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Biomedical subjects

Loren Ketai

Publications and source records attributed to Loren Ketai.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI in blunt chest trauma: differentiating cardiac contusion from acute peri-traumatic myocardial infarction.

Blunt cardiac trauma most commonly manifests as a myocardial contusion. These contusions can cause cardiac enzyme leaks, electrocardiographic abnormalities, and cardiac contractile dysfunction making it difficult to differentiate a myocardial contusion from a peri-traumatic myocardial infarction. We present a case in which delayed contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was used to differentiate between contusion and myocardial infarction, leading to conservative management with subsequent complete restitution of myocardial function.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

Thoracic radiology of infections emerging after natural disasters.

When natural disasters demolish shelter, destroy sources of clean drinking water, and disrupt the availability of medical care, vast numbers of people are placed at increased risk of disease. The infectious diseases that propagate under these conditions are usually common ones. Occasionally, a natural disaster alters the local environment in ways that markedly increase the prevalence of a disease that is endemic to a geographic region, occurring only as isolated cases under normal conditions. Many of these infections may affect the thorax. In this article, we discuss the radiologic findings of 4 infectious diseases, coccidioidomycosis, leptospirosis, melioidosis, and Chagas disease, which may flourish after natural disasters strike areas where they are endemic.

Chagas Disease↗
PubMed2006

Radiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): the emerging pathologic-radiologic correlates of an emerging disease.

Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a systemic infection that clinically manifests as progressive pneumonia. During the initial phases of infection the virus causes pauci-inflammatory alveolar and interstitial edema that result in imaging abnormalities dominated by ground glass opacities (GGO). Severe SARS cases can develop radiologic and pathologic findings of diffuse alveolar damage. Although radiologic evidence of acute bronchiolitis is absent, SARS-CoV also infects ciliated airway epithelium, probably accounting for respiratory transmissibility of the virus. Radiologic recovery from SARS can be complete, but computed tomography images often show persistent GGO and reticular opacities, some of which reflect pathologic findings of fibrosis. Long-term follow-up imaging of survivors shows gradual decrease of GGO and reticulation with persistent air trapping in some patients. The latter is evidence of small airway disease that is not radiologically evident at the onset of the disease.

Communicable Diseases, Emerging↗
PubMed2005

Potential applications of conventional and molecular imaging to biodefense research.

Imaging methods that visualize the structure and function of the living body are widely used in patient care and biomedical research, but their full potential has not yet been applied to the study and treatment of the severe illnesses caused by pathogens of biodefense concern. "Conventional" imaging techniques (e.g., radiography, computed tomography, ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging) delineate anatomic changes in tissues, whereas "molecular" methods employ magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, or optical (fluorescence or bioluminescence) imaging to detect biochemical reactions that accompany pathogen replication or host responses. We review the basic principles of these methods, describe the diseases caused by 6 pathogens classified as category A or B bioterror agents (anthrax, plague, tularemia, filoviral hemorrhagic fever, smallpox, and aerosolized equine encephalitis virus infection), and discuss how imaging could be used to study their pathogenesis in laboratory animals and to diagnose and monitor infection in humans.

Bioterrorism↗
PubMed2005

Exhaled nitric oxide and bronchial wall thickening in asthmatics during and after acute exacerbation: evidence of bronchial wall remodeling.

To assess whether bronchial wall thickening during asthma exacerbations is due to active inflammation in severe asthmatics, we measured bronchial wall thickness and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) following treatment. Nine asthmatics were compared with seven controls with high-resolution computed tomography, spirometry, and FeNO measurements. The asthmatic bronchial wall area percent and FeNO was greater than controls. Following treatment, the FEV1 markedly improved, FeNO decreased modestly, and bronchial wall area percent did not change significantly. Bronchial wall thickening persisted after treatment of acute asthma exacerbation despite improvement in spirometry and decline in FeNO, possibly due to chronic airway remodeling.

Acute Disease↗