Biomedical subjects

Ling Zhu

Publications and source records attributed to Ling Zhu.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2006

[The protective effects of ginsenoside RG1 and Rb1 against damage of HaCaT cells by ultraviolet B].

AIM: To investigate the survival rate and the level of HaCaT cells damage with ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation at various doses, and observe the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in vitro. METHODS: MTT assay was employed to analyze the cell survival rate after UVB radiation of 30, 60, 90 and 120 mJ x cm(-2). The damage of nucleolus and the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 were scanned by Hoechst 33258 staining and single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE). RESULTS: It was found that the cell survival rate decreased gradually and the damage of nucleolus aggravated as the radiation dose increased from 30 mJ x cm(-2) to 120 mJ x cm(-2). At the dose of 20 microg x mL(1-), obvious protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 can be observed against UVB radiation-induced HaCaT cells growth inhibition and nucleolus damage. CONCLUSION: UVB radiation inhibits HaCaT human keratinocytes growth and ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 can relief the damage.

Apoptosis↗

PubMed2006

[The value of thoracoscopy for diagnosis and management of refractory hepatic hydrothorax].

OBJECTIVE: To study the value of thoracoscopy for diagnosis and management of refractory hepatic hydrothorax (HH). METHODS: Twenty-six patients with refractory HH were enrolled in this study. Twenty-four of them underwent therapeutic thoracoscopy to achieve pleurodesis by application of talc poudrage. RESULTS: Nineteen of the 26 patients had dilated chest wall veins, 6 had dilated azygos veins, and 16 had diaphragm blebs. Of the 24 patients who received pleurodesis via thoracoscope, 14 cases showed complete response, and 8 showed partial response. Mild chest pain and temperature elevation were the most complaints during or after the procedure. Liver function abnormalities were the most serious side effects after pleurodesis. During the follow-up period ranging from 6 months to 3 years, 1 patient died of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and encephalopathy in 1 month, 3 patients died of hemorrhage in 6, 12, 18 months respectively, and 1 case experienced recurrence in 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: Defects in the diaphragm seemed to be the main cause for the development of HH. Pleurodesis achieved by thoracoscopy and talc poudrage was effective in the treatment of HH, but complications and impaired liver functions should be considered.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Changes in tight junctional resistance of the cervical epithelium are associated with modulation of content and phosphorylation of occludin 65-kilodalton and 50-kilodalton forms.

Treatment of human cervical epithelial CaSki cells with ATP or with the diacylglyceride sn-1,2-dioctanoyl diglyceride (diC8) induced a staurosporine-sensitive transient increase, followed by a late decrease, in tight-junctional resistance (R(TJ)). CaSki cells express two immunoreactive forms of occludin, 65 and 50 kDa. Treatments with ATP and diC8 decreased the density of the 65-kDa form and increased the density of the 50-kDa form. ATP also decreased threonine phosphorylation of the 65-kDa form and increased threonine phosphorylation of the 50-kDa form and tyrosine phosphorylation of the 65- and 50-kDa forms. Staurosporine decreased acutely threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation of the two isoforms and in cells pretreated with staurosporine ATP increased acutely the density of the 65-kDa form and threonine phosphorylation of the 65-kDa form. Treatment with N-acetyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-norleucinal increased the densities of the 65- and 50-kDa forms. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-norleucinal attenuated the late decreases in R(TJ) induced by ATP and diC8 and the decrease in the 65-kDa and increase in the 50-kDa forms induced by ATP. Correlation analyses showed that high levels of R(TJ) correlated with the 65-kDa form, whereas low levels of R(TJ) correlated negatively with the 65-kDa form and positively with the 50-kDa form. The results suggest that in CaSki cells 1) occludin determines gating of the tight junctions, 2) changes in occludin phosphorylation status and composition regulate the R(TJ), 3) protein kinase-C-mediated, threonine dephosphorylation of the 65-kDa occludin form increases the resistance of assembled tight junctions, 4) the early stage of tight junction disassembly involves calpain-mediated breakdown of occludin 65-kDa form to the 50-kDa form, and 5) increased levels of the 50-kDa form interfere with occludin gating of the tight junctions.

