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Lise E Nigrovic

Publications and source records attributed to Lise E Nigrovic.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Linking surveillance to action: incorporation of real-time regional data into a medical decision rule.

OBJECTIVE: Broadly, to create a bidirectional communication link between public health surveillance and clinical practice. Specifically, to measure the impact of integrating public health surveillance data into an existing clinical prediction rule. We incorporate data about recent local trends in meningitis epidemiology into a prediction model differentiating aseptic from bacterial meningitis. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: Retrospective analysis of a cohort of all 696 children with meningitis admitted to a large urban pediatric hospital from 1992 to 2000. We modified a published bacterial meningitis score by adding a new epidemiological context adjustor variable. We examined 540 possible rules for this adjustor, varying both the number of aseptic meningitis cases that needed to be seen, and the recent time window in which they were seen. We performed sensitivity analyses with each of 540 possibilities in order to identify the optimal rule--namely, the one that included the most cases of aseptic meningitis without missing additional cases of bacterial meningitis, as compared with the published prediction model. We used bootstrap methods to validate this new score. RESULTS: The optimal rule was found to be: "at least four cases of aseptic meningitis in the previous 10 days." The epidemiological context adjustor based on surveillance of recent cases of meningitis allowed the correct identification of an additional 47 cases (7%) of aseptic meningitis without missing any additional cases of bacterial meningitis. The epidemiological context adjustor was validated, showing significance in 84% of 1,000 bootstrap samples. CONCLUSION: Epidemiological contextual information can improve the performance of a clinical prediction rule. We provide a methodological framework for leveraging regional surveillance data to improve medical decision-making.

Child↗
PubMed2007

Clinical prediction rule for identifying children with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis at very low risk of bacterial meningitis.

CONTEXT: Children with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis are routinely admitted to the hospital and treated with parenteral antibiotics, although few have bacterial meningitis. We previously developed a clinical prediction rule, the Bacterial Meningitis Score, that classifies patients at very low risk of bacterial meningitis if they lack all of the following criteria: positive CSF Gram stain, CSF absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of at least 1000 cells/microL, CSF protein of at least 80 mg/dL, peripheral blood ANC of at least 10,000 cells/microL, and a history of seizure before or at the time of presentation. OBJECTIVE: To validate the Bacterial Meningitis Score in the era of widespread pneumococcal conjugate vaccination. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study conducted in emergency departments of 20 US academic medical centers through the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics. All children aged 29 days to 19 years who presented at participating emergency departments between January 1, 2001, and June 30, 2004, with CSF pleocytosis (CSF white blood cells > or =10 cells/microL) and who had not received antibiotic treatment before lumbar puncture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The sensitivity and negative predictive value of the Bacterial Meningitis Score. RESULTS: Among 3295 patients with CSF pleocytosis, 121 (3.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1%-4.4%) had bacterial meningitis and 3174 (96.3%; 95% CI, 95.5%-96.9%) had aseptic meningitis. Of the 1714 patients categorized as very low risk for bacterial meningitis by the Bacterial Meningitis Score, only 2 had bacterial meningitis (sensitivity, 98.3%; 95% CI, 94.2%-99.8%; negative predictive value, 99.9%; 95% CI, 99.6%-100%), and both were younger than 2 months old. A total of 2518 patients (80%) with aseptic meningitis were hospitalized. CONCLUSIONS: This large multicenter study validates the Bacterial Meningitis Score prediction rule in the era of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine as an accurate decision support tool. The risk of bacterial meningitis is very low (0.1%) in patients with none of the criteria. The Bacterial Meningitis Score may be helpful to guide clinical decision making for the management of children presenting to emergency departments with CSF pleocytosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Patients with juvenile psoriatic arthritis comprise two distinct populations.

