Biomedical subjects

Loyal Jacob

Publications and source records attributed to Loyal Jacob.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Validity and reliability of the Community Integration Program Questionnaire.

The Community Integration Program Questionnaire was developed to measure various quantifiable characteristics of community integration programs for people with brain injury. There are three versions: one for outpatient facility-based, one for residential and one for home programs. In this study questionnaires were administered to directors and associate directors of seven programs. A research assistant then went on-site to collect corresponding data using patient records, planning books and schedules, annual and quarterly reports, employee lists, staff curricula vitae, census data, insurance payment data, team meeting notes, incident reports, and staff logs. Matching criteria between questionnaire and on-site data were established before either was collected. The survey data matched data acquired on-site in 42.2, 56.4, and 56.8% of questions in the three versions, respectively. Interviewers and a second listener recorded the same information 91.5% of the time across seven program interviews. For two programs, comparisons between a Program Director and Program Coordinator yielded matches on 42.8 and 40.6% of questions, respectively. In conclusion, the Community Integration Program Questionnaire does not have acceptable construct validity and inter-rater reliability. Researchers requiring information about quantifiable characteristics of community integration programs should go on-site to collect the data.

Brain Injuries↗

PubMed2004

Apathy and depression in cross-cultural survivors of traumatic brain injury.

The disturbance of motivation and its relationship to depression continues to spark contradictory findings among European and North American populations. Could a cross-cultural study shed some light on the situation? This study aims to detect the prevalence of apathy and to test whether the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) can spot the presence or absence of depression in survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Oman. Eighty subjects who sustained a TBI were given an Arabic version of the AES and were also interviewed with the semistructured Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The authors found that the incidence of apathy and depression among Omani people who sustained TBI is similar to that reported elsewhere. The AES has poor discriminatory power in identifying cases of depression. These findings emphasize the importance of developing assessment tools that are culturally sensitive in light of the rising incidence of TBI in developing countries such as Oman.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Cutoff score on the apathy evaluation scale in subjects with traumatic brain injury.

This cross-sectional study was designed to determine a cutoff score on the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) that predicts a clinician's designation of a subject with TBI as apathetic or not. Forty-five outpatients with TBI completed the AES-S, and 37 family members, friends, or significant others filled out the AES-I. Three clinicians prospectively gave their impressions of the presence or absence of apathy and retrospectively chose the degree of apathy on a 7-point subjective rating scale. The data was analysed by logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated. No cutoff score on the AES-S or AES-I was found to have reasonable sensitivity and specificity with respect to the ability to predict the clinician's designation of a subject as apathetic. The AES requires further study if it is to be used to measure apathy following TBI.

Adolescent↗