Cell Line, Tumor↗

PubMed2005

A PIN1 family gene, OsPIN1, involved in auxin-dependent adventitious root emergence and tillering in rice.

Auxin transport affects a variety of important growth and developmental processes in plants, including the regulation of shoot and root branching. The asymmetrical localization of auxin influx and efflux carriers within the plasma membrane establishes the auxin gradient and facilitates its transport. REH1, a rice EIR1 (Arabidopsis ethylene insensitive root 1)-like gene, is a putative auxin efflux carrier. Phylogenetic analysis of 32 members of the PIN family, taken from across different species, showed that in terms of evolutionary relationship, OsPIN1 is closer to the PIN1 family than to the PIN2 family. It is, therefore, renamed as OsPIN1 in this study. OsPIN1 was expressed in the vascular tissues and root primordial in a manner similar to AtPIN1. Adventitious root emergence and development were significantly inhibited in the OsPIN1 RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic plants, which was similar to the phenotype of NPA (N-1-naphthylphalamic acid, an auxin-transport inhibitor)-treated wild-type plants. alpha-naphthylacetic acid (alpha-NAA) treatment was able to rescue the mutated phenotypes occurring in the RNAi plants. Overexpression or suppression of the OsPIN1 expression through a transgenic approach resulted in changes of tiller numbers and shoot/root ratio. Taken together, these data suggest that OsPIN1 plays an important role in auxin-dependent adventitious root emergence and tillering.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2005

Characterization of ChpBK, an mRNA interferase from Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli contains a number of antitoxin-toxin modules on its chromosome, which are responsible for cell growth arrest and possible cell death. ChpBK is a toxin encoded by the ChpBIK antitoxin-toxin module. This module consists of a pair of genes, chpBI and chpBK encoding antitoxin ChpBI and toxin ChpBK, respectively. ChpBK consists of 116 amino acid residues, and its sequence shows 35% identity and 52% similarity to MazF, another E. coli toxin. MazF has been shown to be a sequence-specific (ACA) endoribonuclease that cleaves cellular mRNAs and effectively blocks protein synthesis and is thus termed as an mRNA interferase. Here we demonstrate that ChpBK is another mRNA interferase in E. coli whose induction effectively blocks cell growth in a manner similar to that of MazF. The protein synthesis as judged by incorporation of [35S]methionine was, however, reduced by only 60% upon ChpBK induction. We demonstrate that ChpBK is a new sequence-specific endoribonuclease that cleaves mRNAs both in vivo and in vitro at the 5'-or3'-side of the A residue in ACY sequences (Y is U, A, or G). The ChpBK cleavage of a synthetic RNA substrate generated a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate group at the 3'-end of the 5'-end product and a 5'-OH group at the 5'-end of the 3'-end product in a manner identical to that of MazF.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2005

Oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of adults in China.

OBJECTIVES: To describe oral health behaviour, illness behaviour, oral health knowledge and attitudes among 35-44 and 65-74-year-old Chinese; to analyse the oral health behaviour profile of the two age groups in relation to province and urbanisation, and to assess the relative effect of socio-behavioural risk factors on dental caries experience. METHODS: A total number of 4,398 35-44-year-olds and 4,399 65-74-year-olds were selected by multistage stratified cluster random sampling which involved 11 provinces in China. Data were collected by self-administered structured questionnaires and clinical examinations (WHO criteria). RESULTS: 32% of the 35-44-year-olds and 23% of the 65-74-year-olds brushed at least twice a day but only 5% used fluoridated toothpaste; 30% and 17% respectively performed 'Love-Teeth-Day' recommended methods of tooth brushing. A dental visit within the previous 12 months was reported by 25% of all participants and 6% had a dental check-up during the past two years. Nearly 15% of the subjects would visit a dentist if they experienced bleeding from gums; about 60% of the subjects paid no attention to signs of caries if there was no pain. Two thirds of the urban residents and one fifth of the rural participants had economic support for their dental treatment from a third party, either totally or partially. Significant variations in oral health practices were found according to urbanisation and province. At age 35-44 years 43% of participants had daily consumption of sweets against 28% at age 65-74 years. Dental caries experience was affected by urbanisation, gender, frequency, time spent on and method of tooth brushing. Knowledge of causes and prevention of dental diseases was low with somewhat negative attitudes to prevention observed. CONCLUSION: Systematic community-based oral health promotion should be strengthened and preventive-oriented oral health care systems are needed, including promotion of further self-care practices and the use of fluoridated toothpaste.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[The expression of hTERT and p53 protein in pre-malignant and malignant lesions of human oral mucosa].

