Biomedical subjects

Louis Fogg

Publications and source records attributed to Louis Fogg.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Predictive validity of the Depression Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (DCSES).

The Depression Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (DCSES) was developed to measure depressed individuals' confidence in their ability to follow treatment recommendations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the DCSES as a unidimensional measure of depression coping self-efficacy. Data were collected from depressed psychiatric inpatients at admission and discharge (n = 99), and 6-8 weeks post-discharge (n = 75). Exploratory factor analysis yielded a single factor solution accounting for 48.8% of the variance with an eigenvalue of 12.7. DCSES scores at discharge were related to self-reported levels of functional impairment (FI), depression symptom distress, and suicidal ideation (SI), and predicted rehospitalization 6-8 weeks later. Patients with lower DCSES scores at discharge showed less improvement in depression coping self-efficacy from admission to discharge.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2006

Measuring participation in a prevention trial with parents of young children.

This paper describes parent participation in a clinical trial of preventive parent training (PT) targeting low-income parents of young children. Participation encompassed enrollment, attendance, and engagement. Average enrollment rate was 34.9%, although enrollment rates were significantly higher in the control (39.1%) than in the intervention (30.6%) centers. Parents attended an average of 39% of the PT sessions. Higher attendance was associated with lower parenting self-efficacy, more parent-reported child behavior problems, and attending the first PT session. Level of engagement in the PT sessions was related to improvements in parent and child outcomes. Findings suggest that attendance is linked to parent perceived need for help and that resources should be focused on ensuring parent attendance at the first intervention session.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

The equivalence of the Child Behavior Checklist/1 1/2-5 across parent race/ethnicity, income level, and language.

This study examined the equivalence of the Child Behavior Checklist/1 1/2-5 (CBCL/1 1/2-5) in 682 parents of 2- to 4-year-old children stratified by parent race/ethnicity (African American, Latino, and non-Latino White), family income (low vs. middle-upper), and language version (Spanish vs. English). Externalizing Scale means differed by income and child gender. Internalizing Scale means differed by income and parent race/ethnicity. Differential item analyses showed that few items functioned differently by racial/ethnic, language, and income group. A confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the Externalizing Scale provided a good fit with the data across racial/ethnic and income groups. However, model fit was improved for the Internalizing Scale when factor weights were allowed to vary. Findings support the equivalence of the CBCL/1 1/2-5 when used with parents of low-income preschool children from African American and Latino backgrounds, although further study of the factor structure for the Internalizing Scale is recommended.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

A placebo-controlled test of cognitive-behavioral therapy for comorbid insomnia in older adults.

The present study tested cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for insomnia in older adults with osteoarthritis, coronary artery disease, or pulmonary disease. Ninety-two participants (mean age = 69 years) were randomly assigned to classroom CBT or stress management and wellness (SMW) training, which served as a placebo condition. Compared with SMW, CBT participants had larger improvements on 8 out of 10 self-report measures of sleep. The type of chronic disease had no impact on these outcomes. The hypothesis that CBT would improve daytime functioning more than SMW was only supported by a global rating measure. These results add to findings that challenge the dichotomy between primary and secondary insomnia and suggest that psychological factors are likely involved in insomnias that are presumed to be secondary to medical conditions.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Patient characteristics and setting variables related to use of restraint on four inpatient psychiatric units for youths.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the characteristics of children and adolescents who were restrained during brief inpatient psychiatric treatment and identified whether restraint use was related to the characteristics of the youths or to the setting-time of day, day of the week, place, or programming. Incidents related to restraint use were also examined. METHODS: Charts were reviewed for 100 youths who were admitted to four inpatient units between December 1998 and January 2000. RESULTS: Thirty-one youths were not restrained, 57 were restrained once or twice, and 12 were restrained three or more times. Youths were significantly more likely to be restrained if they were male, had multiple admissions to the facility during the study period, remained in the hospital longer, had been given a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder, or had a previous psychiatric hospitalization. Youths who were restrained were also more likely to be enrolled in special education or to be in foster care or in custody of the Department of Children and Family Services. Also, these youths were more likely to have a history of voicing suicidal ideation and attempting suicide. No single setting variable was significantly related to restraint use. Incidents that prompted restraint generally involved agitation, threats, or assaults. CONCLUSIONS: Youths who were at greatest risk of being restrained during brief inpatient treatment shared particular characteristics related to greater use of inpatient services, guardianship arrangements, special education placement, and history of suicide attempts. Inpatient staff members should remain particularly alert to the processing and regulation problems of these groups of patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Psychometric evaluation of the Energy Conservation Strategies Survey.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Energy Conservation Strategies Survey (ECSS), a tool that was specifically designed to determine if people with multiple sclerosis who attended the six-week energy conservation course actually implemented the strategies taught to them. DESIGN: The instrument ECSS was administered at six weeks and seven weeks post intervention to evaluate the test-retest reliability, while data from six weeks post intervention were utilized to assess the internal consistency of the ECSS. SETTING: Community locations in Illinois and Minnesota, USA. SUBJECTS: Data from 53 participants with multiple sclerosis living in the community were utilized for the psychometric study. MEASURES: Energy Conservation Strategies Survey. RESULTS: The internal consistency of 0.92 reveals that all the items are consistent with each other and measure a single construct. Inferential analyses using intraclass correlation coefficient indicates good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.79). CONCLUSION: Findings of the study suggest that the ECSS exhibits high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. The study implies that the ECSS could be valuable in measuring changes in behaviour over time among people with multiple sclerosis after the completion of the six-week energy conservation course provided by occupational therapists.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Depression and suicidal ideation among Mexican American school-aged children.

