Biomedical subjects

Lynn M Hassman

Publications and source records attributed to Lynn M Hassman.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

A central regulatory role for eosinophils and the eotaxin/CCR3 axis in chronic experimental allergic airway inflammation.

To clarify the role and regulation of eosinophils, we subjected several key eosinophil-related genetically engineered mice to a chronic model of allergic airway inflammation aiming to identify results that were independent of the genetic targeting strategy. In particular, mice with defects in eosinophil development (Deltadbl-GATA) and eosinophil recruitment [mice deficient in CCR3 (CCR3 knockout) and mice deficient in both eotaxin-1 and eotaxin-2 (eotaxin-1/2 double knockout)] were subjected to Aspergillus fumigatus-induced allergic airway inflammation. Allergen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the airway was abolished by 98%, 94%, and 99% in eotaxin-1/2 double knockout, CCR3 knockout, and Deltadbl-GATA mice, respectively. Importantly, allergen-induced type II T helper lymphocyte cytokine production was impaired in the lungs of eosinophil- and CCR3-deficient mice. The absence of eosinophils correlated with reduction in allergen-induced mucus production. Notably, by using global transcript expression profile analysis, a large subset (29%) of allergen-induced genes was eosinophil- and CCR3-dependent; pathways downstream from eosinophils were identified, including in situ activation of coagulation in the lung. In summary, we present multiple lines of independent evidence that eosinophils via CCR3 have a central role in chronic allergic airway disease.

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PubMed2006

Persistent effects induced by IL-13 in the lung.

IL-13 overexpression in the lung induces inflammatory and remodeling responses that are prominent features of asthma. Whereas most studies have concentrated on the development of IL-13-induced disease, far fewer studies have focused on the reversibility of IL-13-induced pathologies. This is particularly important because current asthma therapy appears to be poor at reversing lung remodeling. In this manuscript, we used an externally regulatable transgenic system that targets expression of IL-13 to the lung with the aim of characterizing the reversibility process. After 4 wk of doxycycline (dox) exposure, IL-13 expression resulted in mixed inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus cell metaplasia, lung fibrosis, and airspace enlargement (emphysema). After withdrawal of dox, IL-13 protein levels were profoundly reduced by 7 d and below baseline by 14 d. During this time frame, the level of lung eosinophils returned to near normal, whereas macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils remained markedly elevated. IL-13-induced mucus cell metaplasia significantly decreased (91%) 3 wk after withdrawal of dox, showing strong correlation with reduced eosinophil levels. In contrast, IL-13-induced lung fibrosis did not significantly decline 4 wk after dox withdrawal. Importantly, IL-13-induced emphysema persisted, but modestly declined 4 wk after dox. Examination of transcript expression profiles identified a subset of genes that remained increased weeks after transgene expression was no longer detected. Notably, numerous IL-13-induced cytokines and enzymes were reversible (IL-6 and cathepsins), whereas others were sustained (CCL6 and chitinases) after IL-13 withdrawal, respectively. Thus, several hallmark features of IL-13-induced lung pathology persist and are dissociated from eosinophilia after IL-13 overexpression ceases.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Pulmonary chemokine expression is coordinately regulated by STAT1, STAT6, and IFN-gamma.

The expression of distinct chemokines within the asthmatic lung suggests that specific regulatory mechanisms may mediate various stages of asthmatic disease. Global transcript expression profiling was used to define the spectrum and kinetics of chemokine involvement in an experimental murine model of asthma. Seventeen chemokines were induced in the lungs of allergen-inoculated mice, as compared with saline-treated mice. Two (CXCL13 and CCL9) of the 17 identified chemokines have not previously been associated with allergic airway disease. Seven (7 of 17; CCL2, CCL7, CCL9, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL10) of the allergen-induced chemokines were induced early after allergen challenge and remained induced throughout the experimental period. Three chemokines (CXCL2, CCL3, and CCL17) were induced only during the early phase of the inflammatory response after the initial allergen challenge, while seven chemokines (CCL6, CCL8, CCL12, CCL22, CXCL9, CXCL12, and CXCL13) were increased only after a second allergen exposure. Unexpectedly, expression of only three chemokines, CCL11, CCL17, and CCL22, was STAT6 dependent, and many of the identified chemokines were overexpressed in STAT6-deficient mice, providing an explanation for the enhanced neutrophilic inflammation seen in these mice. Notably, IFN-gamma and STAT1 were shown to contribute to the induction of two STAT6-independent chemokines, CXCL9 and CXCL10. Taken together, these results show that only a select panel of chemokines (those targeting Th2 cells and eosinophils) is positively regulated by STAT6; instead, many of the allergen-induced chemokines are negatively regulated by STAT6. Collectively, we demonstrate that allergen-induced inflammation involves coordinate regulation by STAT1, STAT6, and IFN-gamma.

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