PURPOSE: To investigate the roles of hTERT and p53 protein in malignant changes of oral mucosal precancerous lesions and the relations between hTERT and p53. METHODS: The expression of hTERTmRNA and p53 were measured using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical assay in 9 cases of oral mucosal hyperplasia, 11 cases of light dysplasia, 10 cases of medium dysplasia, 9 cases of carcinomas in situ and 11 cases of squamous cell carcinomas. The results were processed by medical photographic system, and analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA. The relation to hTERT and p53 was analyzed statistically by Pearson correlations. RESULTS: It was found that from hyperplasia to light dysplasia, medium dysplasia, carcinomas in situ and squamous cell carcinomas, the indexes of positive cell vessels and the value of OD increased, arriving at the apex in squamous cell carcinoma. With phenotypic progression and the degree of dysplasia, hTERT and p53 expression cells extend from basal layer to the keratinous layer. In highly-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, expression cells were mainly located around the nests. Stained cells dispersed throughout the tumor tissue in low-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. p53 was undetectable in hyperplasia and light dysplasia, but p53 was observed in 66.67% cases of high dysplasia and 72.72% cases of squamous cell carcinomas. There was not a significant linear correlation between hTERT and p53. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that activation of telomerase and p53 play a role in the process of malignant changes of oral mucosal precancerous lesions. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a disease that has been found in association with many factors.

Carcinoma in Situ↗

PubMed2005

[Relationship between the quantities of peripheral dendritic cells and of serum HBV DNA and the inflammatory reaction levels in the liver].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between the quantity of peripheral dendritic cell (DC) and of serum HBV DNA and the inflammatory level in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS: The myeloid DC (DC1) and plasmacytoid DC (DC2) in fresh peripheral blood were enumerated by using three-color flow cytometry in chronic hepatitis B patients and healthy donors. The hepatic inflammatory levels were evaluated by percutaneous liver biopsy. The serum HBV DNA levels were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS: CHB patients with serum HBV DNA < or = 10(6) copies/ml exhibited a significant increase in the percentage of circulating DC2 in comparison with those of CHB patients with serum HBV DNA > or = 10(6) and with healthy donors (P < 0.05). The two latter groups showed no significant differences between each other. There was also no significant difference in the relative quantity of peripheral blood DC1 among the three groups mentioned above (P = 0.162). No evidence was found to support that the relative quantity of peripheral blood DC2 was associated with the clinical severity of the disease or the inflammatory level in the liver (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The relative quantity of peripheral blood DC2 is associated with HBV DNA level. It is suggested that DC2 may play a pivotal role in inhibiting HBV replication in CHB patients. There was no relationship found between relative quantities of DCs and the inflammatory level in the liver.

DNA, Viral↗

PubMed2005

[In vivo micronuclei and gene mutation induced by DEN in the lacZ transgenic mouse].

