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Biomedical subjects

Lionel M L Chow

Publications and source records attributed to Lionel M L Chow.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Survival and late effects in children with Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with MOPP/ABV and low-dose, extended-field irradiation.

PURPOSE: Reduced-intensity protocols for pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma are aimed at preserving excellent relapse-free survival while decreasing the incidence of late effects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of 123 children treated consecutively for Hodgkin's lymphoma at a single institution. Patients with stages I-IIIB disease received three cycles of mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP)/ doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vinblastine (ABV) followed by 15 Gy of extended-field irradiation, while those with stage IV disease were treated with six to eight cycles of MOPP/ABV chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 8.5 years (range, 1.4 to 15.5 years), the estimated 10-year overall survival and event-free survival are 94% (SE, 2.2%) and 88% (SE, 3.1%) respectively. There have been 12 treatment failures and six disease-related deaths. A very large mediastinal mass ( 50% of the maximal thoracic diameter) was associated with a 10-year event-free survival of 50% (SE, 14%) compared with 91% (SE, 4.0%) for smaller masses (P < .001). Late cardiopulmonary toxicity is largely absent, and the incidence of hypothyroidism is 14%. There have been no cases of secondary leukemia and four secondary solid malignancies observed to date. CONCLUSION: MOPP/ABV and low-dose, extended-field radiotherapy is an effective treatment for pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma. With median follow-up of 8.5 years, late cardiopulmonary effects and secondary malignancies from this treatment regimen are infrequent. Continued longitudinal observations, particularly for breast cancer in female patients and gonadotoxicity, will determine whether the goal of decreasing treatment-related complications while maintaining excellent survival has been achieved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

PTEN function in normal and neoplastic growth.

The PTEN tumor suppressor is a central negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade that influences multiple cellular functions including cell growth, survival, proliferation and migration in a context-dependent manner. Dysregulation of this signaling pathway contributes to many cancers in man. PTEN is the most commonly altered component of the PI3K pathway in human malignancies. Mutations occur in both heritable and sporadic settings, with high frequency in sporadic glioblastoma, prostate and endometrial cancer. Data from human tumors and animal models support the concept that the effects of PTEN inactivation are tissue-specific. Elucidation of the mechanisms regulating activation of unique downstream effectors that mediate distinct outcomes of PTEN loss will augment our understanding of tumorigenesis and ultimately lead to novel therapeutic options.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Inducible Cre recombinase activity in mouse cerebellar granule cell precursors and inner ear hair cells.

A transgenic mouse line expressing the CreER(TM) fusion protein under the control of the Math1 enhancer was generated. Expression of the transgene in the postnatal mouse was restricted to hair cells of the inner ear and granule neurons in the external granule layer of the cerebellum in a temporally regulated manner. Cre activity was virtually nonexistent in uninduced mice; however, treatment of newborn pups with tamoxifen, leading to nuclear translocation of the fusion protein, resulted in efficient recombination at LoxP sites in the appropriate cell types. Up to two thirds of cerebellar granule neurons and 80-90% of cochlear hair cells underwent Cre-specific recombination. This mouse line provides a powerful tool to dissect gene function at early and late stages in development of the cerebellum and inner ear.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) fracture and embolization in the pediatric population.

OBJECTIVES: To document and characterize fracture and embolization of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in the pediatric population and define predisposing features for these complications. STUDY DESIGN: A case series was assembled by examining the records of PICC insertions in a single tertiary care pediatric hospital over a 6-year period. A control group was selected by simple random sampling of eligible PICC insertions. RESULTS: Among approximately 1650 PICCs, 11 children were identified with a fractured line, requiring invasive retrieval. Patient characteristics did not reveal any specific risk factors compared with the control group. Likewise, catheter size, site, and medications infused through the line were not significant predisposing factors for fracture. However, duration of placement and a line complication (blockage of the line or leaking at the insertion site) were significantly associated with catheter fractures. In all cases, the embolized line fragment was successfully retrieved by percutaneously inserted catheters and snares. No major complications arose from these fractured catheters. CONCLUSIONS: Fracture and embolization of PICCs occur and may pose a potential risk of serious consequences. It is prudent to list PICC fracture as a rare but potentially serious complication of this device when obtaining informed consent for its insertion.

Adolescent↗