Biomedical subjects

Luis E Fernández de Castro

Publications and source records attributed to Luis E Fernández de Castro.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Prevention of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis with topical gatifloxacin in a rabbit prophylaxis model.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the prophylactic use of 0.3% gatifloxacin drops to prevent endophthalmitis in a rabbit model. METHODS: Forty (40) New Zealand white rabbits were randomly placed into group A (20 rabbits) where they received 1 drop of 0.3% gatifloxacin in their right eye every 15 min (0, 15, 30, and 45 min), or group B (20 rabbits) where they received 1 drop of balanced salt solution (BSS) in their right eye every 15 min (0, 15, 30, and 45 min). Following this treatment regimen, the anterior chamber of each rabbit was injected with 0.025 mL of saline containing 5 x 10(5) colonyforming units of a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus (vancomycin-sensitive). After the inoculum injection, the treatment regimen continued: group A (1 drop of 0.3% gatifloxacin) or group B (1 drop of BSS) immediately postinjection, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h, at which time the animals were examined in a masked fashion, photographed, anesthetized, euthanized, and the aqueous and vitreous humors collected to determine the number of viable bacteria. RESULTS: The median clinical scores for the gatifloxacin group were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Bacterial recovery of S. aureus was significantly higher in the control group in both the aqueous and vitreous humor (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Gatifloxacin-treated eyes demonstrated significantly less inflammation, infection, and culture-positive endophthalmitis (P < 0.05), compared to the control animals. It is important to further investigate the clinical implications from this prophylatic study.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed2006

Bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma presenting as cicatrizing conjunctivitis.

PURPOSE: To report a case of cicatrizing conjunctivitis as the initial manifestation of a bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: Case report of a 57-year-old patient with bilateral history of ocular pain, redness, and discharge, with no apparent predisposing factors. Examination revealed chemosis, pseudomembrane, and symblepharon formation, and multiple ulcerated pustular and vesicular periocular and perioral lesions literature review. RESULTS: Skin biopsy was compatible with bullous pemphigoid. Two months later he developed respiratory symptoms, and a squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates cicatrizing conjunctivitis as a possible paraneoplastic syndrome associated with squamous cell lung carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗

PubMed2006

Ocular manifestations after primary varicella infection.

PURPOSE: To report a case of ocular manifestations after a primary varicella infection. METHODS: Review of the literature and a case report of a 10-year-old male patient with history of blurry vision and an enlarged pupil 2 months after a varicella infection. Examination revealed uveitis, interstitial keratitis, and internal ophthalmoplegia. RESULTS: The uveitis resolved with topical steroids; the interstitial keratitis resolved with a faint scar, and the internal ophthalmoplegia persisted. CONCLUSION: This case report describes a patient with uncommon ocular manifestations after primary varicella.

Chickenpox↗

PubMed2006

Randomized, double-masked clinical trial evaluating corneal endothelial cell loss after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation: Fluid-based system versus ultrasound phacoemulsification.

PURPOSE: To assess the endothelial cell loss after cataract extraction using a fluid-based system and compare it with conventional ultrasound. METHODS: A total of 46 eyes of 23 patients with up to 3+ bilateral cataract were included. The first eye was randomized to either fluid-based system or conventional ultrasound, and the fellow eye received the alternate system. Visual acuity and ultrasound pachymetry were measured preoperatively and at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Specular microscopy was performed preoperatively and 3 months after the surgery. Data was analyzed using the paired t test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Postoperatively, no significant differences were found among the groups. However, there was a significant difference (P < 0.01, analysis of variance with Tukey as posttest) in corneal pachymetry at day 1 after the surgery compared with baseline in both groups. There was a 6.3% and 7.9% loss of endothelial cells in the fluid-based system and ultrasound group, respectively. CONCLUSION: Visual acuity, pachymetry, and endothelial cell loss after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation using a fluid-based system is similar to conventional ultrasound.

Cell Count↗

PubMed2005

Refractive Surgery Survey 2004.