OBJECTIVE: To assess mutagenicity of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) in vivo using the lacZ transgenic mouse (Muta Mouse). METHODS: LacZ gene was recovered through in vitro packing. Mutant frequencies (MFs) in the lacZ gene of liver, lung and bladder were examined after intraperitoneal treatment with DEN (25mg/kg per week x 4). Simultaneously, the clastogenicity of DEN was evaluated by the peripheral blood micronucleus assay. RESULTS: The mean frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes (MNRETs) did not increase by the treatment with DEN. The MFs increase above spontaneous levels were apparent in liver and lung, with respectively 6.13 - and 3.66 fold increase. The MF of lacZ of bladder was of the background level. CONCLUSION: Liver and lung are target organ of genotoxicity in vivo induced by DEN with different sensitivity.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Protective effect of zuogui pill on ovarian autoimmune injury].

OBJECTIVE: To probe the effect of Zuogui pill (ZGP), a Chinese compound recipe for tonifying Shen, on ovarian function in mice with premature ovarian failure (POF). METHODS: BALB/C female mice model of POF was established by multiple sites subcutaneous injection of ovarian antigen elicited with ovarian tissue of SD female rats, and treated with ZGP at different time points in the modeling, with prednisone as positive control. The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) in peripheral blood were measured with radioimmunoassay, and ovarian antibody (AoAb) was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expression of ovarian growth and differentiation factor-9 was detected with in situ hybridization. RESULTS: POF model mice manifested such abnormalities as increased FSH, decreased E2, and positive AoAb in peripheral blood, with lymphocytes infiltration in ovarian mesanchyma, reduction of GDF-9 mRNA positive oocytes, and decrease of growing and mature follicles. ZGP could reduce the increase of FSH, increase the level of E2, inhibit the production of AoAb, raise the GDF-9 mRNA positive cells of oocytes, increase the number of growing and mature follicles. The clinical efficacy was more significant in early stage than in advanced stage. CONCLUSION: ZGP can improve immune inflammatory injury of ovary, and shows therapeutic effect on POF.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Catalytic performance of Ce/Zr series catalysts on soot combustion].

Catalytic performances of Ce/Zr series catalysts (Ce(x)Zr(1-x)O2) on soot combustion and the influence of feed gas were investigated by TG and TPO. The catalytic activity is high, and affects by the Ce/Zr ratio. The concentration of O2 affects the speed-limited step during the process of soot combustion. H2O showed no effect on the catalytic activity for soot combustion on Ce(0.5)Zr(0.5)O2. NO could promote soot combustion by presenting NO2, a more powerful oxidant than O2, and the ignition temperature of soot decreased 30 degrees C. Results of TG and TPO show that the beta species oxygen on the catalyst take part in the combustion process.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed2005

[Neurological complications following haploidentical bone marrow transplantation].

UNLABELLED: To explore the occurrence patterns of neurological complications following haploidentical bone marrow transplantation, a series of clinical data as the onset time, etiology, choices of therapies and prognosis in 10 patients with neurological disorders were summarized. The results showed that complications occurred in 10 out of 74 patients after bone marrow transplantation, which include 3 with encephalorrhagia, 3 infection, 1 epilepsy, 1 Guillian-Barr's syndrome, 1 encephalopathy and 1 schizophrenia. 4 patients died of neurological complications. IN CONCLUSION: neurological complications commonly occurred in haploidentical bone marrow transplantation, and encephalorrhagia might be the main indication that needs intensive care. Moreover, central nerve system infection and peripheral nerve diseases associated with slow immune reconstitution should have clinical interests.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Medical visits for chemotherapy and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia: a survey of the impact on patient time and activities.

BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer must make frequent visits to the clinic not only for chemotherapy but also for the management of treatment-related adverse effects. Neutropenia, the most common dose-limiting toxicity of myelosuppressive chemotherapy, has substantial clinical and economic consequences. Colony-stimulating factors such as filgrastim and pegfilgrastim can reduce the incidence of neutropenia, but the clinic visits for these treatments can disrupt patients' routines and activities. METHODS: We surveyed patients to assess how clinic visits for treatment with chemotherapy and the management of neutropenia affect their time and activities. RESULTS: The mean amounts of time affected by these visits ranged from approximately 109 hours (hospitalization for neutropenia) and 8 hours (physician and chemotherapy) to less than 3 hours (laboratory and treatment with filgrastim or pegfilgrastim). The visits for filgrastim or pegfilgrastim were comparable in length, but treatment with filgrastim requires several visits per chemotherapy cycle and treatment with pegfilgrastim requires only 1 visit. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides useful information for future modelling of additional factors such as disease status and chemotherapy schedule and provides information that should be considered in managing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2004

Interference of mRNA function by sequence-specific endoribonuclease PemK.

