PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M A Aiken

Publications and source records attributed to M A Aiken.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Tire explosion injuries.

Twenty-five patients hospitalized with injuries sustained from tire explosions from 1980 to 1987 were reviewed. Injuries occurred directly from the tire rim or parts of its assembly, from the patient being thrown against adjacent unyielding structures, or a combination of these. Lethal or life-threatening injuries do occur, so these patients initially must be triaged as polytrauma patients. Resuscitation and expeditious attention to life-threatening injuries must be provided when necessary. Serious head, facial, eye, and upper extremity injuries occurred frequently. Pelvic and long-bone fractures, particularly those of the femur, are stabilized primarily as part of the overall treatment of the polytraumatized patient. Open fractures and fractures with arterial injuries and/or compartment syndromes are primarily decompressed, debrided, and appropriately stabilized. After life-threatening and limb-threatening injuries are attended, eye injuries that threaten sight should be addressed. While hand, wrist, and other upper extremity injuries that do not fall in the above categories may not require immediate or primary treatment, they are often critical in determining the patient's final outcome. This is particularly true since most patients are manual workers, often mechanics. Therefore, hand, wrist, and upper extremity injuries should be treated as early as possible and in parallel with other injuries to achieve optimal results and minimize impairment, disability, and time and economic loss from work. Strong emphasis should be placed on education and safety training in preventing this severe form of civilian trauma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1988

Pulmonary toxicity of doxorubicin administered by in situ isolated lung perfusion in dogs.

The possibility of in situ isolated lung perfusion as a means of treating nonresectable pulmonary cancers unresponsive to conventional chemotherapy has been investigated. The present study has examined the biochemical and morphological effects of in situ isolated lung perfusion in dogs with doxorubicin (DOX). A dose related complication was seen in the animals following lung perfusion. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the perfusate increased as dose was increased, indicating tissue damage during the perfusion. Up to 7 days postperfusion, marked changes were seen in the serum protein concentrations although these were independent of doxorubicin concentrations. Serum lactate dehydrogenase showed a dose dependent increase 2 hour and 1 day after the lung perfusion. Plasma angiotensin converting enzyme activities up to 14 days postperfusion suggested that DOX produced pulmonary endothelial cell injury at higher drug doses. Histopathologic examination of the lungs from dogs receiving the highest concentrations of drug indicated that necrosis of arterial endothelia and alveolar epithelia accompanied by periarterial edema, subplural edema and emphysema of the lungs were the probable causes of acute animal mortality. The study has demonstrated that doxorubicin produces dose-dependent damage to the pulmonary tissue. However, the observed injury only appeared life-threatening at perfusate drug concentrations in excess of 20 nmol/ml. In situ lung perfusion for the treatment of unresectable pulmonary tumors may be clinically applicable.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1988

Arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint by solid bone grafting and plate fixation in extensive injuries to the dorsal aspect of the finger.

Eighteen patients with industrial injuries to the dorsum of the proximal interphalangeal joint involving articular destruction and segmental bone loss were treated by primary bone grafting and plating. Rigid arthrodesis and preservation of functional length were obtained in 25 fingers. Of the 25 fingers, 23 fused primarily. Because of technical error, one reconstruction showed delayed consolidation and required secondary grafting before uniting; one arthrodesis became infected and healed by second intention. Additional procedures were flexor tendon repair, nerve grafting, and local or distant flap coverage. The procedure is considered valid for the treatment of extensive skeletal damage to the proximal interphalangeal joint area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin in isolated lung of dogs and humans perfused in vivo.

The pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin was investigated in the lungs of dogs and three pulmonary cancer patients perfused in situ. In the dogs, doxorubicin uptake increased with time but was saturable at perfusate concentrations above 20 nmol/ml. After 50 min, tissue levels were consistently higher than blood perfusate levels. The kinetics of doxorubicin uptake were well described by a simple diffusion model. Changes in the estimated kinetic model parameters suggested that the saturation of doxorubicin accumulation at higher concentrations was due to a decrease in the relative rate of uptake rather than a change in the rate of efflux. In the three human patients studied, doxorubicin accumulation in the perfused lung was considerably slower compared to dog lung, and the level of drug measured in human lung tumor biopsies was consistently less than surrounding tissue. The present study has shown that lung perfusion is technically feasible and may represent a means of delivering cytotoxic drugs to unresectable pulmonary tumors in humans.

Animals↗