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Biomedical subjects

Loïc Vaillant

Publications and source records attributed to Loïc Vaillant.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Oral pristinamycin versus standard penicillin regimen to treat erysipelas in adults: randomised, non-inferiority, open trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of oral pristinamycin versus intravenous then oral penicillin to treat erysipelas in patients in hospital. DESIGN: Multicentre, parallel group, open labelled, randomised non-inferiority trial. SETTING: 22 French hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: 289 adults admitted to hospital with erysipelas. RESULTS: At follow up (day 25-45) the cure rate (primary efficacy end point) for the per protocol populations was 81% (83/102) for pristinamycin and 67% (68/102) for penicillin. The planned interim analysis (global one sided type I error 5%) showed that the one sided 97.06% confidence interval of the observed difference (pristinamycin-penicillin) between cure rates (3.3% to infinity ) exceeded the -10% non-inferiority threshold. For the intention to treat populations the cure rate at follow up was 65% (90/138) for pristinamycin and 53% (79/150) for penicillin, with the one sided 97.06% confidence interval of the observed difference between cure rates (1.7% to infinity ) exceeding the -10% non-inferiority threshold. That the lower limit of the confidence interval exceeded the -10% threshold and was also >0 supports the hypothesis that pristinamycin is significantly superior at the 5% level. More adverse events related to treatment, as assessed by the investigators, were reported in the pristinamycin group than in the penicillin group. Most adverse events involved the gastrointestinal tract (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea) but were minor and usually did not require discontinuation of treatment. CONCLUSION: Pristinamycin could be an alternative to the standard intravenous then oral penicillin regimen used to treat erysipelas in adults in hospital, with the advantages of oral first line therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

Effect of sonication parameters on transdermal delivery of insulin to hairless rats.

Application of low-frequency ultrasound has been shown to enhance transdermal drug transport of large molecules such as insulin. In this study, we investigated the dependence of ultrasound-induced transdermal delivery of insulin on ultrasound parameters. Insulin was delivered in vivo to hairless rats using 20 kHz ultrasound applied over a range of ultrasound intensity, application time and pulse length. Change in blood glucose levels of the animals was monitored to assess insulin transport. The results showed a threshold below which no detectable changes in blood glucose level was observed for each ultrasound parameter. Moreover, our findings indicated that sonophoretic enhancement is dependent on energy dose and length of ultrasound pulse that is consistent with a cavitation-based mechanism. The more significant effect of lowering glycemia was obtained with application of less than 15 min ultrasound and was similar to subcutaneous injection of 0.5 U of insulin. Pretreatment of hairless rat skin with ultrasound followed by application of insulin resulted in no significant modification in blood glucose level, indicating that transdermal transport of insulin mainly occurred during sonication. Sonophoresis may therefore potentially be applied for non-invasive and painless delivery of insulin in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2002

[Bullous diseases of the oral mucosa].

Bullous diseases of the oral cavity cause painful, erosive lesions. These must be distinguished from aphthous ulcers and vesicles with which they are often confused. The causes of post-bullous erosions are varied. Acute lesions can be due to trauma, erythema multiforme or toxidermia. The examination of the skin and the medical history are the keys to diagnosis. Chronic bullous diseases can be due to congenital diseases (epidermolysis bullosa or lymphangioma), which are easily evoked by the age at which the symptoms appear and the clinical picture. Acquired chronic bullous diseases include lichen planus and bullous auto-immune diseases. The keys to diagnosis are the presence of other mucosal or cutaneous lesions, the histological examination and the finding of perilesional antibodies on the mucosa. The symptomatic treatment of oral bullous lesions includes the following of a specific diet, use of antalegics and the prevention or treatment of superimposed infection.

Analgesics↗
PubMed2002

[Iatrogenic stomatitis].

The oral cavity is the site of diverse manifestations of iatrogenic disease. Mucosal pigmentations, gingival hypertrophy, ulcerations, mucositis and xerostomia are easily identifiable, but may simulate diseases that are well known to localise to the oral cavity, such as aphthous ulcers or lichen planus. Drug therapies are at the origin of the greatest number of these lesions. A rigorous inquiry into the characteristic oral lesions permits, in the majority of cases, the establishment of this relationship.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2002

Spatial variation of acoustic parameters in human skin: an in vitro study between 22 and 45 MHz.

This study of spatial variance of acoustic parameters was performed on eight nonfrozen samples of female abdominal skin (women 46.5 +/- 12.2 years old), obtained during plastic surgery. Intra- and interindividual variations are discussed on the basis of estimations of three acoustic parameters (slope of attenuation- beta; integrated attenuation coefficient- IAC; integrated backscattering coefficient- IBC) and one texture parameter (based on two estimators of effective density of scatterers: alpha(2) and alpha(1/2)) as a function of surface area and depth of acquisition in the frequency range 22 to 45 MHz. Values of intraindividual variations varied from 7.1% for IAC to 23.2% for IBC, and significantly decreased at a ratio between 1.2 to 2.3 when the acquisition surface area was increased from 4 mm(2) to 1 cm(2). Interindividual variations were higher than intraindividual variations, and varied from 14.2% for alpha(1/2) to 51% for IBC. The mean values (+/- SD) for all specimens combined, estimated with a large number of independent radiofrequency (RF) lines (400) and for a surface area of exploration of 4 cm(2), were 1.06 +/- 0.17 dB cm(-1) MHz(-1) for beta, 135 +/- 37 dB cm(-1) for IAC, (3.7 +/- 1.9) x 10(-2) cm(-1) sr(-1) for IBC, 1.40 +/- 0.17 scatterers/resolution cell for alpha(2) and 1.32 +/- 0.27 scatterers/resolution cell for alpha(1/2). Finally, attenuation micro(f) and backscattering coefficient sigma(b)(f) were compared to published results for the same parameters measured in human skin.

Adipose Tissue↗