In Escherichia coli, programmed cell death is mediated through the system called "addiction module," which consists of a pair of genes encoding a stable toxin and a labile antitoxin. The pemI-pemK system is an addiction module present on plasmid R100. It helps to maintain the plasmid by post-segregational killing in E. coli population. Here we demonstrate that purified PemK, the toxin encoded by the pemI-pemK addiction module, inhibits protein synthesis in an E. coli cell-free system, whereas the addition of PemI, the antitoxin against PemK, resumes the protein synthesis. Further studies reveal that PemK is a sequence-specific endoribonuclease that cleaves mRNAs to inhibit protein synthesis, whereas PemI blocks the endoribonuclease activity of PemK. PemK cleaves only single-stranded RNA preferentially at the 5' or 3' side of the A residue in the "UAH" sequences (where H is C, A, or U). Upon induction, PemK cleaves cellular mRNAs to effectively block protein synthesis in E. coli. The pemK homologue genes have been identified on the genomes of a wide range of bacteria. We propose that PemK and its homologues form a novel endoribonuclease family that interferes with mRNA function by cleaving cellular mRNAs in a sequence-specific manner.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2004

[Antitumor activity of mitoxantrone-nanosphere against murine liver tumor H22].

OBJECTIVE: [corrected] To make a comparison between mitoxantrone (DHAQ) and liver targeting drug delivery system mitoxantrone-polybutylcyanoacrylate-nanosphere (DHAQ-PBCA-NS) in respect to their antitumor activity against experimental liver tumor H22 in mice. METHODS: Drugs were given intravenously on the 1st, 5th, 9th day after planting tumor respectively. Weight of tumor in mouse was determined and the results were compared with those of mitoxantrone (DHAQ). RESULTS: There was relationship of dose-effect for both DHAQ and DHAQ-PBCA-NS, and the median effective dose (ED50) of DHAQ and DHAQ-PBCA-NS was 1.04 mg/kg and 0.34 mg/kg respectively. The lethal dose to 50% of the population (LD50) of DHAQ and DHAQ-PBCA-NS i.v. in mice with the same administration schedule was 3.670 mg/kg and 4.225 mg/kg respectively. Therefore, the calculated value of therapeutic index was 3.53 for DHAQ and 12.43 for DHAQ-PBCA-NS. In addition, the antitumor activity of both drugs with different treatment schedules was reported. The results showed: the earlier the mice were treated, the higher the antitumor activity of the two drugs were seen. However, DHAQ-PBCA-NS presented higher activity than DHAQ did, when the same treatment schedule was followed. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the antitumor activity of DHAQ-PBCA-NS is much higher than that of DHAQ, and DHAQ-PBCA-NS is possessed of liver targeting property.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[Pulmonary complications in haploidentical bone marrow transplantation].

