Biomedical subjects

Luke E Hallum

Publications and source records attributed to Luke E Hallum.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Simulated prosthetic visual fixation, saccade, and smooth pursuit.

A visual tracking task was administered to 20 subjects afforded simulated prosthetic vision (a phosphene array); a total of 3h data was taken from each subject over the course of 10 visits. The experiment assessed prosthetic visual fixation, saccade and smooth pursuit and the effect of practice. Further, we demonstrated an image analysis technique that assisted fixation and pursuit (but not saccade) accuracy, and required less vigorous movement of the phosphene array in pursuing the target. As measured by mean deviation from the target, fixation and pursuit accuracies were improved by 8.3 and 3.3 min of visual arc, respectively (35.8% and 6.8%), for inter-phosphene spacing of 1.9 degrees . The analysis technique, involving overlapping Gaussian kernels, was an heuristic design; this is the first step of an iterative, experimental approach to devising effective image analysis to be contained in an electronic vision prosthesis. The approach should ultimately afford implanted patients improved prosthetic visual function.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2005

Learning prosthetic vision: a virtual-reality study.

Acceptance of prosthetic vision will be heavily dependent on the ability of recipients to form useful information from such vision. Training strategies to accelerate learning and maximize visual comprehension would need to be designed in the light of the factors affecting human learning under prosthetic vision. Some of these potential factors were examined in a visual acuity study using the Landolt C optotype under virtual-reality simulation of prosthetic vision. Fifteen normally sighted subjects were tested for 10-20 sessions. Potential learning factors were tested at p < 0.05 with regression models. Learning was most evident across-sessions, though 17% of sessions did express significant within-session trends. Learning was highly concentrated toward a critical range of optotype sizes, and subjects were less capable in identifying the closed optotype (a Landolt C with no gap, forming a closed annulus). Training for implant recipients should target these critical sizes and the closed optotype to extend the limit of visual comprehension. Although there was no evidence that image processing affected overall learning, subjects showed varying personal preferences.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Contribution to the theory of prosthetic vision.

By way of extracellular, electrical stimulation of the visual pathway, the various approaches to vision prosthesis aim to provide crude, patterned vision to individuals with profound blindness. Common to all approaches is the implantable electrode array and the rendering of phosphenes-the actuated percepts occupying the visual field of the implantee. Thus prosthetic vision may be simulated, and underlying theories as to how to render it efficacious developed. We review the field of simulated prosthetic vision. Furthermore, with retinal prosthesis in mind, we suggest a revised approach-an approach with regard to sampling theory, the vertebrate central visual pathway, and eye movements. The parallel development of prosthetic vision theory, explored via simulation and bioengineering issues surrounding neurostimulator design and implantation has bearing on the success of clinical trials by numerous groups in coming years.

Biomedical Engineering↗