To determine the refractive surgery (RS) preferences of ophthalmologists worldwide, questionnaires were sent to 8897 members of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. A total of 1053 questionnaires were returned by the deadline. The practice distribution included 29.5% cataract surgeons, 48.8% comprehensive ophthalmologists, 11.6% RS specialists, 5.1% cornea and external disease specialists, 1.9% glaucoma specialists, 1.1% retina specialists, and <1.0% oculoplastics/pediatrics/researchers/retired. Results were compared with those in the 2003 survey and demonstrate that refractive surgery continues to develop and change.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Effect of hinge location on corneal sensation and dry eye after laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of a superior or nasal hinge location on corneal sensation and dry eye after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). SETTING: Magill Research Center for Vision Correction, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. METHODS: This prospective randomized masked study included 47 patients having bilateral myopic LASIK surgery. The first eye was randomly assigned to have a nasal or superior hinge flap; the fellow eye had the alternate location. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, corneal sensation, basic secretion test, tear film breakup time, conjunctival and corneal staining, and a subjective questionnaire were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired t test were used for comparison. RESULTS: Dry eye occurred with the same frequency in both groups. However, eyes with the nasal hinge had significantly better nasal sensation than those with the superior hinge (P<.05) at 1 month. CONCLUSION: Better nasal corneal sensation was found at 1 month in the nasal hinge group but there was no difference in any other parameters measured.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Cryptococcus albidus keratitis after corneal transplantation.

PURPOSE: To report suspected donor-to-host transmission of Cryptococcus albidus after penetrating keratoplasty. METHODS: Review of the literature and a case report of a 69-year-old woman who underwent penetrating keratoplasty for Fuchs corneal dystrophy and developed persistent corneal infiltrates 7 months postoperatively are presented. RESULTS: Cryptococcus albidus was cultured from the original donor tissue at the time of the repeat keratoplasty. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates an unusual case of cryptococcal keratitis after keratoplasty suspected to be a donor-to-host transmission.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus: presenting as giant-cell arteritis.

A 74-year-old woman was referred to the authors' clinic with a 1-week suspicion of giant-cell arteritis. Uncomplicated, bilateral temporal artery biopsies were performed 3 days after admission for therapy. Four hours after the procedure she developed vesicular lesions of the face compatible with herpes zoster ophthalmicus. The temporal artery biopsy revealed perineural lymphocytic aggregation. Both giant-cell arteritis and herpes zoster ophthalmicus form part of the differential diagnosis in elderly patients with headache. In such cases, clues from a temporal artery biopsy may aid in diagnosis of herpes zoster. In addition, the patient in this case developed the rash 10 days after onset of symptoms, which is rare as the average time from onset of symptoms to rash in zoster is 3-5 days.

Acyclovir↗

PubMed2004

Refractive surgery survey 2003.

To determine the refractive surgery preferences of ophthalmologists worldwide, questionnaires were sent to 8920 members of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. A total of 1174 questionnaires was returned by the deadline. The practice distribution included 30.0% cataract surgeons, 47.3% comprehensive ophthalmologists, 14.4% refractive surgery (RS) specialists, 4.5% corneal/external disease specialists, 1.9% glaucoma specialists, and < 1% retinal/oculoplastics/pediatrics/neurophthalmologists/researchers/retired. Responses were compared with those in the 2001 and 2002 surveys and demonstrate that RS practice patterns continue to evolve.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Comparison of wavefront sensing devices.

Wavefront measurement is an emerging technology that can evaluate low-order and high-order aberrations. This review compiles the different wavefront sensing devices and compares the most popular Hartmann-Shack aberrometers.

Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between cycloplegic and wavefront-derived refraction.

PURPOSE: To compare cycloplegic refractions to preoperative wavefront-derived refractions from three Hartmann-Shack-based wavefront devices. METHODS: Ninety-nine eyes of 55 subjects were evaluated preoperatively using the LADARWave, WaveScan, and Zywave aberrometers. With cycloplegic refraction as the standard, the spherical equivalent refraction, sphere, and cylinder were compared to the wavefront-derived refractions using the three wavefront devices. RESULTS: The LADARWave unit showed the highest correlation between wavefront-derived sphere and mean spherical equivalent refraction values relative to cycloplegic refraction, followed by Zywave and WaveScan. The WaveScan unit exhibited higher variability than the LADARWave or Zywave. Although Alcon Laboratories (LADARWave) and Bausch & Lomb Surgical (Zywave) recommend dilation, VISX specifically recommends against dilation in their WaveScan unit. All devices showed high cylinder error vectors when the cycloplegic cylinder was greater than 1.00 D. CONCLUSION: Although wavefront-derived refractions appeared to correlate well to cycloplegic refractions, further research is required to reduce variability and improve the calculation of cylinder terms.

Adult↗