UNLABELLED: To explore the occurrence patterns of pulmonary complications at different stages in haploidentical bone marrow transplantation, a series of clinical data as the onset time, etiology, management choices and prognosis in 18 patients with pulmonary disorders were summarized. The results showed that in 18 out of 70 patients after bone marrow transplantation occurred pulmonary complications which included pneumonia affected by bacteria (7 cases), fungus (5 cases) and cytomegalovirus (CMV, 4 cases), bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP, 1 case), and idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (1 case), out of which 8 cases died. Fungal and CMV pneumonia occurred predominantly 2 to 3 months after transplantation, whereas bacterial pneumonia was observed in the duration of 3 to 12 months and 4 cases of them suffered from secondary fungal infections during treatment. BOOP and idiopathic pneumonia syndrome were diagnosed 12 months and 50 days after transplantation respectively. IN CONCLUSION: pulmonary complications were commonly seen in haploidentcal bone marrow transplantation, and fungal pneumonia might be the main cause that needs intensive management.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[CD25 monoclonal antibody for GVHD prophylaxis in non-T-cell depleted haploidentical bone marrow transplantation for treatment of childhood leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (Allo-BMT) has improved long-term survival in children patients with refractory leukemia. For patients who do not have an HLA-identical sibling, the treatment option is limited. Using related mismatch donors or parental donors for Allo-BMT was at high risk for acute severe GVHD. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of CD25 monoclonal antibody on reducing the incidence of severe acute GVHD in haploidentical bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of childhood leukemia. METHODS: Ten children with leukemia received haplotype Allo-BMT from HLA two or three loci mismatched related donors. Most patients were classified as in high risk category. The donors of patients were given G-CSF (Lenograstim Chugai) 250 microg/day for seven doses prior to marrow harvest. The non-T-cell depleted haploidentical bone marrow was infused. In addition to combination of CSA, MTX, ATG (Fresenius Hemocare, Germany) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for GVHD prophylaxis, CD(25) monoclonal antibody (Simulect, Novartis Pharma Switzerland) was administered to prevent acute severe GVHD.A total of 40 mg Simulect was given in two doses of 20 mg each by 30 min intravenous infusion 2 h before transplantation and day 4 after transplantation. The outcomes were compared with those of 8 children patients with leukemia who received haploidentical bone marrow transplantation without CD(25) antibody for GVHD prophylaxis. RESULTS: All patients were engrafted and sustained full donor-type engraftment. 100% donors hematopoietic cells after transplantation was determined by cytogenetic evidence analysis. The median days of granulocyte exceeding 0.5 x 10(9)/L and pallets exceeding 20 x 10(9)/L were 19 and 22 days, respectively. Patients were monitored till up to days 100 for the sign of aGVHD. None developed the grade II-IV acute GVHD. However, the incidence of the grade II-IV acute GVHD in control group was 50% (P = 0.0147). Eight patients could be evaluated for chronic GVHD. All experienced chronic GVHD confined to the skin. The median follow-up duration was 12 months (range 9 - 24 months). Two patients died from transplant related mortality, one had patient relapsed disease and died. The remaining seven patients were alive in disease-free situation. CONCLUSION: The use of Simulect in haploidentical bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of children patients with leukemia is effective for preventing acute severe GVHD and may reduce transplant-related mortality.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2003

[Clinical and virological course of dual infection by hepatitis B and C viruses in China].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and virological course of dual infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in China. METHODS: We enrolled 40 patients with chronic HBV and HCV dual infection (Group BC), 16 patients with chronic single HBV infection (Group B) and 31 patients with chronic single HCV infection (Group C). They infected HBV and/or HCV during 1982 to 1989. The sera of all the 87 patients were collected in 1994 and 2002 respectively. We detected biochemical and virologic markers and quantitative serum HCV DNA and HCV RNA levels of all the patients. The B-type ultrasound detecting was performed in some patients. RESULTS: In Group BC, 67.5% of the patients have cleared HBsAg, and 92.5% of the patients have cleared HBeAg. The clearance rate of HBV DNA was 87.5%. There was no significant difference of HBV clearance between Group BC and Group B. In Group BC, the clearance rate of HBV-RNA was 87.5%, significantly higher than those in Group C. Less than 40% of the patients in all groups have elevated liver enzyme values. The highest value of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 218 u/L (normal range for ALT 0 - 40 u/L). In most patients the ultrasonogram presentations were changed mildly. CONCLUSION: The clinical presentation of patients with HBV/HCV coinfection seemed mild and occult. High clearance of HBV, easy to clear HBV in male patient was the characteristics of infection by HBV in adult time in China. HBV could inhibit HCV replication, but no evidence could be found in our data that HCV could suppress HBV replication.

Adult↗