OBJECTIVE: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in children is clinically heterogeneous. We examined a large population of children with juvenile PsA for evidence of phenotypic clustering that could suggest the presence of distinct clinical entities. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 139 patients meeting the Vancouver criteria for juvenile PsA. To identify segregation into phenotypic groups, we compared younger patients with their older counterparts and subjected the whole population to 2-step cluster analysis. RESULTS: Among patients with juvenile PsA, the age at onset is biphasic, with peaks occurring at approximately 2 years of age and again in late childhood. Compared with children ages 5 years and older, younger patients are more likely to be female, exhibit dactylitis and small joint involvement, and express antinuclear antibodies. Progression to polyarticular disease (>or=5 joints) is more common in younger children, although joint involvement remains oligoarticular in the majority of children. In contrast, older patents tend to manifest enthesitis, axial joint disease, and persistent oligoarthritis. Uveitis is equally represented in both age groups. Despite a higher utilization of methotrexate therapy, younger patients required, on average, more than twice as long to achieve clinical remission (23 months versus 9.2 months; P = 0.044). Cluster analysis identified largely overlapping subgroups but suggested that the presence of dactylitis, rather than age, has the greatest capacity to predict essential features of the clinical phenotype. CONCLUSION: Juvenile PsA comprises 2 distinct populations of patients. Although the pathophysiologic correlate of this finding remains undefined, future studies should avoid the assumption that PsA in childhood constitutes a single etiologic entity.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed2006

Extreme thrombocytosis predicts Kawasaki disease in infants.

Infants with Kawasaki disease are at high risk of developing life-threatening coronary complications, yet may elude timely diagnosis because they often lack the full complement of classic clinical features. We retrospectively studied 26,540 children 1 year of age or less who were evaluated at a tertiary care pediatric emergency department in whom a platelet count was performed. Among those infants with fever without a source identified, 8.5% with platelet counts of 800,000 cells/mm(3) or greater had Kawasaki disease compared to 0.4% with platelet counts of less than 800,000 cells/mm(3) (likelihood ratio for Kawasaki disease was 17 [95% confidence interval, 8-34]). Because many infants present atypically, Kawasaki disease should be considered in all children of 1 year or less with prolonged fever, extreme elevation of the platelet count, and no compelling alternative diagnosis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Cerebrospinal latex agglutination fails to contribute to the microbiologic diagnosis of pretreated children with meningitis.

We conducted a 10-year retrospective study of all children who had cerebrospinal fluid latex agglutination testing for bacterial antigens performed at 1 tertiary care urban children's hospital. Of the 176 patients with culture-negative meningitis who were pretreated with antibiotics before lumbar puncture, none had a positive latex agglutination study (0 of 176; 95% confidence interval, 0-2%). Latex agglutination studies identified no additional cases of bacterial meningitis beyond those identified by culture in pretreated patients. Clinical decision-making algorithms for the management of pretreated patients at risk for bacterial meningitis should not include latex agglutination testing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Development and validation of a multivariable predictive model to distinguish bacterial from aseptic meningitis in children in the post-Haemophilus influenzae era.

CONTEXT: Children with meningitis are routinely admitted to the hospital and administered broad-spectrum antibiotics pending culture results because distinguishing bacterial meningitis from aseptic meningitis is often difficult. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a simple multivariable model to distinguish bacterial meningitis from aseptic meningitis in children using objective parameters available at the time of patient presentation. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of all children with meningitis admitted to 1 urban children's hospital from July 1992 through June 2000, randomly divided into derivation (66%) and validation sets (34%). PATIENTS: Six hundred ninety-six previously healthy children aged 29 days to 19 years, of whom 125 (18%) had bacterial meningitis and 571 (82%) had aseptic meningitis. INTERVENTION: Multivariable logistic regression and recursive partitioning analyses identified the following predictors of bacterial meningitis from the derivation set: Gram stain of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showing bacteria, CSF protein > or =80 mg/dL, peripheral absolute neutrophil count > or =10 000 cells/mm3, seizure before or at time of presentation, and CSF absolute neutrophil count > or =1000 cells/mm3. A Bacterial Meningitis Score (BMS) was developed on the derivation set by attributing 2 points for a positive Gram stain and 1 point for each of the other variables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The accuracy of the BMS when applied to the validation set. RESULTS: A BMS of 0 accurately identified patients with aseptic meningitis without misclassifying any child with bacterial meningitis in the validation set. The negative predictive value of a score of 0 for bacterial meningitis was 100% (95% confidence interval: 97%-100%). A BMS > or =2 predicted bacterial meningitis with a sensitivity of 87% (95% confidence interval: 72%-96%). CONCLUSIONS: The BMS accurately identifies children at low (BMS = 0) or high (BMS > or =2) risk of bacterial meningitis. Outpatient management may be considered for children in the low-risk group.

Adolescent↗