The purpose of this study was to describe depression and suicidal ideation rates in a community sample of 182 urban fourth and fifth grade Mexican American children using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). We used a descriptive secondary data analysis design. The mean CDI score was 9.55 (SD = 5.8). Thirty-one percent fell in the depressed range using a clinical cut point of 12 and 7% fell into the depressed range using the non-clinical cut point of 19. Thirty-eight percent (n = 69) reported suicidal ideation. The depression rate was consistent with national rates. A non-clinical cut point of 19 showed that 87% of children reporting suicidal ideation were not identified as depressed. Many of these children do not report the most typical symptoms of depression. The results of this study provide school nurses with vital information to support efforts addressing the mental health needs of Mexican American children.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Behavior problems in young children: an analysis of cross-informant agreements and disagreements.

This study examined (a) convergence between parents' and day care teachers' ratings of children's behavior problems, and (b) whether agreements and disagreements were associated with characteristics of the informant, context, or measures. Parents of 241, 2-4-year old children in day care centers serving low-income families completed measures of child behavior problems, parenting style, stress, depression, and self-efficacy. Teachers completed a measure of classroom behavior problems. There was a low correlation between parents' and teachers' ratings of child behavior (r=.17), and few children (2.5%) received high behavior problem scores from both parents and teachers. Cross-informant agreement on high behavior problem children was related to characteristics of the informants and home context. Implications for identifying children at risk are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Parent training of toddlers in day care in low-income urban communities.

The authors tested a 12-week parent training program with parents (n = 208) and teachers (n = 77) of 2-3-year-olds in day care centers serving low-income families of color in Chicago. Eleven centers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions: (a) parent and teacher training (PT + TT), (b) parent training (PT), (c) teacher training (TT), and (d) waiting list control (C). After controlling for parent stress, PT and PT + TT parents reported higher self-efficacy and less coercive discipline and were observed to have more positive behaviors than C and TT parents. Among toddlers in high-risk behavior problem groups, toddlers in the experimental conditions showed greater improvement than controls. Most effects were retained 1 year later. Benefits were greatest when parents directly received training.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between maternal and child mental health in Mexican immigrant families.

Depression is a leading cause of disability in the United States, with Mexican immigrant women reporting depression rates higher than the national average. The purposes of this study were to describe mental health symptoms in a sample (n = 182) of Mexican immigrant mothers and their relationships to child mental health, family functioning, and acculturation. Over one third of the mothers reported depression and anxiety symptoms above standardized cutoffs while 31% of the children scored in the depressed range. Of those children with high depression scores, 51% also had a mother with high depression and anxiety scores. Boys' depression scores were related to maternal reports of family functioning and stress, while girls' depression scores were related to maternal reports of depression, anxiety, and stress. Maternal mental health symptoms were associated with family functioning but not with acculturation. These data indicate that poorer maternal mental health and family functioning is associated with greater stress in Mexican immigrant children.

Acculturation↗