The present report examines the relationship of ACE genotype and exercise adherence. DNA samples were available for 110 subjects: 14 I/I, 52 I/D, and 44 D/D. Baseline and change in maximal oxygen uptake, body mass index, skinfold thickness, and serum lipids did not differ by ACE genotype, but adherence to exercise training was higher in I carriers than in D homozygotes. These preliminary results suggest that ACE genotype affects exercise adherence and raises the possibility that superior endurance capacity in subjects with the I allele is related to a genetic propensity to adhere to an exercise regimen.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Apolipoprotein A1 genotype affects the change in high density lipoprotein cholesterol subfractions with exercise training.

High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA1) is the major HDL-associated apolipoprotein. The -75G/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the apolipoprotein A1 gene (APOA1) promoter has been reported to be associated with HDL-C concentrations as well as HDL-C response to dietary changes in polyunsaturated fat intake. We examined the effect of this APOA1 SNP on exercise-induced changes in HDL subfraction distribution. From a cohort of healthy normolipidemic adults who volunteered for 6 months of supervised aerobic exercise, 75 subjects were genotyped for the -75G/A SNP. Of these, 53 subjects were G homozygotes (G/G) and 22 were A carriers (A/G and A/A). HDL subfractions were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy by adding categories HDL-C 1+2 for the small subfraction, and HDL-C 3+4+5 for the large. The change in total HDL-C after exercise was 0.8+/-7.2 mg/dL (+1.7%), and was not statistically significant. HDL subfraction amounts also did not significantly change with exercise training in the total cohort or in G homozygotes or A carriers. The amount of the large HDL subfraction increased in the G homozygotes and decreased in the A carriers (mean+/-S.E.M., 1.8+/-6.6 mg/dL versus -6.1+/-2.3 mg/dL, p<0.0005). In contrast, the amount of the small HDL subfraction decreased in G homozygotes and increased in A carriers (-1.3+/-6.6 mg/dL versus 4.7+/-1.2 mg/dL, p<0.005). These results show that genetic variation at the APOA1 gene promoter is associated with HDL subfraction redistribution resulting from exercise training.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Apolipoprotein E genotype and changes in serum lipids and maximal oxygen uptake with exercise training.

Physical activity improves lipid levels by altering triglyceride (TG) metabolism. Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) facilitates TG clearance by mediating lipoprotein binding to hepatic receptors, but Apo E also has less defined roles in skeletal muscle and nervous tissue. This study examined if variants in Apo E genotype affect the lipid and physiologic response to exercise training. Seven centers genetically screened 566 individuals to recruit 120 subjects into 6 gender-specific cohorts equal for the most common Apo E genotypes: E2/3, E3/3, and E3/4. Anthropometics, exercise capacity (Vo(2)max), serum lipids, and post heparin (PH) plasma lipase activities were measured before and after 6 months of supervised exercise training. Difference in the response (Delta) to training among the Apo E genotypes was the primary outcome variable. Differences in pretraining serum lipids among the Apo E genotypes mimicked those observed in population studies: TGs were slightly higher in E2/3 subjects, whereas low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (C) was lower (P = not significant [NS] ). TGs decreased 11% with training for the entire cohort (P <.0001) and 7%, 12%, and 14% for the Apo E 2/3, 3/3 and 3/4 groups, respectively (P = NS for Delta). LDL-C did not change in the entire cohort, but decreased slightly in the 2/3 and 3/3 subjects and increased 4% in the 3/4 group (P = NS for Delta). High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C increased 2% for the entire cohort (P =.06) due to a 6% increase in the 3/3 group (P =.07 for Delta). Total cholesterol (TC)/HDL and LDL/HDL decreased with training in the 2/3 and 3/3 groups, but increased in the 3/4 subjects and these responses differed among the genotypes (P <.05 for Delta). Vo(2)max increased 9% to 10% for the entire cohort, but only 5% in the 3/3 subjects versus 13% in the 2/3 and 3/4 groups and these differences were significantly different among the genotypes (P <.01 for Delta). This is the first prospective study to demonstrate that the serum lipid response to exercise training differs by Apo E genotype in a pattern consistent with known metabolic differences among the variants. Surprisingly, Apo E genotype also affected the increase in aerobic capacity produced by exercise training possibly via undefined effects on nerve and skeletal muscle function.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Functional polymorphisms associated with human muscle size and strength.

INTRODUCTION: Skeletal muscle is critically important to human performance and health, but little is known of the genetic factors influencing muscle size, strength, and its response to exercise training. The Functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) Associated with Muscle Size and Strength, or FAMuSS, Study is a multicenter, NIH-funded program to examine the influence of gene polymorphisms on skeletal muscle size and strength before and after resistance exercise training. METHODS: One thousand men and women, age 18 - 40 yr, will train their nondominant arm for 12 wk. Skeletal muscle size (magnetic resonance imaging) and isometric and dynamic strength will be measured before and after training. Individuals whose baseline values or response to training deviate > or = 1.5 SD will be defined as outliers and examined for genetic variants. Initially candidate genes previously associated with muscle performance will be examined, but the study will ultimately attempt to identify genes associated with muscle performance. CONCLUSION: FAMuSS should help identify genetic factors associated with muscle performance and the response to exercise training. Such insight should contribute to our ability to predict the individual response to exercise training but may also contribute to understanding better muscle physiology, to identifying individuals who are susceptible to muscle loss with environmental challenge, and to developing pharmacologic agents capable of preserving muscle size and function.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Grip strength norms for elderly women.

As part of community health screenings, the grip strength of 113 independently ambulatory women (M age=75.2 +/- 7.3 yr.) was measured. Norms derived from the measurements are presented and compared with (a) norms reported for similar procedures about 20 years ago and (b) values for disabled women.

Aged↗